Communicating effectively Chapter 12

audience relevance

A statement expressing why an audience should care about the topic.

internal preview

A transition that lets the audience know the specific information that will be discussed next in the presentation.

nonverbal transitions

A transition that utilizes physical movement to indicate the move from one point to another point in a presentation.

section transitions

A transition to indicate that a speaker is moving from one main point to another main point.

problem-cause-solution pattern

An organizational pattern used to show the problem and cause of a particular topic and then to persuade the audience about a particular solution.

Which of these is an effective way to grab the audience's attention in the introduction?

Ask a rhetorical question.

Which is an accurate statement regarding speechmaking and time considerations?

Cutting main ideas to shorten a speech can weaken your argument.

TRUE/FALSE: When adding more content to a speech that is running short, you need to avoid speaking more slowly to fill time, since this will bore your audience.

False

______ is a popular five-step organizational pattern for persuasive speaking.

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Which of the following numerations indicates the main points of an outline?

Roman numeral (I, II, III)

full-sentence outline

a formal outline that uses complete sentences (use when you first learn how to outline a presentation)

rhetorical question

a question asked of an audience to encourage thinking about a topic that does not invite an actual audience response

direct question

a question asked of an audience to encourage thinking about a topic that invite an actual audience response

anecdote

a story told using detail, imagery, or humor

internal summary

a transition that reminds listeners of major points already presented in a speech before proceeding to new ideas

personal experience

a true or hypothetical story to help the audience relate to the speaker

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

an organization pattern that encourages the audience to take steps toward helping solve the need you suggest. The steps include: Attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

topical pattern

an organization pattern used when information is grouped around

cause-and-effect pattern

an organizational pattern that addresses a topic in terms of a cause and its effect on another entity.

chronological pattern

an organizational pattern that focuses on the exact ordering of information that matters for the topic

spatial pattern

an organizational pattern which the content of a speech is organized according to relationships in space

keyword outline

an outline that uses words and phrases used in the speaker notes

In the ______ step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, the speaker captures the audience's interest.

attention

Signposts

brief phrases or words that let the audience know exactly where you are in the presentation

A ______ organizational pattern involves ordering information according to an important sequence of steps or events.

chronological

You plan to give a speech about the different stages of sleep and dreaming. Which organizational pattern would be best?

chronological

Narrative fidelity occurs when our story ______.

closely matches our lived experience

The way a story hangs together and makes sense is known as narrative ______.

coherence

Giving statements or ideas of equal importance an equal position on your outline is called ______.

coordination of points

When you make sure that ideas of equal status are given equal status in the outline, you are keeping in mind the importance of ______.

coordination of points

TRUE/FALSE: In-text citations are only important in a written paper that you do not plan to deliver as a speech, and you do not need to include in-text citations in the outline for an oral presentation.

false

TRUE/FALSE: Walt Fisher coined the term Homo narrans, which means 'narrative coherence.'

false

TRUE/FALSE: When constructing the body of your speech, you should take as much time as you need to fully develop the complexity of each point.

false

A ______ outline is typically used when you first learn how to outline a presentation, though you likely won't use it while speaking.

full-sentence

______ citations are used in outlines to show were you found your information by mentioning the author's last name and year of publication.

in-text

A ______ outline is typically used to assist the speaker in delivering their speech.

keyword

Establishing the problem that your speech will address occurs in the ______ step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence.

need

The primary purpose of telling stories is to ______.

pass along information

Time consideration

refers to the amount of time you are asked to speak.

quotation

repeating a saying from a speech, movie, book, or song

A strong speech conclusion should be sure to ______.

restate the thesis and main points

Transitions

sentences or phrases that connect what you were just speaking about with what you will be speaking about next

Words and phrases such as "finally," "in other words," and "to clarify" are all examples of ______.

signposts

A ______ organizational pattern involves presenting information with reference to location or physical relationship.

spatial

The speech conclusion should ______.

summarize the main points of a speech

organizational pattern

the specific pattern used to organize a presentation

narrative coherence

the story hangs together and makes sense

narrative fidelity

the story matches our own lived experiences

The term ______ refers to the amount of time you've been asked to speak.

time consideration

The most commonly used organizational pattern is ______.

topical

TRUE/FALSE: As storytelling animals, Fisher argues that we make decisions based on our historical and cultural stories.

true

TRUE/FALSE: Each point in an outline should only contain one main idea.

true

TRUE/FALSE: Having less time than you thought is, in many ways, a harder problem than having more time than you expected.

true

TRUE/FALSE: If you discover that you have less time for your presentation than you initially thought, a good way to shorten your presentation is to leave out some examples or questions.

true

TRUE/FALSE: If you discover that you have more time for your presentation than you initially thought, a good way to expand your presentation is to add a Q&A session at the end of your speech to engage your listeners more fully.

true

TRUE/FALSE: Storytelling is a crucial component of building communities and relationships.

true