communication mid term

Why was Plato suspicious of rhetoric? [p. 23, II] a. The possibility of its misuse to manipulate and deceive. b. All citizens might learn how to speak persuasively. c. It would be the demise of the Academy. d. It was too difficult for the average person to learn. e. He was suspicious for all of the above reasons.

a. The possibility of its misuse to manipulate and deceive.

Three-year-old Elena calls every adult male "Daddy" because she doesn't yet make cognitive distinctions among men. This is an example of __________. a. a simple cognitive system b. a complex cognitive system c. certainty vs. provisionalism d. focus on abstract constructs e. reliance on multiple schemata

a. a simple cognitive system

Life scripts __________. a. are the outcome of a largely unconscious process of internalizing the rules, roles, and basic climate for living that we learn from our immediate family b. are direct definitions that through labeling, tells us who we are and how to behave c. are broadly shared perceptions we learn throughout our lifetime from peers and social institutions d. are self-concepts we gain through disclosing e. are forms and patterns of affective and cognitive relationships styles

a. are the outcome of a largely unconscious process of internalizing the rules, roles, and basic climate for living that we learn from our immediate family

Lisa wants some time alone because she feels a need to get in touch with herself as an individual. However, she also feels the need to share experiences with her partner Bob and cherishes the time they spend together. The tension these different needs are generating within Lisa illustrates which relational dialectic? a. autonomy/connection b. novelty/predictability c. commitment/love d. spontaneity/routine e. closedness/openness

a. autonomy/connection

Making a decision to remain with a relationship is known as __________. a. commitment b. investments c. passion d. personal relationship e. social relationship

a. commitment

Miguel's big graduation party had been planned for weeks. His best friend approached him the day before the party and told him, "I won't be able to make it to your party because something came up." Miguel was shocked. He felt that his best friend was either in big trouble over something or that they weren't really friends after all. What kind of relationship rule was Miguel following? a. constitutive b. regulative c. arbitrary d. concrete e. contextual

a. constitutive

Nonverbal communication involving touch is called __________. a. haptics b. Gestures c. Phatics d. Kinesics e. Dianetics

a. haptics

The type of cultures in which people act relatively independent of others in the culture. a. individualistic b. collectivist c. communistic d. high-context e. selfish

a. individualistic

The term referring to body position and motions is __________. a. kinesics b. olfactics c. haptics d. proxemics e. artifacts

a. kinesics

Smiles, friendly touches, shaking hands are all signs of __________ in Western societies. a. liking b. power c. interaction d. negotiations e. awareness

a. liking

The statement "we should not let old geezers drive" is an example of __________. a. loaded language b. hypothetical thought c. self-reflection d. responsiveness e. abstraction

a. loaded language

The process of communication that aims at sustaining intimacy in romantic relationships in face of changes within the partners and the surrounding context is known as __________. a. navigating b. ludus c. performance d. mania e. euphoria

a. navigating

Bart tries to concentrate during a particularly difficult lecture, but finds that he is more focused on the instructor's unique dialect and delivery style. This is an example of __________. a. noise b. feedback c. transaction d. social diversity e. both a and c

a. noise

Communication skills are vital to civic life because __________. a. our society is socially diverse in nature b. personal disclosures are important c. the connection between communication and identity d. communication directly influences our well-being e. all of the above are reasons why communication is vital to civic life

a. our society is socially diverse in nature

Textual analysis is an example of which type of research approach? a. qualitative b. survey c. critical d. quantitative e. historical

a. qualitative

Mark decided to drop Professor Yang's course after only the first week because he felt he did not like her accent. He told a friend later that, "We pay good money to go to school here. They should at least hire teachers who sound like one of us." His attitude reflects __________. a. resistance b. tolerance c. understanding d. respect e. participation

a. resistance

Don goes to class on Friday but the instructor is not present. The teaching assistant announces that the instructor is ill and there will be no class that day. When Don comes to class on Monday, he notices that students are handing in an assignment to the instructor. He discovers that the TA told students that even though there was no class Friday, they had a homework assignment to complete. Don's failure to attend to that part of the TA's message reflects which aspect of the perception process? a. selection b. organization c. personal constructs d. stereotypes e. interpretation

a. selection

The most simplistic communication models are __________. a. transactional b. interactional c. linear d. bifocal e. directional

c. linear

The type of communication styles used by individualistic cultures which are very explicit, detailed, and precise are __________. a. high context b. social communities c. low-context d. ethnocentrism e. cultural relativism

