COMM 131 CHAPTER 10,11, AND 15

Ben, a former active street-gang member, is now a well-respected leader in a community center in Chicago. In a speech seeking support for the center from a group of area businesses, which of the following would be the most attention-getting way for him to begin his talk?

"I am not who you think I am."

Cory has prepared a speech that contains a transition from the introductory overview of sustainable development trends to the history of housing development codes. Which of the following best represents how the transition should appear in the preparation outline?

(Transition: Before looking at the future of sustainable development, we must understand our city's building codes.)

Which of the following are situations in which a title is likely to be necessary for a speech?

A publicized talk at a professional convention A speech that will be published in the future

Which of the following types of stories would be effective for use in the introduction to a speech?

A story about how a group you were with on a trip saved someone from serious injury or death A little-told story about how someone who is now famous overcame difficulties to achieve success A story about how you learned something surprising about someone close to you

Svetlana is giving a speech in which she advocates for an increase in the US budget for foreign aid. Which of the following speech openers would be a good way for her to capture her audience's attention?

According to Chris Santos, a researcher for the World Food Organization, almost 500 million people depend on foreign aid.

Sonia is preparing a speech about the health benefits of adding more fresh fruits and vegetables to the diet despite the convenience of chips, energy bars, and other processed foods. Which of the following would be the most forceful conclusion to her speech?

As writer Michael Pollan has said, "If it came from a plant, eat it; if it was made in a plant, don't."

Morgan begins her speech by saying, "In Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet says, 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.' When she says this, what she means is that the names of things do not matter. What really matters is what things are. I believe this same concept can be applied to dogs. A lot of people automatically say that pit bulls are dangerous without taking their training or individual personalities into account." What tactic has Morgan used to capture her audience's attention?

Beginning with a brief quotation

Which of the following terms refers to the list of sources used in preparing a speech?

Bibliography

Sydney is preparing a speaking outline for a speech to her English Literature class. Which of the following should she include between the introduction and the main body?

Body --Pause---

Katya is giving a speech about her passion for raising chickens to a group of gardeners in the city where she lives, and she is deciding what to say in the introduction to her speech. Which of the following would likely gain the attention of the audience by directly relating her topic to them?

Chickens help get rid of insects and other garden pests. Composted chicken manure serves as an excellent fertilizer.

Which of the following are included in a speaking outline but not in a preparation outline?

Cues to direct and sharpen your delivery

Which of the following is an example of topical organization?

Describing the four qualifications used to grade diamonds

Which of the following are accomplished in a preparation outline?

Determining what you will say in the conclusion Organizing main points and supporting materials in the body Deciding what you will say in the introduction

Which of the following are tips for preparing the conclusion of a speech?

Do not be long-winded. End strongly. Work out your conclusion in detail.

When Conrad assumed that everyone in his audience would understand his reference to "digital zoom" and "medium-format digital" in his speech on photography, which guidelines for effective informative speaking did Conrad fail to follow?

Do not overestimate what the audience knows. Avoid overly technical language.

In a speech on supervolcanoes, the speaker begins by providing a simple explanation of what supervolcanoes are and how they are formed. Which guidelines for effective informative speeches does this example illustrate?

Don't be too technical. Don't overestimate what the audience knows.

What is a recommended guideline to follow when starting your speech?

Don't start talking immediately.

Todd is giving a speech on the importance of investing. During his speech, he tells the audience that he has a degree in finance and has worked for a major brokerage for 10 years. What has Todd done by sharing this information?

Established his credibility

Which of the following are objectives of the introduction?

Establishing your credibility as a speaker Revealing the topic of your speech Getting the attention and interest of the audience

A speaking outline is the most common form of notes for which type of speech?

Extemporaneous

Which of the following are effective delivery cues recommended for speakers to signal that their speech is about to end?

Fading away or dissolving Using the voice to build to a high point

True or false: A preparation outline can be turned into a speaking outline by removing the title, labels, and bibliography.

False

True or false: Concluding a speech with a dramatic statement will confuse the audience into thinking that the speech continues.

False

True or false: One of the major functions of the conclusion of a speech is to establish your credibility with the audience.

False

True or false: There is no uniform system for creating an effective preparation outline.

False

True or false: Visual aids in a speech should be used only while presenting the main points in the body of the speech.

False

Which of the following are guidelines for preparing the speaking outline?

Follow the visual framework of the preparation outline. Include cues for how to deliver the speech. Be certain the speaking outline is legible.

