COMM 145 Exam chp 4,5,6&18

Which of the following is an example of ageist language? In many Asian cultures, the old are revered and often looked to for advice by younger generations. When Mallory introduced her grandmother to her teacher, she said, "This is my grandmother Katherine." After raking the leaves in her front yard, Sadie told Tyler that he was a responsible teenager and thanked him for doing the work. The retirement housing community in Jen's neighborhood is designed for people age 65 and older.

After raking the leaves in her front yard, Sadie told Tyler that he was a responsible teenager and thanked him for doing the work.

Which of these speakers is using a question of policy for his or her persuasive speech? Lillian informed the audience that the company had different pay standards for men and women. Amanda said that all the books in the library should be rated for violence. Torie said to the audience that using animals in scientific research is inhumane. Barry said that college mascots minimize the validity of a sports team.

Amanda said that all the books in the library should be rated for violence.

As vice president of student services, Joel plans to institute a waste-free lunch: that is, students will generate only recyclable waste during mealtimes. He realizes that this is a big change, which will briefly increase costs and time for the supplier. What strategy should Joel follow in his first presentation to the campus food service supplier to begin enacting this change? He should demonstrate how similar he is to the suppliers, and how they share his concern for the environment. He should ask for a small change, such as adding receptacles for recyclables in the cafeteria and eliminating nonrecyclable paper goods. He should follow the law of selective exposure by holding back his arguments until he has acceptance. He should provide social proof of other institutions that have enacted this positive change.

He should ask for a small change, such as adding receptacles for recyclables in the cafeteria and eliminating nonrecyclable paper goods

Which of the following suggestions should you follow when using nonverbal communication? Monitor your nonverbal messages with the same care as your verbal messages. Avoid direct eye contact with the speaker to minimize self-consciousness. Include touch in all situations to signify your proximity to the speaker. All nonverbal behaviors are appropriate when communicating.

Monitor your nonverbal messages with the same care as your verbal messages.

When Tessa takes time to analyze and evaluate the message she hears, Tessa is practicing _____ listening.

critical

When the teacher gave back her project, she told Talisha that she had done a good job at finding the right sources. Talisha assumed this meant she earned a good grade and stuffed the project into her bag. When she pulled the project out to show her mom, she cried when she saw a grade of C- at the top of the page. If Talisha had practiced ____ listening she might have avoided this situation.

critical

While many people in the United States give a "thumbs up" to indicate they like something, in Australia this gesture is considered rude. This shows how ____ plays a role in nonverbal communication.

culture

Rather than tell the hostess she didn't eat meat, Candace said "These vegetables are just so delicious they are all I want to eat!" What technique did Candace use to maintain politeness in her communication?

indirect message

Primary affect displays include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

jealousy

Which of the following are women more likely to do than men when having a conversation?

listening

In a persuasive speech based on a question of fact, the speaker should emphasize _____ proof. logical emotional residual physical

logical

Lizzie is nervous before her job interview. But as she walks in, she decides to put her best foot forward by smiling, offering a firm handshake, and looking the interviewer directly in the eye. Lizzie is using nonverbal messages to _____.

manage impressions

Which step of the motivated sequence uses examples, illustrations, statistics, testimony, and other forms of support to prove to the audience that they must learn or do something? action attention need satisfaction

need

In which step of the motivated sequence does the speaker prove to the audience that they must learn or do something?

need step

When you lean in closer to talk with another person, you are using _____ communication.

nonverbal

Henry found it hard to concentrate on what the professor was saying because he is thinking about the concert he is going to tonight. Which barrier to listening is Henri experiencing?

physical and mental distractions

Kaarin tried to tidy up the house while her daughter was explaining what the coach said about the game. She realized it was impossible to concentrate on what her daughter said because she was distracted. Which listening barrier is Kaarin experiencing?

physical and mental distractions

People who suffer from hearing loss have a _____ barrier to effective listening.

physiological

The intent of Max's speech is to urge his fellow voters to outlaw smoking in the five public parks in town. Manuel's speech is based on a question of _____. context fact policy value

policy

Jules never interrupts someone when they are talking and he gets involved in the conversation by nodding his head in agreement and smiling to the other person as they speak. Jules practices _____ listening.

polite

Trudy had heard that Stefan's mother was ill. The next time she saw him at the store, she made sure to ask about her health. Which stage of the listening process is Akansha using?

remembering

According to the book by Deborah Tannen discussed in the text, men focus on _____ when conversing.

