Comm 1300
If Chelsea looks for only one explanation for the behavior of her friend, then she most likely lacks ___________ as a communicator.
cognitive complexity
Talking to her grandmother about her new computer, Reina uses such words as "web" and "tweet." Reina's grandmother wonders what spiders and birds have to do with Reina's computer. Based on the grandmother's confusion, what can we conclude about the nature of language?
All language is symbolic
Which of the following statements best describes how culture is acquired?
Culture is determined by the traditions and values of the people who raised us.
Scott is excited to take his teenage son, Nathan, to a baseball game. As they drive to the game, Scott talks extensively about the local team, citing batting averages and gauging the team's chances at making the playoffs. Scott does not seem to notice that Nathan rolls his eyes frequently, texts his friends during much of the drive, and does not seem interested in the upcoming game at all. To be more in tune with what Nathan wants to do, Scott needs to
Be sensitive to nonverbal messages
Chrissie is the owner of a small photocopying business. When her daughter participates in a fundraiser for a cheerleading competition, Chrissie asks her employees to contribute to the fundraiser, even though she pays most of them only the minimum wage. Most of her employees feel obligated to contribute, and they are upset by what they see as an unfair demand from someone who has power over them. Which of the following practices of a competent communicator might Chrissie keep in mind to understand her coworkers' feelings better?
Behaving ethically
Which of the following is one of the reasons why solitary confinement is considered a harsh punishment for prisoners?
Being cut off from social interaction can be physically and psychologically devastating.
On the fifteenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, President Barack Obama gave a speech of ____________________ in which he honored the memory of victims and rescue workers who lost their lives.
Commemoration
According to a 2014 National Association of Colleges and Employers survey, which of the following is one of the most important qualities employers look for in college graduates?
Communication competence
Marcos is the chairperson of an executive board for a pharmaceutical company. The decisions his board makes have far-reaching consequences for how the company is run. Marcos thinks it is important that all members of his committee be given the chance to speak and that all ideas be considered equally, regardless of controversy. When the time comes to vote, Marcos counts everyone's votes equally, and he supports the will of the majority, even if it doesn't reflect his own preferences. What style of leadership does Marcos have?
Democratic
If your friend is telling you about a particularly emotional issue she is having and your response is simply "It'll be fine," your message is
Disconfirming
Sydney is getting ready to have a baby. Although she is very excited, she is also a bit nervous and doesn't know what to expect. Sydney's friends throw her a surprise baby shower to celebrate her upcoming arrival and to reassure her that all will go well. Sydney's friends are providing what kinds of rewards by supporting and celebrating with her?
Emotional
During which stage of listening do you judge whether the speaker's statements are accurate, separate fact from opinion, and consider the speaker's actions or previous statements?
Evaluating
Reilly and Karissa have been friends for years. When they are together, they spend a lot of time catching up and sharing their feelings about recent events in their lives. However, when Reilly spends time with another friend, Andrew, she notices that they spend more time bonding through activities such as mini-golfing and surfing, and they often flirt and make jokes of a sexual nature. These differences in Reilly's friendships illustrate the concept that
Friendships differ by sex
"My feelings are hurt" is an example of what kind of statement?
I statement
Silencing your cell phone during meetings, setting filters on your e-mail system to reduce spam, and using your digital video recorder to record and watch your television shows later without commercials are all examples of avoiding which of the following?
Information overload
Jack and Kate are working on a small group project for their political science class. They disagree on how to complete part of the assignment, and the disagreement soon escalates to a full-scale argument. Afterward, they find it difficult to work together, and the entire group is affected. Jack and Kate are demonstrating ____________, meaning that their moods and behaviors influenced, and were influenced by, each another's in a way that affected the group.
Interdependence
Penny is doing a speech on breast cancer survivors. She decides that it would be helpful for the audience to know firsthand, from someone who has survived the disease, what the struggle for survival was like. She meets with Cathy, who has been in remission for five years, to ask questions about the experience. Penny thinks this __________ will help make this topic more personal and emotional for the audience.
