Combo with "Ch 20: The Lymphatic System" and 5 others

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?

digestive organs

Where are Peyer's patches located?

distal portion of the small intestine

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?

house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes; furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

increase permeability

The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________.

left subclavian vein

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

lower extremities

Protein-containing fluid within lymphatic vessels.

lymph

These cells recognize antigens and initiate the immune response.

lymphocytes

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?

lymphocytes

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:

produce hormones; have lymphocytes; have a cortex and medulla; DIRECTLY FIGHT ANTIGENS

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?

produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

right lymphatic duct

The right lymphatic duct drains ________.

the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity

The function of B cells in the immune response is ________.

to produce plasma cells that make antibodies

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

The ________ are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance to the pharynx.

tonsils

Which of the following is/are the simplest lymphoid organ(s)?

tonsils

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

transporting dietary fats; TRANSPORTING RESPIRATORY GASES; draining excess interstitial fluid; carrying out immune responses

Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by:

trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.

The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen.

white

The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries.

white

Lymph vessels resemble these vessels of the systemic circulation.

Veins

Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with:

capillary beds

If an unknown antigen contains only swine serum albumin, how many precipitates will form between it and the wells of antibodies for horse, bovine, and swine albumin?

1

10) Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________. A) efferent lymphatic vessels B) afferent lymphatic vessels C) the cortical sinus D) the subscapular sinus

A

17) A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. A) tonsil B) thymus C) Peyer's patch D) appendix

A

25) Functions of the lymphatic system include ________. A) transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system B) transport of red blood cells to the blood vascular system C) maintenance of blood pressure in the venous circulation D) excretion of excess dietary fat

A

26) The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. A) lingual tonsils B) palatine tonsils C) pharyngeal tonsils D) Peyer's tonsils

A

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?

A and C...

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________. A) efferent lymphatic vessels B) afferent lymphatic vessels C) the cortical sinus D) the subscapular sinus

A) efferent lymphatic vessels

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. A) lingual tonsils B) palatine tonsils C) pharyngeal tonsils D) Peyer's tonsils

A) lingual tonsils

The lymphatic capillaries are ________. A) more permeable than blood capillaries B) less permeable than blood capillaries C) as permeable as blood capillaries D) completely impermeable

A) more permeable than blood capillaries

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? A) pancreas B) spleen C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches of the intestine

A) pancreas

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. A) tonsil B) thymus C) Peyer's patch D) appendix

A) tonsil

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed? A. Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema. B. Lymphedema will not occur, as the blood vessels will carry away the excess accumulated fluid in the area. C. Lymphedema will not occur: the lymph vessels will still be able to transport the lymph away from the area without the lymph nodes being present. D. Removal of any lymph nodes results in systemic edema, as lymph is not returned to the circulatory system.

A. Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. A. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. B. T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances. C. Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood. D. Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently.

A. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Lymphangitis is caused by ______. A. an infection B. inflammation of the vasa vasorum C. increased formation of interstitial fluid from blood flowing through the congested vasa vasorum D. All of the listed responses are correct.

A. an infection The suffix -itis indicates an infection of the tissue or structure within the root word. In this case, it is an infection of the lymph vessels.

Where is the lingual tonsil located? A. base of the tongue B. posterior wall of the nasopharynx C. surrounding the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx D. either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity

A. base of the tongue

Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries? A. bones and teeth B. small intestine C. skin D. loose connective tissues

A. bones and teeth

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid cell? A. eosinophil B. reticular cell C. macrophage D. dendritic cell

A. eosinophil Eosinophils are granular WBCs that destroy parasitic worms. They are not lymphoid cells.

Which of the following is NOT a part of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)? A. lymph nodes B. tonsils C. appendix D. Peyer's patches

A. lymph nodes Lymph nodes are scattered through the interior of the body. They are not a component of MALT as they are not associated with mucous membranes.