Which of the following are objectives of the introduction?

Getting the attention and interest of the audience Revealing the topic of your speech Establishing your credibility as a speaker

Pablo is giving a speech on his favorite book. He finishes his presentation by saying, "The finesse with which the author handled the conflict between the two main characters really solidified The Hidden Mind as my favorite book. William Caller is obviously a talented writer whose work will continue to entertain and challenge readers." Why is Pablo's conclusion not effective?

He did not signal the end of the speech.

Nathan asks his audience a rhetorical question. What does he expect from his listeners?

He expects them to answer his question in their heads.

Chris, a veteran, was invited to talk to middle-schoolers about the role of the Marines in Afghanistan, Chris used many acronyms, such as IED, AADS, MEDEVAC, and CBW. Based on this description, why was Chris not an effective informative speaker?

He was too technical.

Megan is giving a speech on the best way to bathe a dog. Which of the following statements would provide the most effective way for her to open her speech and capture the audience's attention?

How many of you have ever owned a dog that got dirty?

Which of the following are guidelines for preparing the preparation outline?

Identify the central idea. Label the introduction, body, and conclusion. State the specific purpose of your speech.

Where should the importance of your topic be stated to gain the interest of the audience?

In the introduction of your speech

Which two of the following are places in a speech that the central idea is often placed?

In the text of the outline Immediately after the purpose statement

Maureen has prepared an outline for a speech that she is giving at a volunteer orientation meeting. She is worried that her speech does not include all its necessary elements. What is the best way for Maureen to ensure that her speech includes all the necessary parts?

Include labels in the preparation outline.

Which of the following are important in preparing an informative speech about a process?

Including a chart or other visual aid Having concise organization Making each step clear

Which of the following are parts that should be labeled in a preparation outline?

Introduction Conclusion Body

Which of the following are statements are true about the introduction of a speech?

It can boost the speaker's confidence. It should make a good first impression to avoid alienating audience members. It establishes rapport between the speaker and audience members.

Mari gives the following introduction for her speech on Yellowstone National Park: "I love the outdoors. Have you ever just sat outside and listened to the birds? It's extremely peaceful and a great way to unwind after a long week at work or school. A park, particularly a national park with a campground, is a perfect place to get out and enjoy the outdoors." Which of the following is true of Mari's introduction?

It does not reveal the topic.

Which of the following are statements are true about the introduction of a speech?

It establishes rapport between the speaker and audience members. It can boost the speaker's confidence.

Which of the following is not a true statement about the conclusion of a speech?

It is the part of the speech in which a speaker should try to establish rapport with the audience.

Which of the following are recommended guidelines for the preparation of a speech introduction?

Keep the introduction relatively brief. Make note of any possible introductory materials you see during research. Be creative and experiment with two or three different openings.

Which of the following is not a guideline for preparing the speaking outline?

Leave out the cues for how to deliver the speech.

Mei is giving a speech on caring for dogs. She has finished speaking on her final main point. Which of the following would be a good choice of words for Mei to signal that her speech is about to end?

Let me end by saying that a dog can be an excellent addition to your family if you take the time to properly care for it. As I've discussed in this speech, caring for a dog includes feeding it quality food, grooming it regularly, and taking the time to exercise it.

Darius is constructing a preparation outline for a speech he will be giving to his class on the effects of climate change. His outline includes the main points "1. Sea level rise," "2. Severe weather events," and "3. Health concerns," each with several subpoints. What is wrong with Darius' outline?

Main points and subpoints should be written in full sentences.

Which of the following is an effective way to reinforce the central idea in the conclusion of your speech?

Making a dramatic statement

Annie is giving a speech on the dangers of drinking and driving and wants to end on an especially dramatic note to reinforce the serious consequences. Which of the following is a dramatic statement that fits Annie's goal?

Maybe you think you can get away with drunk driving, but you can't. Just hope you're caught before you hurt someone.

During her speech on diabetes, Tomia discussed many facts about its causes and how to treat it. However, she forgot to give real-world examples of people who live with diabetes and didn't mention that her mother was recently diagnosed with the disease. What guideline to effective informative speaking did she violate?

Personalize your ideas.

Which of the following are guidelines for effective informative speaking?

Personalize your ideas. Avoid technical language. Avoid abstractions.

Which of the following is not a tip for preparing the conclusion of your speech?

Prepare a long conclusion.

