COMP - HOA: 602 - 815

1. Basilican Churches, 2. Baptisteries

Early Christian Structures

1. Notre Dame Cathedral, 2. Paris Canterbury Cathedral, 3. King's College, 4. Canterbury Town Halls, 5. Skippers house @ Ghent

Gothic Buildings

The Louvre 1546 to 1878 Architect: Pierre Lescot Location: Paris, France Building type: palace, art museum Construction system: cut stone bearing masonry Style: French Renaissance - also designed by Catherine de Medici, J.A. du Cerceau II, Claude Perrault etc. - IM Pei: design the glass pyramid, which serves as the main public entrance Palais Royal - commissioned by Cardinal Richeliev - original name: Palais Cardinal - 17th century - Daniel Buren: stripped columns Arc de Triomphe - Napoleon, the french emperor decided to build a very big arch of triumph, which stands at the top of the Champ Elysees Pompidou Centre 1972 to 1976 Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano Location: Paris, France Building Type: modern art museum Construction system: high-tech steel and glass Style: High-tech modern - a cost of $100,000,000 with an average attendance of approx 7 mil people a year - massive structural expressionist cast exoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube Notre Dame de Paris 1163 to 1250 Architect: Maurice de Sully Location: Paris, France Building Type: church, cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone Style: Early Gothic - one of the most celebrated Gothic cathedrals in France - twin towers marking the entrance - probably the most famous French Gothic art Paris Opera House 1857 to 1874 Architect: Charles Garnier Location: Paris, France Building type: theater, opera house Construction system: masonry, cut stone Style: Neo-Baroque - polychrome facade, opulent staircase - commission by competition - masterpiece of 19th century architecture - one of the largest and most opulent theaters in the world - false ceiling painting by Marc Chagall Elysee Palace 1718 Architect: Claude Mollet - official residence of president of France Hotel de Invalides - Napoleons tomb is within the structure - founded by Louis XIV for disabled soldiers - late 17th century La Madeleine Architect: Napoleon I - church of St. Marie Madeleine - constructed as a church in 1842 - surrounded by 52 corinthian columns Chartres Cathedral 1194 to 1260 Location: Chartres, France Building type: cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Gothic exemplar - the elevation was in three tiers as it had no gallery and the vaulting was quadripartite, which eliminated the need for alternating supports - supreme monument of High Gothic art and architecture Rheims Cathedral - one of the greatest monument of Gothic art and architecture - construction commerced by Jean d' Orbais and was completed by Robert de Coucy - a work of remarkable unity and harmony Eiffel Tower 1887 to 1889 Architect: Gustave Eiffel Location: Paris, France Building Type: exposition observation tower Construction system: exposed iron Style: Victorian Structural Expressionist - dominates the sky line of Paris - one of the most famous landmarks in the world - built for Paris Exposition of 1889 Sorbonne - most famous building at the University of Paris

French Architecture

1. Ziggurat of Ur, 2. persepolis, 3. hall of the hundred columns

Ancient near East (mesopotamia) Buildings

1. Cupola Roofs (dome shaped roof or dome on roof), spanning with arched squinches, the square chamber angles, lantern roof and coffered dome, an elaborate system of hexagon, each containing the statue of Buddha 2. The "SIKHARA" & "PAGODA" temples survive. 3. A monumental pillar generally supporting a metal superstructure adorned with mystic symbols, groups of divinities and portraits statuary of royalties. 4. Windows have intricate lattice screens and roof have red curved tiles, metal gutters and projecting cornice and fancifully decorated with carving, embossing, tinkling bells and hanging lamps. 5. The monastery is fortress-like sited on hill tops. 6. Pillars and beams are painted "yellow or red" and "painted silks" hang from the roof.

Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet

1. Neo-classic & Greek revival was followed 2. Baloon frame was introduced 3. The skyscraper was contributed related to metal frame construction 4. The non-load-bearing curtain wall & the elevator

American Architecture

1. a "regime" of reinforced concrete and galvanized iron 2. Neo-Classical styles

American Period

1. the White House Architect: James Hoban Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814, porticos 1824 to1829 Style: Georgian Neoclassical - official residence of the United States of America, for the last 200 years 2. Capitol of the United States Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch Location: Washington, D.C. Date: 1793 to 1830 Style: Neoclassical - meeting places of the US congress, the national assembly of the USA, consisting if the house of representatives and senate 3. National Gallery of Art Architect: John Russel Pope - houses one of the finest collections of painting, sculptures, and graphic arts in the world 4. Washington Monument Architect: Robert Mills Location: Washington, D.C. Style: Neo-Egyptian - the obelisk is the only remnant if the original blueprint that remains - with george marsh, competition 1836, standard egyptian proportion of 10:1 height to base 5. Golden Gate Bridge 1933 to 1937 Architect: Joseph Strauss Location: San Francisco, California Building type: suspension bridge Construction system: steel frame, steel cables Styles: Structural Modern with some Art Deco details - one of the longest bridge in the world - a powerful and elegant human structure in an equally beautiful natural location - overall bridge length of 9266 ft or 2824 meters - bridge main span lenght of 4200 ft or 1280 meters 6. Saint Patrick's Cathedral Architect: James Renwick Location: New York - shaped like a latin cross - the largest roman catholic cathedral in the US - designed in a gothic revival materials at english and french gothic style 7. Boston Empire State Building, 8. English Country Houses 9. Bungalows

American Structures

Temple of Heaven Location: China - 700 acre enclosure built by the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle - means perpetual help Hagia Sofia 532 to 537 Architect: Isidoros and Anthemios Location: Istanbul, Turkey Building type: church Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Byzantine - a tremendous domed space - built as the new cathedral of constantinople by the emperor justinian - a masterpiece of Byzantine archi - additional minarets when the church became a mosque Cathedral of Siena Location: Southern Italy - incorporated Gothic elements in a strongly mediterranean design Pisa Cathedral 103 to 1350 Location: Pisa, Italy Building type: church complex Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone, white marble Style: Romanesque - "Pisa Cathedral with Baptisery, Campanile and Campo Santo, together form one of the most famous building groups in the world - the cathedral complex includes the famous leaning tower, la torre pendente - white marble with colonnaded facades Florence Cathedral 1296 to 1462 Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio Location: Florence, Italy Building type: domed church, cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Italian Romanesque 1296 - Cathedral begun on design by Arnolfo di Cambio 1357 - Project continued on a modified plan by Francesco Talenti 1366-7 - Talenti's definitive design emerged calling for an enormous octagonal dome 1418 - competition for construction of dome 1420 - technical solution for vaulting proposed by Brunelleschi approved and construction began The Duomo - dome by Brunelleschi 1436 - church consecrated Krak des Chevaliers 1150 to 1250 Location: Syria Building type: fort Style: Medieval - crusader castle - the best preserved and most wholly admirable castle in the world Alhambra 1338 to 1390 Location: Granada, Spain Building type: palace Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Moorish (Islamic) - the palace of Nasrid Dynasty - most beautify remaining example of Western Islamic Archi - built as a cathedral in the mid 1200s - "hall of justice" - noted from its elaborate stalactite (maqarnas) decoration Casa Batllo 1905 to 1907 Architect: Antonio Gaudi Location: Barcelona, Spain Building type: apartment building Construction system: concrete Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau - uses animal styles all through-out the structure Casa Mila 1905 to 1910 Architect: Antonio Gaudi Location: Barcelona, Spain Building type: multifamily housing Construction system: masonry and concrete Style: Art Nouveau - expressionistic, fantastic, organic forms in undulating facade and roof line - light court - it could be compared with the steep cliff walls in which African tribes build their cave-like dwellings Sagrada Familia 1882 to 1926 Architect: Antonio Gaudi Location: Barcelona, Spain Building type: church Construction system: masonry Style: Expressionist - Church of the Holy Family - uncompleted during Gaudi's lifetime - crowned by four spires Taj Mahal 1630 to 1653 Architect: Emperor Shah Jahan Location: Agra, India Building type: Islamic tomb Construction system: bearing masonry, inlaid marble Style: Islamic - onion shaped domes, flanking towers, built for wife Mumatz Mahal - located on the Jumna River - Museum for Mogul emperor's consort