reporting information

Which of the following is an example of a lie that is based in antisocial deception? On their first date, Ralph didn't tell Cassie that he was recently divorced. He wanted to tell her the good things about himself before she learned about the divorce. Thomas's mother told him she loved all the sparkly glitter he used on his pictures in preschool even though she grimaced at the mess they made when he brought them home. Bryan decided it was okay to accept the manager's praise on the project even though Celine had done most of the work, but she would be going on maternity leave soon and he hoped to be put in charge of the department. To get back at Kellen for getting a better grade on the test than she did, Laural decided to tell all the other girls in the class that Kellen cheated on the test -- even though she hadn't.

to get back at Kellen for getting a better grade on the test than she did, Laural decided to tell all the other girls in the class that Kellen cheated on the test -- even though she hadn't.

Russell plans to stand up at the retirement home association meeting and speak to the members about whether they should ask the new tenant to leave the property because she refuses to wear her long hair up in the dining hall. Russell's speech is based on a question of _____.

value

A persuasive speech based on a question of policy typically also encompasses a question of _____. values contexts facts objects

values

In the Japanese culture, direct eye contact is often viewed as a lack of respect. In the United States, direct eye contact is seen as an expression of _____.

honesty

The distance at which most people speak with their friends and family is called _____ distance.

personal

Which type of special occasion speech is part persuasion and part information? speech of inspiration speech of tribute speech to secure goodwill commencement speech

speech to secure goodwill

Derek is attending a workshop on using Prezi presentation software. He finds himself comparing it to what he knows about PowerPoint. Which stage of the listening process does this represent?

understanding

A speech based on a question of ____ would seek to strengthen an audience's current beliefs and attitudes. value context policy fact

value

Which one of the following thesis statements represents a persuasive speech based on a question of value? Cheerleaders diminish the reputation of high school athletics.. Video games lead to communication errors. Refuse containers should be banned from the public parks. Teenagers are good candidates for fast-food jobs.

Cheerleaders diminish the reputation of high school athletics.

As part of the jury for a traffic accident case, Lila learns that the defendant's lawyer is a friend of her ex-husband. Lila decides right then that the defendant is probably guilty. Which listening barrier is Lila experiencing?

biases and prejudices

Geoff believes that socialized healthcare is necessary in every country and refuses to listen to anyone who thinks otherwise. Which barrier to effective listening does Geoff demonstrate?

biases and prejudices

Because of her emphasis on fairness for both sides and her concern for tax dollar efficiency, the audience sees Carlene as trustworthy when she is discussing pension reform. Which aspect of her credibility is this referring to? character competence coherence charisma

character

Liam said he liked the speaker because he was really energetic and engaged the audience with funny stories. Which aspect of the speaker is Liam referring to?

charisma

A speaker's perceived ______ is based on the knowledge and expertise the audience thinks he or she has.

competence

In certain countries, government officials are put into office not because of their vast political knowledge but because they have vast amounts of wealth. Which of the four cultural listening influences does this show?

credibility

In most situations, we assume that people are telling the truth. However, in prisons the opposite is true and the ____ bias is prevalent -- prisoners often operate on lies and assume the people who work for the prison system are also lying.

deception

As part of the daily curriculum in her fourth grade class, Isabella asks her students to find the meaning of three words in the dictionary. Isabella wants to know the ____ meaning of the words she assigns to the students.

denotative

How should we as listeners make accurate judgments about others' nonverbal messages?

develop a hypothesis and test its validity

The cultural rules that guide which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate and which are not are called _____ rules.

display

According to author Deborah Tannen, men communicate in order to _____, while women communicate in order to _____. a.build relationships; show dominance b.gain information; display information c. seek common ground; display independence d. display knowledge; build rapport

display knowledge; build rapport

At the end of World War II, many people used their index and middle fingers to flash the "V" for victory sign. This sign is an example of a(n) _____.

emblem

Which of the following statements is correct about the use of emotional appeals in persuasive speaking? Emotional appeals must be used in conjunction with credibility appeals. Emotional appeals seldom rely upon self-esteem or self-actualization. Emotional appeals are not as compelling as other types. Emotional appeals do not constitute proof.

emotional appeals do not constitute proof

During the wake, many mourners simply offered hugs instead of words to the grieving family, an example of nonverbal messages as _____.

emotional expression

When someone tells you a tragic story and you can understand the sadness they feel, you are demonstrating _____.

empathy

A persuasive speech based on a question of _____ would explain what happened during the bombing of Pearl Harbor. value policy fact economy

fact

A persuasive speech that focuses on the question "What are the possible side effects of childhood vaccinations?" is based on a question of _____. value behavior fact policy

fact

Jake told his mom, "The cat is brown and white." Jake is making a(n) _____ statement.