Where are worn-out erythrocytes found in the spleen? A. red pulp B. splenic cords C. capsule D. white pulp

A. red pulp

What type of tissue is commonly found in all lymphoid organs and tissues (except the thymus)? A. reticular connective tissue B. elastic connective tissue C. elastic cartilage connective tissue D. areolar connective tissue

A. reticular connective tissue

Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct? A. right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax B. digestive organs and lower limbs C. right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax, and the right lower limb D. left upper limb, left side of the head and thorax, and both lower limbs

A. right upper limb, right side of the head and thorax

The first lymphoid organ(s) to appear during fetal development is (are) the __________. A. thymus B. appendix C. tonsils D. lymph nodes

A. thymus Although the thymus is the first lymphoid organ to appear in the developing fetus, only the tonsils and the spleen are well developed by birth.

Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells? A. thymus gland B. tonsils C. thyroid gland D. spleen

A. thymus gland

Of the following lymphoid organs, which is (are) structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule? A. tonsils B. lymph nodes C. thymus gland D. spleen

A. tonsils Tonsils lack a complete capsule. The epithelium overlying tonsils invaginates deeply into their interior to form crypts where bacteria and particulate matter are trapped to be destroyed in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils.

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

WHich of the following represents a logical sequence of structures that contribute to the return of fluid into the blood via the lymphatic system?

Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

If you were to draw an antibody, how might you sketch out its basic shape?

As a "Y"

11) By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) macrophages D) monocytes

B

12) Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________. A) removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood B) crypts that trap bacteria C) storage of blood platelets D) storage of iron

B

13) When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. A) shrinkage of tissues distal to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph B) severe localized edema distal to the blockage C) increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal to the blockage D) abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region

B

15) Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages. B) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. C) T cells are the precursors of B cells. D) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.

B

18) Which is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? A) tonsil B) thymus C) Peyer's patch D) appendix

B

19) Peyer's patches are found in the ________. A) stomach B) small intestine C) large intestine D) spleen

B

9) Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. A) T lymphocytes B) plasma cells C) lymph nodes D) medullary cords

B

Germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes contain primarily ________.

B cells

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages. B) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. C) T cells are the precursors of B cells. D) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.

B) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________. A) islets of Langerhans B) Peyer's patches C) rugae D) villi

B) Peyer's patches

The thymus is most active during _____. A) fetal development B) childhood C) middle age D) old age

B) childhood

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________. A) removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood B) forming crypts that trap bacteria C) storage of blood platelets D) storage of iron

B) forming crypts that trap bacteria

Peyer's patches are found in the ________. A) duodenum of the small intestine B) ileum of the small intestine C) large intestine D) jejunum of the small intestine

B) ileum of the small intestine

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ____. A) Lymph follicles B) lymph nodes C) axillary nodes D) Cisterna chyli

B) lymph nodes

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) macrophages D) monocytes

B) lymphocytes

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. A) T lymphocytes B) plasma cells C) lymph nodes D) medullary cords

B) plasma cells

When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. A) shrinkage of tissues distal to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph B) severe localized edema distal to the blockage C) increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal to the blockage D) abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region

B) severe localized edema distal to the blockage

Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________. A) the pumping action of the heart B) skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement C) contraction of the vessels themselves D) two-way valves

B) skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement

Which of the following is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? A) tonsil B) thymus C) Peyer's patch D) appendix

B) thymus

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is not true? A. It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation. B. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen. C. It does not fight antigens. D. Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue.

B. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes? A. They return lymph to circulation. B. They filter lymph. C. They produce lymph. D. They produce red blood cells.

B. They filter lymph. Lymph nodes are rich with macrophages, B cells, and T cells; therefore, the lymph nodes are primed for activating the immune system. Structurally, lymph nodes have a capsule and medullary chords and sinuses that serve to filter lymph fluid.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system? A. lymph nodes B. blood vessels C. lymphatic vessels D. lymph

B. blood vessels

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid tissue/organ? A. spleen B. bone marrow C. Peyer's patches D. tonsils

B. bone marrow

What is the role of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue? A. manage the immune response B. capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes C. phagocytize foreign substances D. help activate T cells

B. capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes

The thymus is most active during ________. A. middle age B. childhood C. fetal development D. old age