Asian & Spain Architecture

1. Picturesque values 2. Reflected in the predilection (liking) for highly textured, colorful materials, asymmetry & informality. 3. palazzo style was a triumph of national ecclesiasticism 4. New functions & techniques produced new forms 5. Taller buildings were designed due to concrete & cast iron frames. 6. New materials were used due to the effect of canals 7. Railroad systems, central heating & elevator or lift

Britain Architecture

1. Westminster New Palace (House of Parliament), London 2. Crystal Palace, London [???] 3. University Museum, Oxford 4. Red House, Kent 5. Cathedral @ Guildford

Britain Buildings

1. Stepped Temple Pyramid, terraced on a hill 2. Using stone without mortar fitted perfectly and numerous colossal towers 3. Religious buildings overlaid with ornamentation of Chinese characters, surfaces often finished with porcelain tile 4. Walls are white stucco, (wall plaster) 5. multi-leveled overlapping timber roofs 6. Gables and bargeboard decorated with Hindu iconography. 7. Doors and window shutters are of carved wood, lacquered in black and gold.

Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia

1. Novel development of the Dome to cover polygonal and square plans of churches 2. Tomb & baptisteries by means of "pendentives" 3. 'Fresco" decoration using marble & mosaic

Byzantine Architecture

1. St. Sophia, Constantinople 2. St. Mark, Venice

Byzantine Structures

1. Roof ridges are laden with elaborate ornamental cresting and the up-tilted angles are adorned with fantastic dragons and grotesque ornament.(distorted bizarre) 2. Roofs one on top of the other using S-shape enameled tiles. 3. Roof framing in "rectangle" and not triangle. 4. Use of bright colors 5. Column brackets are decorated with birds, flowers and dragons.

China

1. Repetition of standard bays, both plan & elevation, an affinity (similarity) with bay system, programmatically adopted with the introduction of iron construction

Continental Europe

1. Eiffel tower, [???] 2. New louvre, 3. Paris Opera House, 4. Paris & cologne.

Continental Europe Buildings

1. Widely Spaced Columns carrying semi-circular arches 2. Basilican Churches have 3 to 5 aisles, covered by a simple timber roof 3. Mosaic decoration added internally 4. separate buildings used for baptism or baptisteries

Early christian Architecture

1. Sphinx 2. Pyramids, Pyramid of King Zoser Architect: Imhotep - earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient world, the step pyramid (c. 2630 BC) of King Zoster at Saqqara, Egypt - consists of six terraces of receding sizes with a one staba: The Great Pyramid - The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the world, measuring 230m 3. Obelisks, 4. Mastaba Tombs, 5. Great Temple, 6. Abu-Simbel - dedicated chiefly to Re-Harakhti, God of the rising sun - built during the reign of ramses II (1304 - 1237 BC) 7. Temple of Luxor - or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor, Egypt, 18th dynasty king - dedicated to Amon-Re, king of Gods - built of sandstone for the quarries of Gebel Silsila 8. Temple of Khons