c. low-context

Catching yourself in the process of self-serving bias is most likely the result of __________. a. inference b. lower cognitive complexity c. monitoring d. scripts e. prototypes

c. monitoring

Scholars use quantitative research methods to gather information in which of the following forms? a. ethnography b. textual c. numerical d. symbolic e. syntactical

c. numerical

Tina and her sister were very close when they were growing up. They kept each other's deepest secrets. Once Tina got married, she and her sister had weekly phone conversations to keep in touch. After a particularly long phone conversation, Tina's husband asked her what was going on with her sister. Tina said, "Oh, nothing much." Her husband knew this wasn't true, but didn't ask any more questions. What relationship dialect does this reflect? a. autonomy/connection b. novelty/predictability c. openness/closedness d. neutralization e. separation

c. openness/closedness

Which is the most abstract term in the following words? a. Tiger Woods b. golf c. physical activity d. sport e. professional athlete

c. physical activity

Annika says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day. However, Kathy didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of __________. a. construct differentiation b. stereotyping c. self-serving bias d. internal attributions e. scripting

c. self-serving bias

The social, symbolic, and material practices of a social group that shape its members' perspectives and communication processes are known as __________. a. understanding b. co-cultures c. standpoint d. ethnocentricism e. relativism

c. standpoint

1. According to surveys of companies, the most important quality they look for in a job applicant is __________. a. technical skill b. a degree from an accredited university c. the ability to communicate effectively d. practical experience e. a willingness to relocate

c. the ability to communicate effectively

The openness of a system is __________. a. the extent to which a system strives to sustain equilibrium b. the extent of interaction within a system c. the extent to which a system affects and is affected by outside factors and processes d. the extent of absolute balance in a system e. the extent to which someone is willing to communicate

c. the extent to which a system affects and is affected by outside factors and processes

Gary is conducting an organizational communication study by using two different methodologies. He is giving the employees a questionnaire and he is also reviewing the minutes of the company's Board meetings over the past three years. Gary's research approach is a good example of: a. distributive methodology b. quantitative research c. triangulation d. qualitative research e. hybrid methodology

c. triangulation

The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is known as __________. a. Johari Window b. social comparison c. uncertainty reduction d. reflected appraisals e. self-disclosure

c. uncertainty reduction

Phil attends a party being held in honor of a visitor from Great Britain. Phil notices that the visitor doesn't stand very close to those who are talking to her. Phil doesn't assume that the visitor is being rude or unfriendly; instead he wonders how personal space preferences in Great Britain differ from those in the United States. Phil is practicing __________. a. resistance b. toleration c. understanding d. respect e. participation

c. understanding

Jamie had problems in her math class and finally began to tell herself that she would never understand math. Jamie had failed to follow which suggestion for personal growth and awareness? a. self-disclose appropriately b. assess yourself fairly c. set realistic goals d. avoid self-sabotage e. create a supportive context

d. avoid self-sabotage

In general, which of the following characteristics best describes a management style favored by many women? a. impersonal b. highly directive c. issue Oriented d. collaborative e. all of the above

d. collaborative

The literal meaning of a message is referred to as __________. a. relational level of meaning b. connotative level of meaning c. bypassed meaning d. content level of meaning e. inferential level of meaning

d. content level of meaning

The stage in an interracial relationship in which the couple struggles with external pressures is __________. a. racial awareness b. identity emergence c. navigating d. coping e. escalating

d. coping

Harry and Sally have had a long, loving, and stable relationship. We would expect that this couple __________. a. would speak a great deal with each other, continually revealing a prodigious amount of new information b. discloses more now than they did in the formative years of their relationship c. discloses more salient than trivial information d. discloses less now than they did in the embryonic stages of their relationship e. a and b

d. discloses less now than they did in the embryonic stages of their relationship

Institutional facts are the meanings we attach to brute facts based on __________. a. objective decisions b. concrete experiences c. specific activities d. human interpretation e. higher levels of abstraction

d. human interpretation

The study of our perception of odor and scents is known as __________. a. artifacts b. proxemics c. haptics d. olfactics e. kinesics

d. olfactics

The process nature of communication means __________. a. a given interaction has a definite beginning and ending b. what happens in one encounter has little impact on other encounters we have c. communication rarely, if ever, changes d. our interactions with others are ongoing and dynamic e. we can stop communicating

d. our interactions with others are ongoing and dynamic

Vocal communication that is not actual words is known as __________. a. chronemics b. artifacts c. proxemics d. paralanguage e. kinesics

d. paralanguage

The study of space and how people use it is known as __________. a. kinesics b. olfactics c. haptics d. proxemics e. artifacts

