COMM2613 Midterm

If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ______. Defamation. Personification. Plagiarism.

Plagiarism.

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment is called ______ listening. Empathic Appreciative Comprehensive

Appreciative

____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas. Imaging Brainstorming Channeling

Brainstorming

______ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. Stage Fright Adrenaline

Stage Fright

Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers. T/F

True

Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker. T/F

True

It is normal—even desirable—to be nervous at the start of a speech. T/F

True

People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity. T/F

True

______ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. Focusing Visualization Representation Channeling

Visualization

Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ______ responsibilities. Ethical. Psychological Sociological

ethical

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______. cues feedback prompts

feedback

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______. frame of reference cognitive screen psychological filter attitudinal field

frame of reference

In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against what? A set of ethical standards or guidelines. The practicality of taking that course of action. A set of legal criteria for acceptable speech. The speaker's goals in a given situation.

A set of ethical standards or guidelines.

What does critical thinking include? Seeing the relationships among ideas. Judging the credibility of statements. Assessing the soundness of evidence. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which of the following violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says? Juggling statistics. Quoting out of context. Citing unusual cases as typical examples. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? Visualize yourself giving a strong speech. Focus on communicating rather than on being nervous. Be thoroughly prepared for each speech. All answers are correct..

All answers are correct..

Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called ______ listening. Sympathetic Comprehensive Critical

Comprehensive

What are the two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking? Appreciative listening and empathic listening. Empathic listening and comprehensive listening. Comprehensive listening and critical listening. Critical listening and empathic listening.

Comprehensive listening and critical listening

______ listening is listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. Sincere Comprehensive Empathic Critical

Empathic

______ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

Ethics

______ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. Ethnocentrism Egocentrism Elitism

Ethnocentrism

Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question. T/F

FALSE

Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence. T/F

False

Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, the resulting spare "brain time" makes listening easier. T/F

False

Hearing and listening are identical. T/F

False

It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim—not when paraphrasing. T/F

False

Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is. T/F

False

Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright. T/F

False

Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas. T/F

False

Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word.

False

The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose. T/F

False

The larger an audience becomes, the greater is the speaker's ethical responsibility to be fully prepared. T/F

False

To improve your listening, you should think of listening as a passive process. T/F

False

Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills. T/F

False

While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. What was Scott doing? Missing the message due to the error of ethnocentrism. Sending feedback about the message to the speaker. Filtering the message through his frame of reference. Empowering the speaker to make a change in the world.

Filtering the message through his frame of reference.

Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. Which of the following is true? Gabrielle is guilty of no ethical offense because Ken willingly gave her his speech. Gabrielle is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because she took her speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. Gabrielle is guilty of incremental plagiarism because she took ideas or language from two or three sources and passed them off as her own.

Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education." It's too political. It expresses the speaker's opinion. It contains two unrelated ideas. All answers are correct.

It contains two unrelated ideas.

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea levels." It's too vague. It's too persuasive. It's too impersonal. It's too trivial.

It's too vague.

______ is the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups. Name-calling. Ethnocentrism. Hyperbole.

Name-calling.

______ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation. Restrained Anxiety Positive Nervousness Performance Anxiety Focused Nervousness

Postive Nervousness

What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism? Show respect for the cultures of the people they address. Assume that their personal values are shared by all the audience. Agree with the beliefs of all groups and cultures. All answers are correct.

Show respect for the cultures of the people they address.

What is the first step toward improving your listening skills? Develop note-taking skills. Concentrate on a speaker's evidence. Accept the speaker's frame of reference. Take listening seriously.

Take listening seriously

Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed. T/F

True

Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals. T/F

True

Listening and critical thinking are so closely allied that training in listening is also training in how to think. T/F

True

Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback. T/F

True

Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years. T/F

True

Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases. T/F

True

When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening as number one. T/F

True

Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? Be prepared to fail in your first few speeches. Tell the audience how nervous you get when speaking. Work especially hard on your speech introduction. All answers are correct.

Work especially hard on your speech introduction.

______ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view. formal. friendly. active.

active

The ____________ is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech. signpost central idea internal summary hypothesis

central idea

Ivan is attending a union meeting in which the union president is discussing the company's plan to decrease wages in exchange for an increase in vacation time. As Ivan listens, he is trying to determine whether or not to vote for the plan. According to your textbook, Ivan is engaged in ______ listening. Passive. Emphatic. Appreciative. Critical.

critical

Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it is called ______ listening. critical argumentative judicious logical

critical

At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ______ listening. active empathic appreciative critical

empathic

Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ______ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people. normal technical incremental

incremental

When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer. inform persuade entertain

inform

According to your textbook, ______ is anything that impedes the communication of a message. interference blockage distortion

interference

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?" its too specific. its too technical. its expressed as a question.

its expressed as a question

When a speaker ____________, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words. illustrates rationalizes paraphrases

paraphrases

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called ______ plagiarism. global patchwork incremental admissible

patchwork

When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________. inform persuade entertain

persuade

"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n) hypothesis. internal preview. specific purpose statement. topic summary.

specific purpose statement.

The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech. introductory statement. general purpose statement. specific purpose statement. central idea.

specific purpose statement.