Interview
lthough Anna is shy and reserved in her study groups, she applies to be a study group leader at her college student instruction center. She feels that she would be very helpful to others in her major of mathematics and could lead students to success in a challenging subject area. The other applicant for the job, Olena, is more assertive and outgoing. Although Olena is not as strong in math, she ends up getting the position. It is likely that Anna's ____________ made her appear to be a less effective leader to the student instruction center.
Introversion
Sienna joins a sorority on her campus. The group has many goals, including upholding strong scholarship, embracing diversity, and helping in the community. Sienna studies a lot to make sure that she can meet the first goal but finds that she still isn't quite fitting in. After observing her sorority sisters for a few days, she realizes that this group is particularly focused on helping in the community. Sienna could have socialized herself to the group more easily had she first
Learned what matters to the sorority
Lulu disagrees with her friends' position on the war in Afghanistan. She thinks her friends simply aren't informed of the nuances of the situation. Lulu talks at length about her understanding of the conflict, and whenever her friends try to state their opinion, she simply speaks over them. She is sure if they would just listen, they would come to understand and agree with her point of view. Lulu probably believes which communication myth?
More communication is always better
If your goal is to arrive at a win-win situation that maximizes both parties' gains, you are _________________ during conflict.
collaborating
Susan meets Bryant on an online dating website. They e-mail back and forth until Susan feels comfortable with Bryant; she especially enjoys his use of emoji. She agrees to speak with him on the phone, and she finds herself liking him more and more. Bryant is soft-spoken and quick to laugh, and he gives Susan plenty of time to state her opinions without interrupting. Even though Susan and Bryant have yet to meet, they have discovered which principle of nonverbal communication?
Nonverbal communication is present in most communication context
For her informative speech on nonverbal leave-taking behaviors, Harper goes to a local airport when she knows that a group of Marines is being deployed overseas. She observes the different ways families and friends say good-bye to the departing troops. In her speech, Harper then discusses this __________________ as a form of support.
Personal observation
Every time we watch a television commercial, read a pop-up ad on the Internet, or listen to a political speech, someone is using ______ to try to influence what we believe or how we will behave.
Persuasion
Which of the following terms refers to the tendency to judge other cultures' practices as inferior to one's own?
ethnocentrism
Robert is driving Samantha, his girlfriend, home from a party. He notices she is quiet and withdrawn. Robert asks Samantha if she is okay. She replies, "I'm fine," in a snide tone while rolling her eyes. Robert becomes angry and asks what her problem is. Robert is responding to what dimension of Samantha's message?
Relational
The Jones family is having conflict over where to go for vacation next summer. Mac, the father, is annoyed, blaming his wife, Jen, for the conflict because she insists that the decision be based on a vote. Jen is placating everyone, trying to keep the family calm. Meanwhile, Mac and Jen's son Jett is trying to use logic and reason to persuade everyone to agree to his point of view. His twin Jade is uncomfortable with the entire situation, so she is trying to distract everyone with jokes and offhand comments. This scenario is typical of how most conflicts unfold in the Jones household because the Jones family members typically fall into these _________ during conflict episodes.
Roles
Eliza is assigned a persuasive speech in her communication course. When brainstorming, she knows it is important to pick a topic ____________ because it will make preparing her speech more enjoyable, and her presentation will be more engaging for the audience.
She cares about
When McDonald's puts on its roadside signs the phrase "billions and billions served," the company is hoping that you will want to eat where so many other consumers have eaten, based on which principle?
Social validation
Stavros and Craig have been friends and roommates for many years. Lately, Stavros has been feeling dissatisfied in the relationship. He notices that Craig discusses his own personal problems but never seems to have time to listen to Stavros's problems. Craig has a tendency not to clean up after himself. He's also quick to borrow "a few bucks" but never seems to repay the money. According to equity theory, Stavros is feeling dissatisfied in the relationship because he is
Under-benefited
Jordan is responsible for training new employees at the restaurant where she works. She must let them know how to greet customers correctly, where to find the specials for each day, and how to ensure repeat business. What is Jordan's goal during these training sessions?