factual

In Japan, it is not considered polite to tell someone he or she did a bad job. It is more important to be positive than to be truthful. In terms of culture and listening, which influence does this demonstrate?

feedback

Which of the following are women more likely to do than men when having a conversation?

give any listening cues

In terms of body communication, which attributes provide significant advantages in a wide variety of situations, according to the text?

height and attractiveness

Tyler told his audience that, just like many of them, he thought that eating processed food couldn't be that bad for you because everyone did it. But he now knew that those foods contain large amounts of sodium that aren't heart-healthy. What principle is Tyler using to demonstrate his similarity with the audience?

identification

When Kenn spread his hands wide to indicate the size of the largemouth bass he caught, he was using which type of gesture?

illustrator

A tool that can help you avoid stereotyping and indiscrimination is the _____, which is a mental subscript that identifies each individual as an individual and not as part of a group.

index

Jerry's persuasive speech advocates mandatory flu shots for every student entering college. As part of his proof, he discusses the efficacy of influenza vaccinations on hospital workers, senior citizens in retirement centers, and prison populations. Which type of logical appeal is Jerry using? anecdotal evidence induction reasoning from sign bandwagon

induction

A salesperson who catches your eye when you walk into a store and smiles at you repeatedly as you browse is using nonverbal messages to _____.

influence

Nance noticed several popular soft drinks and snack foods were included in many of the movie scenes. What was the purpose of these nonverbal messages?

influence the audience

When we say that listening can help you change the attitudes and behaviors of others, this is referring specifically to which of its benefits?

influencing

Taylor had been told by her friends that Delilah was boring so when she ended up sitting next to her at the seminar she didn't even say hello. Taylor is demonstrating a(n) _____ orientation toward Delilah.

intensional

Natasha is always on time and doesn't like it when others are late to meetings. This is a reflection of _____ time.

interpersonal

When Marisol met Xiao, she moved closer to give him a hug and was hurt when Xiao moved away. Her roommate told her later than Xiao was from Japan and felt intruded upon when she went to hug him. Which decoding skill does Marisol need to remember? measure behaviors against a baseline keep the nonverbal message consistent with the verbal message interpret conclusions against the cultural context maintain eye contact

interpret conclusions against the cultural context

Which of the following is a hallmark of critical listening?

keeping an open mind

Ty is attending a recruitment presentation at a major university in his state. He gets so excited about comments on football game day traditions that he misses information concerning which majors are offered by the university. Which listening barrier is Ty experiencing here?

lack of appropriate focus

Mateo was born in Cuba but now lives in Florida. Which cultural identifier would be fitting for his heritage?

latino

While it is not typical to identify a person by their age group, the term _____ is preferred when speaking about someone from an older age group. elder senior citizen senior older person

older person

A culture that is _____ tends to schedule more than one thing at the same time.

polychronic

Lila told her roommate, "I am never going to a lecture for that class again. On the first day, the professor just read from the textbook and I can do that myself." Which barrier to effective listening is Lila showing?

premature judgment

Evan is dividing his speech on safety in inner-city schools into two main parts (1) carrying backpacks in schools provides a vehicle for guns (2) the schools must ban backpacks from the hallways. Which organizational pattern is Evan using for his speech? temporal problem-solution comparison-and-contrast spatial

problem-solution

Language that explicitly or implicitly places an ethnic group or race in an inferior position is called ________ language.

racism

Roberta told the audience that the previous winter was so mild that many of the trees and flowers started to bloom six weeks earlier than usual. Which type of reasoning is Roberta using?

reasoning from cause to effect

When Jessica walked into the room, her roommate yelled at her, "You never throw out the garbage or clean up the room. I am so sick of doing everything myself." In response Jessica said, "Get over it. Last week you left your dirty laundry all over the floor. Leave me alone." Which communication pattern does this demonstrate?

rejection

When a public speaker scans the eyes of the audience, he or she is generally _____.

seeking feedback

When scholars examine gender differences in listening, they seem to agree that _____. a.women display more critical listening behaviors than men b.men display more active listening behaviors than women c.similarities outnumber differences d.listening places the person in an inferior position

similarities outnumber differences

Kaarin smirked at Robert when he said he was on the five-year-plan for college because she thinks everyone should graduate in four years. When a culture has a "right" time to complete important milestones, it is an example of a _____clock.

social

Before the main feature is played at a movie theater, there is usually a funny cartoon on the screen that asks people to respect others and refrain from using their cell phones during the presentation. This cartoon is an example of ______.