B. childhood

What region of the lymph node contains densely packed follicles with dividing B cells? A. capsule B. cortex C. medulla D. trabeculae

B. cortex

Where are Peyer's patches located? A. proximal portion of the small intestine B. distal portion of the small intestine C. appendix D. large intestine

B. distal portion of the small intestine

Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system? A. lymphatic vessels B. erythrocytes C. lymph nodes D. lymph

B. erythrocytes

To what organ do the lymphatic vessels return protein-rich escaped fluids to rejoin circulation? A. lymph nodes B. heart C. thymus D. spleen

B. heart

Lymph is most similar to __________. A. water B. interstitial fluid C. saliva D. blood plasma

B. interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid and lymph are the same in composition. Interstitial fluid is renamed lymph as soon as it enters a lymphatic vessel.

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________. A. cervical region B. lower extremities C. axillary region D. inguinal region

B. lower extremities

The lymphatic capillaries are ________. A. as permeable as blood capillaries B. more permeable than blood capillaries C. completely impermeable D. less permeable than blood capillaries

B. more permeable than blood capillaries

Antibodies are produced by __________. A. dendritic cells B. plasma cells C. reticular cells D. macrophages

B. plasma cells

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. A. T lymphocytes B. plasma cells C. medullary cords D. lymph nodes

B. plasma cells

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes? A. act as lymph filters and activate the immune system B. produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid C. produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs D. serve as antigen surveillance areas

B. produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A. water B. red blood cells C. ions D. plasma proteins

B. red blood cells

Which of the following returns lymph to the right lymphatic duct? A. left arm B. right side of the head C. left side of the head D. cisterna chyli

B. right side of the head

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. A. increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage B. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb C. abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region D. shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph

B. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does NOT contain reticular connective tissue? A. tonsils B. thymus C. spleen D. lymph nodes

B. thymus

Lymph nodes are surrounded by a capsule from which connective tissue strands extend inward to divide the node into compartments. What is the name of these strands? A. hilum B. trabeculae C. lymph sinuses D. medullary cords

B. trabeculae

Once collected, lymph is returned to __________. A. the liver for detoxification B. venous circulation C. arterial circulation D. the kidneys for filtration

B. venous circulation From the terminal lymphatic ducts, lymph rejoins venous circulation via the subclavian veins.

Which of the following would the body perceive as an antigen?

Bacteria, Virus, and Mismatched red blood cells

_____ can enter lymph capillaries.

Bacteria, large proteins, and interstitial fluid

16) Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. A) Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently. B) Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood. C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. D) T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.

C

20) Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up. A) thoracic duct B) inguinal nodes C) cisterna chyli D) azygos

C

27) Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A) water B) plasma proteins C) red blood cells D) ions

C

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. A) Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently. B) Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood. C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. D) T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.

C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes? A) act as lymph filters and activate the immune system B) produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs C) produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid D) serve as antigen surveillance areas

C) produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A) water B) plasma proteins C) red blood cells D) ions

C) red blood cells

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? A) lumbar trunk B) thoracic duct C) right lymphatic duct D) cisterna chyli

C) right lymphatic duct

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A. T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue. B. The two main types are T cells and macrophages. C. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. D. T cells are the precursors of B cells.

C. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels? A. Veins and lymphatic vessels have a different number of tunics. B. Veins tend to form more branches (anastamoses) than do lymphatic vessels. C. Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels. D. Veins have thinner walls than do lymphatic vessels.

C. Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels. Veins and lymphatic collecting vessels both have valves, but lymphatic vessels have more valves than do veins. Veins also have specialized endothelial flap valves, which allow them to more readily collect fluid from the interstitial space.