To inform
Before his death in 2009, Billy Mays was a famous television pitchman for household products such as Mighty Putty and Grater Plater. He was best known for his opening line, "Hi, Billy Mays here." By attempting to sell whatever product he was pitching, Mays was pursuing which goal in his commercials?
To persuade
Pace is asked to give a speech to a local youth group. He considers his experience, hobbies, beliefs, values, and attitudes, how he enjoys spending his time, and what issues are important to him. What question is Pace answering as he brainstorms?
What topics do you care aboiut
During the years of the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, many Muslim students reported feeling excluded at the U.S. colleges and universities they attended. Their experience exemplifies how sometimes we mistreat people we perceive as part of
an out-group
Tetsuya has to speak with her physics professor about a grade. When she arrives at his office, she notices his many degrees from prestigious universities displayed on the wall and his shelves full of thick textbooks. Her professor sits behind a large desk and indicates that she should sit in a small, low chair across from him. The professor's use of _____ proves intimidating to Tetsuya, who finds it difficult to communicate her purpose clearly in that environment.
artifacts
Isabella is new to her high school. She meets a group of girls who call themselves the Girlie Crew. They always dress in purple or pink and refer to one another as "princess" or "diva." After a few weeks, Isabella tends to speak about her school experiences to her parents not in terms of "I" but in terms of "we," and she always dresses in the group's colors. Isabella is most likely in what phase of socialization?
assimilation
Ben and Sasha have not been happy in their relationship for a few months. Sasha finds herself making excuses when Ben goes to kiss or hug her, claiming a migraine or an illness. Ben finds reasons not to be home at night; he likes to work late or go out with his friends. Ben and Sasha are most likely in which stage of relationship deterioration?
avoiding
When the Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote "It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it," he was arguing against
closed-mindedness
Although she knows that the action is wrong, Sarah decides to copy her English term paper from an online source because she has heard from friends at her college that there isn't a strong policy against plagiarism. She knows that if she gets caught, the most severe punishment she will receive is a warning not to cheat again. Because the college lacks a policy that inflicts a sufficient punishment, Sarah is not concerned with the college's _____________ power.
coercive
Tyler has applied for a job at a local radio station. The station manager likes Tyler and thinks he would do well at the station but doesn't have the money in his budget to pay Tyler's asking salary. Tyler cannot afford to take an unpaid internship. Tyler and the station manager come to an agreement on a modest salary. It is far less than Tyler had hoped to make, but by __________________, Tyler is able to secure the position he really wants at the radio station.
compromising
Rose's sister is getting married, and Rose been put in charge of collecting money from all of her sister's friends and buying a nice gift for the couple. Rose is running into difficulty, as the friends can't agree on an amount to give, and some don't want to give as much as others. The friends also continue to debate about which type of gift is most appropriate, a humorous one or a sentimental one. For the group's effort to be successful, Rose should find an effective way to deal with the group's
conflict
Ross and Emma have been dating for a few months. One evening, Ross tells Emma he loves her, by which he means that he likes spending time with her and enjoys her company. Emma understands this word to mean that Ross is going to stay with her forever and that she can plan on a long-term commitment. Which term refers to a difference in emotional meaning, as in the case of the word love?
connotation
Which term describes the totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another?
culture
Wayne and Lindsay go on a blind date, and they both enjoy themselves. At the end of the evening, Wayne tells Lindsay he will call her "soon." Lindsay expects to hear from Wayne by the next day, as that is what "soon" means to her, but he does not call for three weeks. Lindsay most likely made an error during which stage of the communication process?