social proof

Jordan wants to give equal weight to his three main points for his speech on what caused the Great Depression. Which organizational pattern should he use? motivated sequence chronological spatial topical

spatial

In nonverbal communication, encoding skills are the responsibility of the _____.

speaker

After the recent mass shooting, the president spoke to the nation urging its citizens to remain steadfast in their values and to fight hate with love. This is primarily which type of speech? eulogy speech of tribute speech to secure goodwill speech of inspiration

speech of inspiration

Regina gave Peter the thumbs-up sign to let him know the PowerPoint display was back on. Regina is using a nonverbal message to ____ for a verbal message.

substitute

If a writer uses a smiley in a text message instead of saying "I'm just kidding," this _____ nonverbal expression.

substitutes

An oculesis study is used to research messages communicated by _____

the eyes

Kyle's coworkers come from a variety of backgrounds, and he wants to get to know them better. He invites a few guys to come to his apartment for dinner but is surprised when one man shows up in a suit and tie, clearly expecting a formal meal, not the pizza Kyle has ordered. This is an example of _____. a.the role of translations in listening b.the role of gender in listening c.the role of culture in language d. the role of nonverbal behaviors in language

the role of culture in language

What does our use of different proxemic distances in different circumstances reflect?

the types of communication expected

The signals that communicate your relationship status are called _____ signs.

tie

Alicia and Erin were in the middle of an unpleasant argument about the monthly budget. In exasperation, Alicia raises her hand to indicate "stop." This is an example of which function of nonverbal messages?

to control

Wendy is away at college, and usually talks to her parents every few days. But when they cancel her credit card after receiving a huge bill, she doesn't call them for over a month and ignores their texts and calls. This demonstrates the use of silence _____.

to hurt others

After increased gun violence in her city, Claudine made a passionate speech to the city council urging them to fund a gun buyback program administered by local police. What is Claudine's general persuasive goal? to change attitudes to motivate to action to weaken existing beliefs to strengthen existing values

to motivate action

Organizational pattern is particularly well-suited to speeches on both questions of fact and questions of value? spatial temporal cause-effect topical

topical

Haptics is the study of _____ communication.

touch

Clarissa wants to listen carefully to the speaker to be fair and not judge what he says until after she learns his point of view. Which stage of the listening process is Clarissa using?

understanding

Questions of policy extend beyond agreement on a fact or value; they often _____. are more theoretical in nature seek audience consensus, not just agreement urge the audience to take action ask the audience to examine the costs

urge the audience to take action

Which of these listeners is using backchanneling cues? Amy nodded her head and said "I see" as she listened to Joshua's plans for summer school. Greta got up and closed the window during the presentation because the groundskeeper was mowing the grass and it was very loud. To help him remember everything Mallory was saying, Conrad repeated the names and key concepts to himself. Emma was careful not to judge the speaker before the presentation even though she hadn't liked his recent book.

Amy nodded her head and said "I see" as she listened to Joshua's plans for summer school.

Which of the following is universal when it comes to communication and listening? a.Competence is more important than speaker credibility. b.Direct and honest feedback is valued. c.Each person's meaning system is different than every other person's. d.Nonverbal gestures are similar in meaning.

Each person's meaning system is different than every other person's.

Which of the following is NOT a function of active listening? It encourages the listener to oversimply the message. It helps you check your understanding of what the speaker said. It allows the listener to acknowledge and accept the speaker's feelings. It stimulates the speaker to explore his or her feelings and thoughts.

It encourages the listener to oversimply the message.

Which of the following represents an encoding skill related to nonverbal communication behaviors? Resist leaping to conclusions. Keep your nonverbal messages consistent with your verbal messages. Mindfully seek alternative explanations. Measure behaviors against a baseline.

Keep your nonverbal messages consistent with your verbal messages.

Which of these speech topics is based on a question of fact? Human cloning is not justified in society. Genetically-modified foods are immoral. Late-life pregnancy creates health risks. Medical marijuana should be legalized.

Late-life pregnancy creates health risks.

Which of these is NOT an example of informal time? Molly hugged her grandmother and told her she hadn't seen her in forever. The doctor said he would call with the results immediately. Jenna said she would like the answer to the question as soon as possible. Micah said to meet at the train at 6 o'clock.

Micah said to meet at the train at 6 o'clock

How does an effective speaker help listeners overcome any mental distractions?

The speaker makes his or her message compelling and relevant to listeners.

