combine

a) the valve flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing. b) the largest of the cartilage structures. c) the only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx. d) used in vocal cord movement with the thyroid cartilage.

c)

It is important for a nurse to provide required information and appropriate explanations of diagnostic procedures to patients with respiratory disorders to a) ensure adequate rest periods. b) manage respiratory distress. c) aid the caregivers of the patient. d) manage decreased energy levels.

d) manage decreased energy levels. In addition to the nursing management of individual tests, patients with respiratory disorders require informative and appropriate explanations of any diagnostic procedures they will experience. Nurses must remember that for many of these patients, breathing may in some way be compromised and energy levels may be decreased. For that reason, explanations should be brief, yet complete, and may need to be repeated later after a rest period. The nurse must also ensure adequate rest periods before and after the procedures. After invasive procedures, the nurse must carefully assess for signs of respiratory distress.

The nurse auscultated a patient's middle lobe of the lungs for abnormal breath sounds. To do this, the nurse placed the stethoscope on the: a) Anterior surface of the right side of the chest, between the fourth and fifth rib. b) Posterior surface of the left side of the chest, near the sixth rib. c) Anterior surface of the left side of the chest, near the sixth rib. d) Posterior surface of the right side of the chest, near T3.

a) Anterior surface of the right side of the chest, between the fourth and fifth rib. The middle lobe of the lung is only found on the right side of the thorax and can only be assessed anteriorly. It is located at the fourth rib, at the right sternal border and extends to the fifth rib, in the midaxillary line.

A client arrives in the emergency department reporting shortness of breath. She has 3+ pitting edema below the knees, a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute, and heaving respirations. The nurse auscultates the client's lungs to reveal coarse, moist, high-pitched, and non-continuous sounds that do not clear with coughing. The nurse will document these sounds as which type? a) Crackles b) Rhonchi c) Pleural rub d) Wheezes

a) Crackles Crackles are adventitious breath sounds that are high-pitched, discontinuous, and popping; they may or may not clear with coughing and are moist. Often crackles are associated with heart failure.

When the nurse is assessing the older adult patient, what gerontologic changes in the respiratory system should the nurse be aware of? (Select all that apply.) a) Decreased gag reflex b) Decreased alveolar duct diameter c) Increased presence of collagen in alveolar walls d) Decreased presence of mucus e) Increased presence of mucus

a) Decreased gag reflex c) Increased presence of collagen in alveolar walls e) Increased presence of mucus Age-related changes in the respiratory system include a decrease in mucus, decrease in gag reflex, increase in collagen in the alveolar walls of the lungs, and increase in alveolar duct diameter.

Which ventilation-perfusion ratio is exhibited by a pulmonary emboli? a) Normal ratio of perfusion to ventilation b) Silent unit c) Dead space d) Low ventilation-perfusion ratio

c) Dead space When ventilation exceeds perfusion a dead space exists. An example of a dead space is pulmonary emboli. A low ventilation-perfusion ratio exists in pneumonia or with a mucus plug. A silent unit occurs in pneumothorax or ARDS.

The nurse receives an order to obtain a sputum sample from a client with hemoptysis. When advising the client of the physician's order, the client states not being able to produce sputum. Which suggestion, offered by the nurse, is helpful in producing the sputum sample? a) Use the secretions present in the oral cavity. b) Drink 8 oz of water to thin the secretions for expectoration. c) Take deep breaths and cough forcefully. d) Tickle the back of the throat to produce the gag reflex.

c) Take deep breaths and cough forcefully. Taking deep breaths moves air around the sputum and coughing forcefully moves the sputum up the respiratory tract. Once in the pharynx, the sputum can be expectorated into a specimen container. Producing a gag reflex elicits stomach contents and not respiratory sputum. Dilute and thinned secretions are not helpful in aiding expectoration. A sputum culture is not a component of oral secretions.

A thoracentesis is performed to obtain a sample of pleural fluid or a biopsy specimen from the pleural wall for diagnostic purposes. What does bloody fluid indicate? a) Trauma b) Infection c) Emphysema d) Malignancy

d) Malignancy A thoracentesis may be performed to obtain a sample of pleural fluid or to biopsy a specimen from the pleural wall for diagnostic purposes. The fluid, which may be clear, serous, bloody, or purulent, provides clues to the pathology. Bloody fluid may indicate malignancy, whereas purulent fluid usually indicates an infection. Pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, and pyogenic infection are complications of a thoracentesis. Pulmonary edema or cardiac distress can occur after a sudden shift in mediastinal contents when large amounts of fluid are aspirated.