decoding
Natalie and Xavier have been having difficulties in their relationship for a long time. They've stopped being kind to each another and do not treat each other respectfully. In one particular argument, Xavier accuses Natalie of spending too much time with her friends, but she fires back that he ignores her when they are home. He says that he ignores her because she is always nagging him. Natalie and Xavier's portrayal of themselves as victims and their denial of responsibility for their own behavior are examples of which of the following?
defensiveness
A shoe company isn't sure if the ad campaign for its newest sneaker will be appealing to its customers. The company puts together a focus group made up of individuals of different ages, genders, sexual orientations, and ethnicities. The company knows that it might be more difficult for this type of group to come to a consensus but hopes that given enough time, the group can provide valuable information based on which of its attributes?
diversity
What is considered the most challenging form of listening?
empathic
If you ask someone to "put yourself in my shoes," you are asking that person to practice which of the following?
empathy
Celine asks her professor if she can give a speech on "friends with benefits." The professor agrees, thinking that the speech will focus on the benefits of friendship. Much to the professor's surprise, the speech is about friends who have sex with each another. Celine's professor did not realize that Celine was using a(n) ______ to make the topic sound less explicit.
euphemism
When Tina Wells was a high school student, she wrote product reviews for a local newspaper. Soon, so many companies started sending her products that she assembled a group of friends to help her test the products. By the time she graduated from college, Wells had 250 teenagers reviewing products. Today, Wells is CEO of Buzz Marketing Group, a teen-focused market research firm with nationally known clients. Wells recognized the power that small groups had to do which of the following?
evaluate and advise
Which two elements does the interaction model of communication add to the action model?
feedback and context
When group members engage in ____________, they seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts.
groupthink
Hayden is viewed as attractive by most people who meet her. In class, her professors tend to call on her frequently, and her classmates think of her as outgoing and competent. Hayden could be experiencing the _____ effect.
halo
Sue has an issue with her best friend. Rather than state the problem directly, Sue talks indirectly about the issue so her friend won't be embarrassed. With which type of cultural affiliation does Sue most likely identify?
high context
Maricel is from the Philippines, where she has been taught that certain people or groups deserve more power than others and that respecting power is more important than equality. Maricel is from a ______ culture.
high power distance
Liam's group is trying to come up with ideas for their group project, so each group member creates a list of ideas and notes why each idea has merit. Group members read one another's lists, offering comments about the strengths and weaknesses of each idea. Once Liam gets his list back with the others' comments, he writes his own reactions to those comments, and then the list goes back into the pile so the group can finally make a master list of ideas worthy of additional discussion. Liam's group is using what method of idea generation?
ideawriting
Jane, an American student, tells her Brazilian friend Lucia that it is "raining cats and dogs". Lucia is confused when she looks outside to see only rain falling from the sky. This is an example of a breakdown of which type of communication code?
idioms
Much of the listening you do in class is ________________ listening.
informational
In his sociology class, Jean is working on a group project related to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Because Jean has family in Haiti, his group has asked him to interview family members about their experiences during the event. Because Jean is the only one in his group with access to those data, Jean now has ______________ in his group.
informational power
Alex and Madison have been on a few dates and really like each other. They decide to have a picnic in the park with all of their friends so they can meet each other's social circles. After the picnic, they sit on the beach and talk about their fears and secrets about the past. At the end of the date, Alex tells Madison, "You are really special to me." Alex and Madison are in the _________ stage of relationship development.
intensifying
If your best friend gets a job in another city, you would most likely not sell your home and follow him or her. However, if your spouse or partner got a job in another city, you would seriously consider the possibility of moving. Your different reactions to the same situation, but in relation to different people, correspond to which of the following?
interdependence
In March 2012, the Hall of Fame quarterback and team vice president John Elway of the Denver Broncos spoke at a press conference in which he announced that Peyton Manning would be the new starting quarterback for the team. Elway spoke of Manning's past successes as well as his future potential with the team. After his remarks, Elway welcomed Manning to the stage. Elway's goal in giving the speech was to
introduce
John is able to tell when his mother is annoyed with his behavior just by the look she gives him, because nonverbal communication
is the primary means of expressing emotion.