What is a bubo? A. an infected Peyer's patch B. a wall in a lymph node C. an infected lymph node D. a lobe of the spleen

C. an infected lymph node

Tonsillar crypts are invaginations deep into the interior of the tonsil. What is missing from the tonsil that allows for the presence of tonsillar crypts? A. lymphocytes B. lymphoid follicles C. capsule D. germinal centers

C. capsule

What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk returns lymph? A. thoracic duct B. lacteals C. cisterna chyli D. right lymphatic duct

C. cisterna chyli

Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following? A. bone marrow B. CNS C. digestive organs D. bones and teeth

C. digestive organs

Peyer's patches are found in the ________. A. duodenum of the small intestine B. large intestine C. ileum of the small intestine D. jejunum of the small intestine

C. ileum of the small intestine

What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries? A. speed transport B. reduce pressure in the lymphatic capillary C. increase permeability D. connect to blood capillaries

C. increase permeability The lymph capillaries owe their permeability to the mini-valves formed by the lack of tight junctions between the endothelial cells and the collagen filaments anchoring the endothelial cells to surrounding structures.

Where is the spleen located? A. inferior neck and extending into the superior thorax, partially overlying the heart deep to the sternum B. clusters of lymphoid follicles located in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestines C. left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach D. forming a ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrance to the pharynx (throat)

C. left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach

The filtration of lymph and immune system activation are the two basic functions of the __________. A. spleen B. tonsils C. lymph nodes D. Peyer's patches

C. lymph nodes

Within buboes, bacteria are directly attacked by ______. A. dendritic cells B. B cells C. macrophages D. None of the listed responses is correct.

C. macrophages Macrophages are large phagocytic cells (macro = big; phage = to eat). They are capable of directly destroying invading bacteria by engulfing and breaking them down using lysosomal enzymes. Buboes are lymph nodes that are inflamed due to a bacterial infection.

The __________ is (are) the most likely to become infected. A. tubal tonsil B. lingual tonsil C. palatine tonsils D. pharyngeal tonsil

C. palatine tonsils

Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged? A. tubal tonsils B. palatine tonsils C. pharyngeal tonsil D. lingual tonsil

C. pharyngeal tonsil

After surgical removal of the spleen (i.e., a splenectomy), some other organs take over most of its functions. Which of the following spleen functions in the adult can be performed by bone marrow? A. immune surveillance B. erythropoiesis C. removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood D. storage of platelets

C. removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood. The bone marrow lacks mature macrophages. Macrophages are essential in the destruction of red blood cells in the spleen.

Lymphatic vessels __________. A. supply nutrients to tissues B. deliver oxygen to tissues C. return tissue fluid to the bloodstream D. collect blood from tissues

C. return tissue fluid to the bloodstream Lymphatic vessels have a role in transporting tissue fluid, leaked proteins, and absorbed fats to the blood. They do not deliver nutrients nor gases to the tissues; that is the role of blood vessels.

A sentinel node is ________. A. the first node at the junction of all the lumbar trunks B. a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina propria C. the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous D. a small node in the spleen

C. the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

What do collecting lymphatic vessels NOT share in common with veins of the cardiovascular system? A. fluids transported toward the heart B. three tunics or layers C. thickness of the walls D. presence of valves

C. thickness of the walls

Which of the following delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein? A. subclavian trunk B. jugular trunk C. thoracic duct D. cisterna chyli

C. thoracic duct

Which of the following does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? A. Peyer's patch B. tonsil C. thymus D. appendix

C. thymus

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? A. carrying out immune responses B. draining excess interstitial fluid C. transporting respiratory gases D. transporting dietary fats

C. transporting respiratory gases

Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function? A. splenic cords B. red pulp C. white pulp D. splenic sinusoids

C. white pulp

Why is the prognosis of cancer best when there is no detectable spread from the region of the primary tumor to the lymph nodes?

Cancer cells that break free from the primary tumor can metastasize via the lymph system. Non-metastasized cancer is easier to treat.

14) Select the correct statement about lymph transport. A) Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits. B) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. C) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling. D) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

D

21) What is a bubo? A) a wall in a lymph node B) a lobe of the spleen C) an infected Peyer's patch D) an infected lymph node

D

22) What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle? A) It increases the surface area of the thymic cortex. B) It assists in the production of lymphocytes. C) It forms the blood-thymus barrier. D) It has no known significant function.