During her introduction Irene says, "Today I would like to discuss tips for building an audience for your blog, including choosing relevant and interesting material, participating in the blogging community, and getting others to link to your content." What has Irene accomplished?

Previewed the body of her speech

Irene has finished the main parts of her preparation outline for an upcoming speech and needs to add a bibliography. Which of the following should she include in her list?

Print and online sources specifically referenced in writing the speech

Which of the following parts of a speech outline should be written in complete sentences?

Quotations Key statistics

Georges is preparing a speaking outline for an upcoming presentation at a regional economics conference. His outline contains a number of points and subpoints, many of which are supported by complex statistics and quotations from his extensive research. Which of the following items should be fully written out in his notes?

Quotations Supporting statistics

In her speech on voting technology, Vanda asked audience members if they had made their voices heard in the last municipal election. What guideline for effective informative speaking did Vanda's question fulfill?

Relate the subject directly to the audience.

Juan is speaking at a senior center about the advantages of buying items online. Knowing that many of his listeners no longer drive, Juan makes a point of mentioning in his introduction that buying online is convenient and eliminates the need to go to a store. What technique for capturing his audience's attention has Juan used?

Relating the topic to the audience

Tara is giving a speech on the how to get a U.S. passport for the first time. During her speech, she tells the audience the requirements for making an application and then the steps that must be followed. In her conclusion, she begins by saying, "In conclusion, when you apply for a passport, you will need proof of citizenship, a photo ID, a filled-out application form, and a photo that meets specific requirements. When you present these items at an acceptance facility, you will also need to pay a fee." How is Tara meeting the major objectives of a conclusion?

She has signaled the end of her speech. She has given a summary of the main points of the speech.

Kristen tried to tell her audience of inexperienced computer users how to design their own Web page. She used computer terminology but did not clearly define those terms. What guidelines for effective informative speaking did Kristen violate?

She used language that was too technical for a general audience. She overestimated how much the audience knew about computer programming.

Which of the following are examples of delivery cues you might include in a speech about President John F. Kennedy?

Slow down Emphasize "what you can do for your country" Pause here

Which of the following best defines an event?

Something that happens

Which of the following is the term for the notes used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech?

Speaking outline

Olivia begins her speech by saying, "My mom was a single mother, but she didn't raise me alone. My uncle James spent hours teaching me to ride my bike, helping me with my homework, and taking me to ballet classes. He was like a dad to me, and we were very close. Then, about five years ago, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. It had metastasized, and two months later, he was gone. I know what you're thinking: he must have been a smoker. But he wasn't. His live-in girlfriend, however, was. Secondhand smoke killed my uncle." What technique has Olivia used to open her speech and capture the audience's attention?

Telling a story

Jana has prepared an outline for a speech on the Hindenburg disaster, in which a large airship caught fire in New Jersey on May 6, 1937. Which of the following would be an appropriate speech title that makes use of the three guidelines for titles?

The Hindenburg Disaster

Which of the following is the best example of a main point in a preparation outline?

The cost of a college education both at private and state schools has risen exponentially in recent years.

Which part of a speech establishes rapport with the audience and boosts the speaker's confidence if done effectively?

The introduction

How is the structure of your speech revealed by the visual framework of your outline?

The pattern of symbolization and indentation reveals the relationship between your ideas.

Which of the following topics would be treated as an informative speech about an event?

The signing of the Declaration of Independence

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between the preparation outline and the speaking outline?

The speaking outline should follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline.

Which of the following comes before the start of the preparation outline?

The specific purpose statement

Which of the following should a speaker assume about his or her audience when giving an informative speech?

They know very little, if anything, about the subject.

What are recommended guidelines for using visual aids in the introduction of a speech?

They should be chosen strategically. They should relate directly to the speech topic. They should be in good taste.

Which of the following is a true statement about transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews?

They should be labeled in the preparation outline but not incorporated into the indentation and symbolization system.

Miriyam begins her persuasive speech on the need for tougher animal cruelty laws by telling a story about a puppy named Sam whose legs were broken when his owner threw him out of a moving car. Which of the following would be an effective way for her to give her speech psychological unity in her conclusion?

Think back to Sam, the puppy I mentioned in the introduction. He eventually healed and lives a happy life, but not every animal is so lucky.

Chati is giving a speech about food from Thailand, where he was born. His audiences consists of his classmates, most of whom grew up in the United States. He introduces the lecture by mentioning that one of the foods he misses most from Thailand is a fruit called durian. He says, "Many people from Southeast Asia, me included, call durian the king of fruits, both because of its large size and its delicious flavor. However, the sharp spikes covering its skin is not the reason why durian is banned from hotels and public transportation in some places." What is Chati's purpose with this introduction?