Alita is appointed to a temporary supervisory position at work when her boss goes on medical leave. Alita is in charge of answering employees' questions, settling conflicts, and approving sick and vacation days. When Alita's supervisor returns, Alita can no longer perform those functions because she has lost her ________ power
legitimate
Which of the following refers to the active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message?
listening
Because of its negative historical connotation, the word Nazi is an example of which of the following?
loaded language
Amish communities in the United States adhere to strict guidelines regarding dress, behavior, and the use of modern technology. This co-culture has a(n) ______ tolerance for uncertainty.
low
Because sources differ in the information they provide, it's often to your advantage to use _______________ when you're preparing a speech.
more than one source
If you are hungry or tired, or if you are in an especially hot or cold environment, you might find it difficult to listen because of what is generally termed
noise
Zach discloses very personal medical information to his therapist, yet Zach does not expect the therapist to confide in him. However, when Zach discloses to his friends, he does expect them to share information with him in exchange for his disclosures. What norm do Zach's expectations about disclosure reflect?
norm of reciprocity
If someone says, "The governor has been ineffective in this crisis," that person is making what type of statement?
opinion
Farah is nervous about her introductory speech but doesn't want anyone to notice. She carefully moderates her rate, keeping it at an even pace. She avoids vocal fillers, and she makes sure to use inflection. Farah is controlling her _____ to give the impression to her audience that she is not nervous.
paralanguage
When you restate something into your own words, you are doing what?
paraphrasing
Fatigue and hunger are examples of ______________ noise.
physiological
Sara decides to host a party for her new American friends. She tells them that the party will begin at 8 p.m. She is shocked when most of her guests arrive at or near 8 p.m., as in her culture an 8 p.m. start time means that guests will arrive around 9 p.m., if not later. Sara hasn't even put food out for the party yet. Sara most likely comes from which type of culture?
polychronic
Misha takes his daughter Tatiana to the mall. He notices a group of rough-looking youths who are swearing and wrestling in front of one store, but Tatiana does not see them. Misha puts his hand on Tatiana's shoulder and gently guides her to the other side of the walkway so as to avoid the group. Misha is using _____ touch to protect his daughter.
power, control
Partners who have been together for ten years should not only appreciate the orderliness and certainty of the relationship but also make sure to incorporate different activities to provide change and newness. By balancing these two needs, a couple can successfully navigate which dialectical tension?
predictability versus novelty
Your brother asks what you think of his term paper. You don't think it is very good, but you decide to go with a more confirming response, saying, "I'm not sure, but then again I never was very good in English." By using a(n) ______________ message, you convey your point of view while inviting alternative views so as not to hurt your brother's feelings.
provisional
Amy's daughter has been attending a particular preschool for two years. Amy has formed bonds with many of the other mothers in her daughter's class. They have regular play dates and even a few "ladies' nights" without the children. Amy genuinely enjoys the time she spends with the other mothers. What most likely attracts her to the other mothers?
proximity
Derrick thinks that his grandfather is boring when he tells stories about growing up on a farm. Derrick doesn't want to be rude, so he nods his head and says "uh huh" and "wow" a lot. His grandfather is hurt by Derrick's ______________, as he can tell that Derrick is not truly listening.
pseudolistening
Ben is doing a speech on communication apprehension in college students. He decides that a(n) ___ would be the most efficient way to see how a large number of speech students feel about communication apprehension.
questionnaire
Proactiv, an acne treatment, has been endorsed by many celebrity spokespeople, including Jessica Simpson and Lindsay Lohan. Proactiv is hoping it will sell more of its products because it believes that these and other celebrities have __________ power that will influence consumers to want to be like them.
referent
When they are arguing, Jill notices that her mother uses gestures to try to control the conflict. Jill's mother raises her hand to get Jill's attention and makes a "zipping" motion across her mouth when she wants Jill to be quiet. Jill's mother also waves slightly when she thinks that Jill should say something. Jill's mother is using gestures as _____ during conflict.
