Comm Research Quizzes 5,6,7
Choose the research term that describes an extension of the t-test.
ANOVA
After reading a quantitative research article, you should:
All of these answers
Analysis:
All of these answers
The focus group moderator
All of these answers
When dealing with unexpected results:
B & C only
The model for qualitative research demonstrates:
C and D
A researcher using qualitative methods should rely on his or her first impressions of the interaction.
False
All percentages are computed on 100 as the base
False
Analytical memos are written to share with research participants.
False
Calculating and identifying an acceptable level of intercoder reliability is fairly straightforward.
False
Computer programs can easily replace the researcher in analyzing qualitative data.
False
Content analysis is especially fruitful when researchers content analyze texts or messages without first specifying hypotheses or research questions.
False
Correlation equals causation.
False
Correlation tests for curvilinear relationships.
False
In content analysis, the frequency with which elements occurs is always a direct reflection of this element's value.
False
In field interviewing, debriefing the respondent is not necessary because qualitative data were collected.
False
In preparing for observing in the field, a researcher using qualitative methods would restrict the literature review to only studies that also report qualitative methods.
False
Interaction analysis is best used to code the messages of an individual giving a speech.
False
Intercoder reliability is calculated for either unitizing reliability or for categorizing reliability as calculating reliability for both decisions in content analysis is unnecessary.
False
Most distributions of scores have only one score that occurs most often.
False
Researchers using qualitative methods try to provide a degree of objectivity to their research report by minimizing the voice of participants.
False
Statistical tests for relationship are limited to two variables.
False
Tables and graphs should be well identified and labeled. Description of the table or graph is not required in the text.
False
The brief conclusion and description of statistical tests in the results section eliminates the need to interpret the results in the discussion section.
False
The primary advantage of using qualitative methodologies is that it is easier to distance yourself from the interaction and the interactants enabling you to draw more objective conclusions.
False
The problem statement is the same as and can act as a substitute for hypotheses and research questions.
False
Training coders for an interaction analysis research project will eliminate all differences in their application of the coding
False
Choose the research term that includes both the literature that supports and contradicts the researcher's position.
Literature Review
Choose the research term that describes how the research study was executed.
Method section
In conducting field interviewers, the researcher:
None of these answers
Choose the research term that describes "the researcher views the interaction as someone inside the system while others know and accept that research is being conducted."
Participant-as-observer
Which of the following statements is not true?
Qualitative research is not empirically based.
Choose the research term that describes "the conclusions of statistical tests are presented without interpretation."
Results section
Choose the research term that describes "the reporting accuracy is critical in this section.
Results section
A correlation coefficient can range from -1.00 to +1.00.
True
A researcher conducting a qualitative study must balance what is being observed with what he or she knows or can draw upon from the scholarly literature.
True
A significance level of .05 means that 5 out of 100 findings that appear to be valid will, in fact, be due to chance.
True
As a general rule, if more than 5% of coded elements in content analysis falls into the "other" category, the category system needs to be revised, or coding procedures need to be reexamined.
True
Because of its focus on subjectivity, qualitative research uses credibility to evaluate the quality of data interpretation.
True
Categories used in content analysis can be derived from theory or previous research, or can emerge from the data.
True
Even when the results do support the researchers' expectations, the results must be reported.
True
For ANOVA to be statistically significant, the between-groups variance must be greater than the within-groups variance.
True
Having specified and systematic rules and procedures for selecting and coding content in content analysis helps to decrease coders' subjective analysis.
True
In a skewed distribution, the mean is always pulled to the side with the long tail.
True
In analyzing qualitative data, researchers must ask themselves many questions about the data and the interaction scene to develop a credible interpretation of the data.
True
It is likely that a researcher will collect more field notes than can be used.
True
It is possible that the difference the researcher predicts in the hypothesis is not the difference that will exist in the data.
True
Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency.
True
Multiple regression allows the researcher to determine the relative importance of each variable to the regression relationship.
True
Regardless of how the research hypothesis is stated, there is a complementary null hypothesis.
True
Researchers use inferential statistics to determine if the relationship observed in the data is stronger than the relationship that might occur due to chance.
True
The null hypothesis is retained until there is sufficient statistical support for accepting the research hypothesis.
True
The quantity of data collected in a qualitative research project makes it difficult to find a coherent and meaningful representation.
True
The reference list must be complete and without error because it is the mechanism by which readers track backward from the research report to find other research reports.
True
To compute the median, the data must be arranged in order from lowest to highest score.
True
When using some form of participant observation, a researcher looks for interdependence among the people observed, the social situation, and the context in which the interaction occurs.
True
Choose the research term that describes "researcher misses claiming a difference or relationship that is real."
Type II Error
In qualitative research, research questions:
all but A
Degrees of freedom:
are a way in which researchers account for variation due to error.
Choose the research term that describes "the permission to observe is legitimated through the researcher's role as participating fully in the interaction."
complete participant
In content analysis, manifest content is the:
description of the characteristics of the content itself.
Researchers compute the coefficient of determination to:
determine the amount of shared variance for a significant r value
Inferential statistics are used to:
draw conclusions about a population by examining the data from a sample.
Content analysis and interaction analysis are similar in that:
each is a method for analyzing content of interaction.
Ethnography is best described as the
holistic description of interactants in their cultural or subcultural environment.
Open Coding
is unrestricted and is the first pass through coding
The further out a score is on the distribution, the:
more extreme the score
A spurious correlation is:
one in which a third variable influences the nature of the relationship between the two variables tested.
Thematic analysis is based on participants' conceptions of their communication. Themes are designated by the criteria of:
recurrence, repetition, and forcefulness
In the results section, the minimum information needed to be presented for each hypothesis or questions is:
statistical test used, the results of the test, the significance level of the test, and a written description of the statistical test as support for or rejection of the hypothesis, or connecting the result of the statistical test to the answering of the research question.
Choose the research term that describes the statistical test for determining differences between two groups of the independent variable on a continuous level dependent variable.
t-test
When a researcher uses an ANOVA, you can assume that:
the independent variable is nominal level data and the dependent variable is continuous level data.
As a quantitative method, content analysis is used:
to produce frequency counts for each coded element so they can be compared.
After reading the method section of a quantitative research report, you should know:
what the researcher did to collect the data