D

23) Particularly large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________. A) inguinal region B) cervical region C) axillary region D) lower extremities

D

24) Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. A) Peyer's patches B) palatine tonsils C) lingual tonsils D) islets of Langerhans

D

28) A sentinel node is ________. A) a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina propria B) the first node at the junction of all the lumbar trunks C) a small node in the spleen D) the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

D

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue? A) house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes B) house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils C) furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages D) A and C

D) A and C

Select the correct statement about lymph transport. A) Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits. B) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. C) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling. D) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

D) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles

What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? A) The size of the thymus increases continuously from birth to death. B) The size of the thymus decreases continuously from birth to death. C) The thymus is not affected by age. D) The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.

D) The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.

What is a bubo? A) a wall in a lymph node B) a lobe of the spleen C) an infected Peyer's patch D) an infected lymph node

D) an infected lymph node

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following? A) bones and teeth B) bone marrow C) CNS D) digestive organs

D) digestive organs

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not: A) have lymphocytes B) produce hormones C) have a cortex and medulla D) directly fight antigens

D) directly fight antigens

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. A) Peyer's patches B) palatine tonsils C) lingual tonsils D) islets of Langerhans

D) islets of Langerhans

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________. A) inguinal region B) cervical region C) axillary region D) lower extremities

D) lower extremities

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow? A) skeletal muscle contraction B) breathing C) valves in lymph vessel walls D) smooth muscle contraction

D) smooth muscle contraction

A sentinel node is ________. A) a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina propria B) the first node at the junction of all the lumbar trunks C) a small node in the spleen D) the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

D) the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? A) draining excess interstitial fluid B) carrying out immune responses C) transporting dietary fats D) transporting respiratory gases

D) transporting respiratory gases

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue? A. furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages B. house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils C. house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes D. A and C

D. Both A and C

Select the correct statement about lymph transport. A. Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling. B. Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. C. Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits. D. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

D. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

What is the main function of the lymphatic system? A. The lymphatic system pumps and transports blood throughout the body. B. The lymphatic system makes blood cells through a process known as hematopoiesis. C. The lymphatic system regulates blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. D. The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.

D. The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood.

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg? A. The man has cancer that is blocking his lymph vessels, causing edema. B. The man had mononucleosis, which is a viral disease that causes swelling of the lymph nodes and localized edema. C. The man had surgery on his leg, which removed the local lymph vessels and lymph nodes, causing edema. D. The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

D. The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

Lymphedema may be treated by all EXCEPT which of the following? A. manual compression of the affected area B. movements of the affected area C. treatments that promote growth of lymphatic vessels D. bed rest to allow enhanced blood flow and therefore healing of the affected area

D. bed rest to allow enhanced blood flow and therefore healing of the affected area Lymphedema is swelling that occurs when normal lymphatic drainage is blocked. If a person remains stationary, it decreases skeletal muscle contraction, which facilitates lymph drainage.

Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with __________. A. bone marrow B. arterioles C. the heart D. capillary beds

D. capillary beds

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow? A. skeletal muscle contraction B. valves in lymph vessel walls C. breathing D. capillary smooth muscle contraction

D. capillary smooth muscle contraction

Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes? A. cervical, acromial, and mammary regions B. lumbar, inguinal, and femoral regions C. axillary, brachial, and subclavian regions D. cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions

D. cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not: A. produce hormones B. have lymphocytes C. have a cortex and medulla D. directly fight antigens

D. directly fight antigens

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________. A. the cortical sinus B. the subcapsular sinus C. afferent lymphatic vessels D. efferent lymphatic vessels

D. efferent lymphatic vessels

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________. A. storage of iron B. removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood C. storage of blood platelets D. forming crypts that trap bacteria

D. forming crypts that trap bacteria

Peyer's patches are located __________. A. in the liver B. in the spleen C. in the wall of the colon D. in the wall of the small intestine

D. in the wall of the small intestine

Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries? A. anchoring of endothelial cells to adjacent structures by collagen fibers B. inflammation of tissues surrounding lymphatic capillaries C. increasing pressure in the interstitial space D. increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary

D. increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. A. palatine tonsils B. lingual tonsils C. Peyer's patches D. islets of Langerhans

D. islets of Langerhans

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. A. palatine tonsils B. pharyngeal tonsils C. Peyer's tonsils D. lingual tonsils

D. lingual tonsils

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________. A. lymph follicles B. lymphatics C. lacteals D. lymph nodes

D. lymph nodes

Which lymphoid organ serves in immune surveillance and in filtering lymph? A. tonsils B. the spleen C. the thymus D. lymph nodes

D. lymph nodes Lymph nodes function as lymph filters and immune surveillance units. They exist in large numbers and are located everywhere in the body, with the exception of the bones, teeth, bone marrow, and the entire central nervous system.

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones? A. macrophages B. basophils C. monocytes D. lymphocytes

D. lymphocytes

Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. These cells form a unique structural modification that increases their permeability that is known as the __________. A. chyle B. lacteals C. lymph nodes D. minivalves

D. minivalves

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? A. Peyer's patches of the intestine B. spleen C. tonsils D. pancreas

D. pancreas

Which of the following lymphoid cells secrete antibodies? A. dendritic cells B. macrophages C. T lymphocytes D. plasma cells

D. plasma cells

What is the role of the B lymphocytes (B cells) in lymphoid tissue? A. capture antigens and bring them back to the lymph nodes B. phagocytize foreign substances C. manage the immune response D. produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies

D. produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? A. lumbar trunk B. cisterna chyli C. thoracic duct D. right lymphatic duct

D. right lymphatic duct

Lymph transport involves all but which of the following? A. lymph capillary minivalve action B. milking action of active muscle fibers C. thorax pressure changes during breathing D. smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

D. smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions? A. tonsil B. thymus C. lymph node D. spleen

D. spleen The spleen provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response, and blood-cleansing functions such as storing some of the breakdown products of erythrocytes and storage of platelets.

Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region? A. right lymphatic duct B. jugular trunk C. subclavian trunk D. thoracic duct

D. thoracic duct

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. A. appendix B. thymus C. Peyer's patch D. tonsil

D. tonsil

Why would removal of lymph vessels from the right adillary region cause edema in the right arm?

Excess blood plasma builds up in regions where there are no lymph vessels.

B cells provide this kind of immunity.

Humoral

Peyer's patches are found in the ________.

Ileum of the small intestine

A mother takes her son to the doctor and describes the following symptoms that she has observed. The child is running a fever, has flu-like symptoms, and his lymph glands are very swollen and sore to the touch. Of what significance are the swollen and sore lymph glands?

It indicates that the lymph nodes are infected by microorganisms.

Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph.

LYMPH NODES; spleen; tonsils

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does not contain reticular connective tissue?

Lymph nodes; Tonsils; THYMUS; Spleen

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?

Lymphocytes

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

The appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches are examples of ________.

MALT

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

PANCREAS; Peyer's patches of the intestine; tonsils; spleen

Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.

Peyer's patches

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.

Peyer's patches; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; lingual tonsils; palatine tonsils

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION; valves in lymph vessel walls; skeletal muscle contraction; breathing

A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What can she expect regarding her left arm, and why?

She can expect severe localized edema along the arm, although some lymphatic drainage is eventually reestablished by regrowth of the vessels.

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?

Spleen

The thymus is important for:

T lymphocyte maturation.

Which of the following is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

THYMUS; tonsil; appendix; Peyer's patch

A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. What are the signs and symptoms that help to distinguish cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes?

Tender nodes are usually due to inflammation, whereas hard, fixed nodes are suggestive of malignancy.

An advantage to having reticular connective tissue present in lymph nodes would be that:

The loose organization of reticular connective tissue provides niches for macrophages and lymphocytes; lymph filters through the nodes and is exposed to lymphocytes and macrophages; lymphocytes cycle to various areas of the body and back to lymph nodes

As infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progresses, some individuals develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Why might this occur?

The lymph nodes are overwhelmed by a large number of virus particles trapped in the nodes.

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

Which of the following contribute(s) to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

The pumping of the heart; Pressure changes in the thorax that result from breathing

What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?