regulators
The Means and Ways Committee at Temple Shalom has been very successful in its fund-raising efforts. Some members are very effective at convincing local businesses to donate goods for an auction. Some members have many community contacts that enable them to turn out many people for events. Still other members have strong organizational skills to make sure that fund-raising events such as auctions are efficient and successful. This group is using its __________ to find success.
resources
What is the last stage of listening, according to the HURIER model?
responding
At work, Les tends to keep his customers at a _____ distance, from about 4 to 12 feet, to convey a more formal, impersonal interaction.
social
Gia's best friend Michelle can be very critical. More often than not, Michelle is angry with Gia or ignores her. Despite her other friends' repeated pleas to end the abusive relationship, Gia sticks it out. Although she finds Michelle's behavior hurtful, Gia can't reconcile this behavior with the fact that Michelle can be kind and thoughtful as well. Gia also believes that Michelle understands her better than anyone else does. Which theory provides an explanation for why Gia maintains a relationship that appears to others to be too costly?
social exchange theory
Opal is the president of the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) at her son's elementary school. She makes a concerted effort to _________ new members to the group by offering new member orientations twice a year, calling new members personally to invite them to upcoming activities, and setting up a mentor program between new members and those in their final year of service.
socialize
Miles sends an instant message to his brother. According to the action model of communication, which term best describes Miles's role in the communication?
source
Chloe wants to be a broadcast journalist when she graduates from college, as she's been told that she's well spoken and highly expressive. She wants to continue to improve herself nonverbally so that she can convey many emotions to her future viewers. Chloe makes sure to observe and interview customer service representatives, counselors, members of the clergy, and local politicians because she understands that to improve her own nonverbal skills, she should
spend time with highly expressive people.
Jamila loves how every time she brings a new friend by her grandparents' house, her grandfather insists on showing pictures of Jamila as a young ballerina. He tells humorous details about how she couldn't keep time and could never remember the steps. Despite its numerous retellings, this family _________ still makes Jamila and her grandfather laugh as they share their history.
story
Friendships between _______________________ are considerably more complicated than other workplace relationships because they include a power difference.
superiors and subordinates
Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of a __________ group.
support
The character of Yoda is a favorite of many Star Wars fans, both for his odd looks and his unique use of the English language. Changing the conventional order of words in a sentence, Yoda might say, "My friend he is" instead of "He is my friend." The uniqueness of Yoda's speech is an example of what type of deviation from English language rules?
syntactic
A parent's saying to a child, "If you want to cry, I'll give you something to cry about" is an example of a
threat
Arwan thinks that his classmate Jasmine is attractive. He invites her for coffee after class, and they discuss basic information, such as what they like to do and where they live. They spend more time together over a period of several months, and Arwan learns more personal information about Jasmine. He also gets to know what she is thinking or feeling simply by observing her nonverbal cues, such as the tone of her voice or her facial expressions. Arwan likes Jasmine more as he learns more about her. Which theory best represents Arwan's experience?
uncertainty reduction theory
If Jamaica takes a "live and let live" approach, preferring as few rules as possible that restrict behavior, we would consider Jamaica to be which type of culture?
uncertainty-accepting
When Helen had lunch with her brother, Gavin, on Tuesday, he confided in her that he was considering getting a divorce from his husband. The next day, when Helen was speaking to her best friend, Tanya, on the phone, she accidentally let slip that Gavin's marriage was in trouble. This demonstrates which of the following negative aspects of self-disclosure?
violation of other people's privacy
During conflicts that arise in their relationship, Gavin and Mia tend to be very negative and quick to express anger and disappointment. They have a hard time listening to each another and instead spend arguments trying to persuade the other person to agree with a particular point of view. Although their arguments are heated, intense periods of affection and "making up" often follow. Which term best applies to Gavin and Mia as a couple?
volatile