Combo with apush chapter 23-26 practice questions set #1 and 1 other

labor organization with the correct description.

*National Labor Union- a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s *Knights of Labor-the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration *American Federation of Labor - an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism generally concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because

America has greater social mobility than Europe has.

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

American Federation of Labor

entrepreneur with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.

Andrew Carnegie -steel John D. Rockefeller- oil J. Pierpont Morgan-banking James Duke- tobacco

entrepreneur with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.

Andrew Carnegie-vertical integration John D. Rockefeller - trust J. Pierpont Morgan-interlocking directorate

One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was

Chinese

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was

Congress.

Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Jim Fisk b. "Black Friday" c. Jay Gould d. "Ohio Idea" e. Wall Street gold market

D. "Ohio Idea"

The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the

Great Northern.

Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four?

Grover Cleveland

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was

Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland.

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

Henry Bessemer.

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

Interstate Commerce Commission.

Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was

James Garfield

railroad company with the correct enterpreneur

James J. Hill-Great Norther Cornelius Vanderbilt - New York Central Leland Stanford -Central Pacific

The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were

Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada.

The Republican political faction with which he was associated.

Roscoe Conkling- Stalwarts, James Blaine- "Half-Breeds" Horace Greeley- Liberal Republican Ulysses Grant- Regular Republican

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

United States Steel.

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

William Jennings Bryan.

The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in

a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented

a romantic ideal of the independent and athletic "new woman."

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was

a trend that affected Europe as well.

At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant

accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens

On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland

advocated a lower rate

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

an eight-hour day for government workers

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s

aroused great interest among voters.

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

avoid corporate regulation by the states.

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from

big corporations

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of

borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate.

Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States?

boxer rebellion

The people who found fault with the "captains of industry" mostly argued that these men

built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers.

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons

built their railroads with government assistance

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support of

businesspeople

President James A. Garfield was assassinated

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were

called Jim Crow laws.

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

cheap labor

Which one of the following is least like the other three?

closed shop

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

corporations.

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?

d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to

dig for gold

In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crédit Mobilizer

distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen.

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for

economic necessity.

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

elimination of as much competition as possible.

The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by

expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.

"Spoilsmen" was the label attached to those who

expected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders

The _______________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.

fourteenth

By 1900, organized labor in America

had begun to develop a more positive image with the public.

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans

had few significant economic differences.

The "gospel of wealth," which associated godliness with riches,

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility for their God-given money.

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency.

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except

immigration restrictions.

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was

impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help

As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested

inflationary policies

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

interlocking dictorate

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for

its personal attacks on the two candidates.

The first major product of the oil industry was

kerosene

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its

lack of class consciousness

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

land grants.

The Chinese word tong means

meeting hall

Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following except

new educational requirements for jobs

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters

of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.

Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually

party loyalists

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was

political patronage

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with

poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to the via supreme court ruling.) literacy tests (made illegal by the voting rights act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by supreme court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

pools.

The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved

railroad construction kickbacks.

During the age of industrialization, the South

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened with

scenes of class warfare

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to

take a competitive examination

The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was

tariff policy

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted _______________ manufacturing to the "new South."

textile

The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 were

the Republicans.

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was

the availability of industrial jobs

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was

the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.

Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from

the collapse of the steel industry.

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was

the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear

One result of Republican "hard money" policies was

the formation of the Greenback Labor party

The railroad of 1877 started when

the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.

The United States changed to standard time zones when

the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

The political developments of the l890s were largely shaped by

the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.

One by-product of the development of the railroads was

the movement of people to cities.

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was

the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as

the only steady jobs and wages available.

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape

the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

the railroad network.

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

the use of federal troops during strikes

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless,

the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except

using federal agents to break his competitors

The oil industry became a huge business

using federal agents to break his competitors

As a result of the Civil War

waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic.

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

were culturally different from previous immigrants.

The group most affected by the new industrial age was

women