To arouse the curiosity of his listeners to gain their attention

Which of the following are recommended reasons to keep the speaking outline free of too many details?

To enhance effective, direct communication To help speakers maintain eye contact with the audience

What are major objectives of the introduction of a speech?

To establish your credibility To generate goodwill

What is an essential function of the conclusion?

To reinforce the central idea of the speech

Which of the following is a major objective of the introduction of a classroom speech?

To reveal the topic

Ana gave an informative speech to a driver's education class on how to parallel park a vehicle. Which of the following was most likely her goal?

To teach listeners to perform the process themselves

Desta is giving a speech on building a garden and wants to make sure that she includes a preview statement in her introduction. Which of the following would be a good example of a preview for her speech?

Today I would like to discuss the steps for building your dream garden, including planning the layout, installing features, and planting greenery.

One guideline for the preparation outline is to include the central idea.

True

Which of the following are common recommendations for helping ensure that the speaking outline can be easily seen as you are speaking?

Use large writing or printing. Leave extra spacing between lines.

Which of the following is likely to make a speaking outline worthless?

Using a tiny font to fit as much information as possible onto a small index card

To which of the following should a speaker pay special attention in a speech about a concept?

Using examples and comparisons Avoiding technical language Defining terms clearly

Which of the following should be included in a speech bibliography?

Web sites visited Interviews and field research conducted Print sources consulted

Which of the following statements are true concerning the audience's attention during a speech introduction?

You risk losing your audience if you don't capture their interest in the introduction.

The type of informative speech that explains an idea or belief is a speech about

a concept.

Ending with ______ is the most effective option for reinforcing the central idea in the conclusion of a speech.

a quotation

Donna gave a speech on her company's founder. The type of informative speech she gave was a speech about

an object.

In relation to an informative speech, anything that has a visible, tangible, and stable form is

an object.

According to the guidelines for informative speaking, the language used in an informative speech should be

concrete. personalized. creative.

In order to give an interesting, engaging speech, you should not only follow the guidelines for informative speaking but also be ______ and use language imaginatively, descriptively, and clearly.

creative

A speaking outline for an extemporaneous speech should include

delivery cues.

One way to arouse the interest of the audience is to begin by

giving a provocative fact.

You should establish ______ in the introduction of the speech.

goodwill

The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind is called

goodwill.

A major function of the conclusion of a speech of persuasion is to reinforce the audience's commitment to the central .

idea

As a speaker, you must always relate the speech topic to the interests and concerns of the .

listeners

Informative speeches about concepts are normally

more abstract than other types of speeches.

In the preparation outline, transitions and internal previews of the speech should be

placed in the outline where they will be used in the speech. labeled separately from the symbolization and indentation system of the speech.

The ______ outline is constructed during the process of putting your speech together.

preparation

A ______ statement identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of a speech.

preview

If you are unable to capture the attention and interest of your audience during the speech introduction,

risk losing the audience.

The preparation outline should include the ______ purpose as a way to help you evaluate how successfully the speech has been put together.

specific

Erica begins her speech by saying, "Men in the audience: please stand up. Now I'll ask every other man, starting from this side of each row, to please sit down. Thank you. Those of you still standing represent 1 out of every 2 men in the class. As it happens, that is the proportion of men who will develop some type of invasive cancer in his lifetime." Erica has captured her listeners' attention by

startling the audience.

Karissa is giving a speech about malaria to her class. In her introduction she says, "According to the World Health Organization, about 3.4 billion people—almost one-half the world's population—are at risk for contracting malaria." Karissa is capturing the audience's attention by

stating the importance of her topic.

A good way to reinforce the central idea in the conclusion of your speech is to

summarize your speech.

Fatima is giving a speech on the three uses of apostrophes and ends her speech by saying, "In conclusion, we have looked at the important role of apostrophes in the English language. You now know that apostrophes can indicate possession, form a contraction, and indicate time and measurements." Fatima has

summarized her main points to end her speech.

The hierarchy of a preparation outline indicates

the importance of ideas.

An effective technique to use in the conclusion of your speech to reinforce the central idea is to refer to

the introduction.

To use the speaking outline effectively as a guide while talking, the speaking outline should use the same _______ that was used in the preparation outline.

visual framework