Which topic would work BEST for a persuasive speech on a question of fact? A liberal arts education is the best strategy for employment success. A large percentage of college students have no declared major. The most popular majors are business administration and communication. Liberal arts colleges should be eradicated.

a liberal arts education is the best strategy for employment success

Anna told her brother that she didn't think she would like his new girlfriend because Anna had seen the way she acted with her previous boyfriend. Anna is demonstrating _____ because she is assuming she knows everything about his new girlfriend.

allness

An individual using this fallacy of reasoning might say, "Well, that restaurant should be closed down. The pasta I had there was overpriced and tasteless." straw man anecdotal evidence testimonial thin entering wedge

anecdotal evidence

Denise told the audience that they might as well shop at the new warehouse store because everyone else in town was. Which fallacy of reasoning does Denise's argument represent?

bandwagon

Within the principle of cooperation, the maxim of manner dictates that you should _____.

be clear, avoid ambiguities, be brief, and organize your thoughts

Devin wants his speech to convince his audience to shop at the small grocery store that sells locally-grown produce rather than the big retail stores. Devin wants his speech to influence the ____ of his audience.

behaviors

The most obvious important function of active listening is the ability to _____.

check understanding

Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of listening?

displaying

Julia, a new nursing graduate, works on a pediatric oncology floor at a major hospital. In her first month on the job, Julia spends much of her time listening to patients' stories and their families' concerns. She soon develops close relationships with all her patients. Julia has focused on _____.

empathetic listening

The acronym FOUR can be used to help you remember information. What does the "F" stand for in this acronym?

focus

Jenner didn't know if he could believe Lila. He noticed that she frowned during most of her presentation on property taxes but she concluded the speech by saying the village government would make the best choice for the community. What is the BEST way for Lila to improve her nonverbal communication?

keep nonverbal messages consistent with verbal messages

Sloane reviewed Maslow's hierarchy of needs and decided to use the safety need as the basis for her speech on carbon dioxide detectors for the home. Sloane will be using ____ to appeal to her audience.

pathos

Which of the following does NOT describe a useful strategy for moving information from short-term to long-term memory?

resist evaluation until you understand

During the first semester, Madison struggled to understand and get along with her roommate. She now wants to improve her active listening skills in hopes of changing the situation. Toward this goal, you advise Madison to use all of the following strategies EXCEPT to _____. ask her roommate questions paraphrase her roommate's meaning express understanding of her roommate's feelings use assimilation to filter her roommate's ideas through her own expectations

use assimilation to filter her roommate's ideas through her own expectations

When a speaker says we should restrict immigration into our country because "soon there will be no jobs left for 'real Americans,'" he is using which type of appeal? logos ethos pathos eros

pathos

Joyce tends to think of people as either kind or mean. She demonstrates the characteristics of _____.

polarization

The board president told the management team that merging with the foreign company would provide them with new opportunities for product development and could quickly lead to greater sales and profits. This is a persuasive speech in the work setting based on a question of ____.

value

The minister's weekly sermon is designed to strengthen the beliefs of her congregation. Her speech is based on a question of _____.

value

The _____ of an audience reflect their thoughts on what is good or bad, ethical or unethical

values

If a researcher was studying a culture and its paralanguage, the study would include _____.

variations in rate

According to the text, one of the most important things to remember when evaluating another person's nonverbal messages is to _____.

resist jumping to conclusions

An indicator of what we feel is ethical or unethical, just or unjust is a(n) _____. value attitude belief behavior

value

A persuasive speech based on a question of policy would address _____. what did or did not happen what is just or unjust what is true what procedures should be adopted

what procedures should be adopted

Which of these students is using a nonverbal message to complement what they are saying? Kellen shook her head in disbelief as she told her classmates about the accident that took her brother's life. During his report, Dominick winked at the class when he said, "All teachers are great." When she asked the teacher about her initial draft of the essay, Jorie said "Does it sound all right?" and had a questioning look on her face. Shakeen lowered her voice to a whisper during the presentation when she wanted her audience to understand how to behave in the library.

Kellen shook her head in disbelief as she told her classmates about the accident that took her brother's life.

A speech that asserts we should support compassionate assisted suicide is which type? speech on a question of value speech on a question of fact speech to inform speech on a question of policy

speech on a question of value

When it comes to emotion and culture, it is most accurate to say that _____. what is classified as emotion differs significantly from culture to culture while emotions may be experienced similarly in different cultures, they are displayed differently emotions are decoded similarly in different cultures, and they are experienced differently emotion display choices are generally culturally universal

while emotions may be experienced similarly in different cultures, they are displayed differently