d. proxemics

Howie isn't sure how smart he is until his teacher in first grade tells him she thinks he is very bright. Howie later tells his parents "I am a bright boy." The process by which Howie developed a view of his intelligence is __________. a. indirect definition b. self-fulfilling prophesy c. script d. reflected appraisal e. social comparison

d. reflected appraisal

Relationships which are governed more by what we do than who we are, are __________. a. personal relationships b. casual relationships c. friendships d. social relationships e. unique relationships

d. social relationships

According to Aristotle, which of the following is NOT a persuasive "proof"? a. logos b. pathos c. ethos d. tanthos e. all of the above are "proofs"

d. tanthos

Gus says he wants to go out to dinner and suggests a pizza at Uno's. His best friend Jim replies, "Ah, that's where we always go. I'm bored with Uno's. Let's go somewhere different tonight." Gus says, "But I feel really comfortable at Uno's, it's so familiar." The tension between Gus and Jim reflects __________. a. the autonomy/connection dialectic b. the closedness/openness dialectic c. the dominance/subordination dialectic d. the novelty/predictability dialectic e. the trust/intimacy dialectic

d. the novelty/predictability dialectic

Organizational culture can best be defined as __________. a. understanding of the power hierarchy within an organization b. understanding personal relationships on the job c. understanding how to better productivity in an organization d. understanding an organization's identity and codes of thought and action e. all of the above are definitions of organizational culture

d. understanding an organization's identity and codes of thought and action

Which of the following is a script? a. the dictionary definition of a co-worker b. how a co-worker measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent c. the person who is the best example of a co-worker to you d. your idea about how you should act in specific situations with a co-worker e. your expectation of how a co-worker will behave

d. your idea about how you should act in specific situations with a co-worker

The study of communication is more than __________ years old. a. 3000 b. 4100 c. 5000 d. 3200 e. 2500

e. 2500

Which of the following statements demonstrate that Adam is taking responsibility for his thoughts and feelings? a. You are really irritating me. b. You are making me look foolish. c. This is the last time you are going to humiliate me. d. You really make me feel happy. e. I feel hurt by what you are saying.

e. I feel hurt by what you are saying.

A clear understanding of how social perspectives influence our sense of self and guide our behaviors, attitudes, and values should be based on __________. a. blind acceptance of norms b. fixed, absolute truths c. our immediate point in time d. the dominant cultural values e. a critical judgment about what we personally accept

e. a critical judgment about what we personally accept

As we interact with the generalized other, we learn which aspects of identity society considers important. Which of the following is emphasized in modern Western culture as key aspect(s) of personal identity and value? a. race b. gender c. sexual orientation d. socioeconomic class e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Men who are socialized in masculine communities typically __________. a. are competitive b. build friendships by doing things together c. prefer jokes that include aggression and sexual references d. focus talk on solving problems or getting things done e. all of the above

e. all of the above

To assess ourselves effectively, we should __________. a. make reasonable social comparisons b. place judgments of ourselves in context c. realize that who we are is always in process d. assess ourselves in the perspective of time e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following is an area of study in the discipline of communication? a. interpersonal communication b. public communication c. organizational communication d. mass communication e. all of the above are areas of study in the field of communication

e. all of the above are areas of study in the field of communication

All of the following influence perceptions EXCEPT __________. a. social roles b. cognitive abilities c. cultural factors d. expectations e. all of the above influence perception

e. all of the above influence perception

Primary among the reason(s) researchers have found on why people do not practice safe sex is/are __________. a. they don't care b. they found it embarrassing to talk about sex c. drugs and alcohol impaired their rational thought d. a and b e. b and c

e. b and c

Nonverbal physiological characteristics belong to a category called a. artifacts b. proxemics c. kinesics d. paralanguage e. physical appearance

e. physical appearance

The idea that any culture includes a number of social groups with distinct perceptions, identities, and ways of interacting is associated with __________. a. standpoint theory b. person-centeredness c. multilingual orientation d. constructivism e. systematic desensitization

a. standpoint theory

Mike arrives at his class after the students and teacher have already begun discussing the topic for the day. Mike doesn't make any contributions during discussion. Based on what you know, which of the following is (are) inferences about Mike? a. He was late getting to class. b. He hadn't read the assignment so he couldn't contribute. c. Jed didn't contribute to class discussion, either. d. Class began before Jed arrived. e. Both B and C are inferences

b. He hadn't read the assignment so he couldn't contribute.