The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.

What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes?

There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.

What is not true about antibodies?

They are found in plasma and other body secretions; THEY ARE CELLS; They bind to a single, specific antigen; They are produced by plasma cells

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

They filter lymph.

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue/organ?

Tonsils; BONE MARROW; Peyer's patches; Spleen

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels.

2) Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? A) pancreas B) spleen C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches of the intestine

a

8) The lymphatic capillaries are ________. A) more permeable than blood capillaries B) less permeable than blood capillaries C) equally permeable to blood capillaries D) completely impermeable

a

Peyer's patches are located:

along the small intestine

What is a bubo?

an infected lymph node

Which of the following is NOT a part of the MALT?

appendix; tonsils; Peyer's patches; LYMPH NODES

Antibodies ________.

are proteins composed of heavy chains and light chains

The highest density of lymph nodes can be found _____.

at the locations where lymphatic collecting vessels converge

1) Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________. A) lymph follicles B) lymph nodes C) axillary nodes D) cisterna chyli

b

3) The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________. A) islets of Langerhans B) Peyer's patches C) rugae D) villi

b

4) Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________. A) the pumping action of the heart B) skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement C) contraction of the vessels themselves D) two-way valves

b

5) The thymus is most active during ________. A) fetal development B) childhood C) middle age D) old age

b

In the Ouchterlony test, where will a precipitate form when bovine serum albumin is mixed with the antibodies for horse albumin, bovine albumin, and swine albumin?

between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for bovine albumin

Red pulp of the spleen is most concerned with ______, while white pulp is most concerned with _____.

blood filtering; immunity

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?

bone marrow; bones and teeth; cns; DIGESTIVE ORGANS

6) Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? A) lumbar trunk B) thoracic duct C) right lymphatic duct D) cisterna chyli

c

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

Lymphatic vessels:

collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material.

crypts

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________.

crypts

7) What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? A) The size of the thymus increases continuously from birth to death. B) The size of the thymus decreases continuously from birth to death. C) The thymus is not affected by age. D) The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.

d

Lymph in the cisterna chyli differs in composition from lymph in the general lymphatic stream in that it contains more ________.

fat

Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to:

fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels

Antigens that can provoke an immune response include ________.

foreign proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules, called haptens, that link to our own body proteins

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

forming crypts that trap bacteria

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

inguinal region; axillary region; LOWER EXTREMITIES; cervical region

Lymph is most similar to:

interstitial fluid

Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.

lacteals

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.

lymph nodes

Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels.

lymph nodes

What is/are the principal lymphoid organ(s) in the body?

lymph nodes

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

lymph nodes; lymphatic vessels; BLOOD VESSELS; lymph

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid cell?

macrophage; reticular cell; EOSINOPHIL; dendritic cell

Hassall's corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored ________ regions of the thymus.

medullary

Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

milking action of skeletal muscles; PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART; pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing

Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of:

minivalves in their walls.

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

more permeable than blood capillaries

The ________ is (are) the most likely to become infected.

palatine tonsils

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.

peyer's patches

Antibodies are produced by _______.

plasma cells

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood; FORMING CRYPTS THAT TRAP BACTERIA; storage of iron; storage of blood platelets

Lymphatic vessels:

return tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?

serve as antigen surveillance areas; produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs; PRODUCE LYMPH FLUID AND CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID; act as lymph filters and activate the immune system

When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage

Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________.

skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement

Largest lymphatic organ.

spleen

Stores blood platelets.

spleen

The _____ is the largest lymphoid organ.

spleen

Which of the following lymphoid tissues removes defective red blood cells from the blood?

spleen

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, ________.

spleen, and thymus

The property of immunological memory is ________.

the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered

A sentinel node is ________.

the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

Receives lymph from most of the body.

thoracic duct

The first lymphoid organ to appear in development is (are) the:

thymus

Which of the following is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

thymus

Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?

thymus gland

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels.

trunks

Once collected, lymph is returned to:

venous circulation

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

water; RED BLOOD CELLS; ions; plasma proteins