Symbols can be described as __________. a. appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors b. abstract, arbitrary, and ambiguous representations of other things c. a group of interrelated parts that affect one another d. figures which cause absolute balance in a system e. anything that interferes with the intended meaning of communication

b. abstract, arbitrary, and ambiguous representations of other things

Words are not the things they represent. In other words, words are __________. a. ambiguous b. arbitrary c. verbal d. unconscious e. abstract

b. arbitrary

Nathan just moved into a new apartment and spent the first day hanging pictures, putting out souvenirs of important times, and placing favorite objects on the bookshelves. Nathan has relied on what form of nonverbal communication to personalize the new apartment? a. paralanguage b. artifacts c. kinesics d. proxemics e. appearance

b. artifacts

Things that others see in us but we do not see in ourselves are known in the Johari Window as __________ information. a. hidden b. blind c. unknown d. uncritical e. open

b. blind

Scholars identify and challenge communication practices that oppress, marginalize, or otherwise harm individuals and social groups in __________ research. a. quantitative b. critical c. organizational d. operational e. interpersonal

b. critical

Research has shown that babies in dysfunctional families are touched less often and less affectionately than babies in healthy families. This type of nonverbal behavior is referred to as __________. a. kinesics b. haptics c. olfactics d. proxemics e. artifacts

b. haptics

Which of the following is a personal construct? a. the dictionary definition of a co-worker b. how a co-worker measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent c. the person who is the best example of a co-worker to you d. your idea about how you should act in specific situations with a co-worker e. your expectation of how a co-worker will behave

b. how a co-worker measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent

Our perception of when a given interaction begins and ends is known as __________. a. totalizing b. punctuation c. reappropriation d. hypothetical thought e. abstraction

b. punctuation

"I don't approve of the gay lifestyle, but I can accept it." This response reflects which of the following orientations to cultural diversity? a. resistance b. tolerance c. understanding d. respect e. participation

b. tolerance

Which is not an example of nonverbal communication? a. symbols that aren't words b. words used to describe an action c. tone of voice d. facial expressions e. posture

b. words used to describe an action

Single-mother Michelle worked two jobs while her daughters were growing up so they could have everything they need. This style of loving is known as __________. a. mania b. ludus c. agape d. eros e. storge

c. agape

Ray is very attentive and supportive to his son Robbie when he is sober, but when Ray drinks he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Robbie never knows which way his father will act. If the father is Robbie's primary caregiver, Robbie is likely to develop which attachment style __________. a. fearful b. secure c. anxious/ambivalent d. dismissive e. defensive

c. anxious/ambivalent

If you identify with a culture that emphasizes collective well-being, you are most likely to __________. a. rank personal freedom as more important than an orderly society b. think an honor reflects primarily on the individual who earned it c. avoid self-promotion d. state your position directly or strongly e. all of the above

c. avoid self-promotion

The number of personal constructs used, how abstract they are, and how elaborately they interact to shape perceptions is called __________. a. interpersonal communication b. cognitive depression c. cognitive complexity d. schemata theory e. reified perception theory

c. cognitive complexity

According to Wood, the ability to feel with another person is called __________. a. cognitive complexity b. mind reading c. empathy d. inference e. self-serving bias

c. empathy

The relationship level of meaning __________. a. is the connection between symbols and things b. focuses on the meaning of sounds only c. expresses the relationship between communicators d. is not a process e. is only found in verbal expression

c. expresses the relationship between communicators

"One day I won't have to worry about money. One day I'll make a great salary." These statements illustrate __________. a. arbitrary thought b. loaded language c. hypothetical thought d. symbolic organization e. symbolic evaluation

c. hypothetical thought

The verbal symbols we select to use are not intrinsically connected to what they represent. This is known as __________. a. ambiguity b. abstraction c. brute meaning d. arbitrariness e. institutional meaning

d. arbitrariness

Nonverbal communication is estimated to account for what percentage of the total meaning of communication? a. Less than 12% b. 16-39% c. 41-53% d. 65-93% e. 100%

d. 65-93%

The study of communication, power, and empowerment, especially as it relates to the issue of who is and who is not allowed to speak in a society, is strongly influenced by which philosopher? a. John Dewey b. Plato c. George Herbert Mead d. Michel Foucault e. Kenneth Burke

d. Michel Foucault

Which of the following is not a regulative communication rule? a. Children should not interrupt adults. b. We do not talk about private issues in public. c. Call out "Amen" in response to the pastor. d. Sticking your tongue out at someone is rude. e. Applaud at the end of a speech.

d. Sticking your tongue out at someone is rude.

Communication is __________. a. a process b. systemic c. symbolic d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above