Egyptian Buildings

British Museum 1823 to 1847 Architect: Sir Robert Smirke Location: London, England Building type: art and historical museum, library Construction system: masonry, cut stone Style: Victorian Ionic façade,Classical Revival - includes one of the world's great library rooms - Glazed roof over restored courtyard by Norman Foster Salisbury Cathedral 1220 to 1258 Location: Salisbury, England Building type: Cathedral (church, temple) Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone Style: English Gothic - Cathedral of Saint Mary - an outstanding example of the Early English Archi style - tallest in England 404 ft (123 cm) - use of Purbeck marble to create a strongly coloured ____ ? Queen's House 1616 to 1635 Architect: Inigo Jones - the greatest of English Classical architect Location: Greenwich, England Building type: large house Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Palladian, Late English Renaissance - was built by Jones for Anne of Denmark, wife of James I Somerset House 1776 to 1786 Architect: William Chambers Location: London, England Building type: government offices and art school Construction system: cut stone masonry Style: Neoclassical - Home of Royal Academy of the Arts, corinthian orders above arched courtyard apertures, rusticated base Saint Paul's Cathedral 1675 to 1710 Architect: Sir Christopher Wren Location: London, England Building type: church Construction system: masonry, brick, timber and cut stone Style: Late renaissance to Baroque - the dome peak at 366 above pavement - a masterpiece of Baroque architecture - largest cathedral in England Chiswick House "Burlington House' 1729 Architect: Lord Burlington Location: Chiswick, England Building type: large house Construction system: bearing masonry Style: Palladian Westminster Palace 1836 to 1868 Architect: Sir Charles Barry Location: London Building type: seat of government, government center Construction system: cut stone bearing masonry Style: English Gothic Revival Big Ben - the clock tower best known is a great symbol of London - originally seat of kings at a royal residence Durham Cathedral 1093 to 1280 Location: Durham, England Building type: church, cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone Style: Romanesque - one of the most impressive Normal Romanesque style in Europe - has a reciprocal influence on the architecture of Normandy - the rib vault covering of Durham Cathedral is the oldest example that has survived Glasgow School of Art 1897 to 1909 Architect: Charles Rennie Mackintosh Location: Glasgow, England Building type: college Construction system: bearing masonry Style: art and crafts, art nouveau Buckingham Palace Architect: sir George Goring - built during the reign of King James I

English Architecture

1. Pointed arch 2. buttress, flying buttress 3. gargoyles, decorated vaulting 4. rose & lancet windows ploughshare twist 5. variety of open roofs (trussed, tie-beam, collar)

Gothic Architecture

1. Acropolis, Parthenon -temple Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias Location: Athens, GreeceStyle: Ancient Greek Doric - on the historic Acropolis, Doric exemplar 2. Erectheum _ Architect: Mnesicles Location: Athens, Greece Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic - has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On the Acropolis, uses grade change 3. Agora, Epidaurus Theater Architect: Polykleitos Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros, Greece Style: Ancient Greek - and the quality of its acoustics make the Epidarus theatre one of the great architectural achievements of the fourth century - largest and best preserved ancient theaters in Greece - can accommodate 14,000 spectators 4. ODEION theatre, 5. stoa, - ancient covered walkway, usually with a wall on one side and a row of columns at the other 6. Mausoleum Sarcophagus, 7. open hillside theatres

Greek Buildings

1. Hindu worship is an individual act 2. Buddhist religious buildings or shrines took the form of STUPAS (Buddhist shrine or pagoda), and are designed for congregational use. 3. Mouldings have BULBOUS character 4. The TORUS moulding is used 5. Various BAS reliefs depicting scenes of daily life and story of Buddha 6. The female form in its voluptuous (sensual) form is often used

India / pakistan

famous walled city within a city; seven gates; completed 1872; made of bricks and hard adobe from the Pasig River quarries; wall are 45 ft thick and rise 25 ft above the moat;

Intramuros

1. Bulbous or onion dome 2. Minarets 3. stalactite moulding 4. cresting: decorative roof ridge: an ornamental ridge on a roof 5. painted arch

Islamic Architecture

1. The great mosques, 2. Damascus & Cordoba, 3. Kiosk @ Istanbul 4. Taj mahal mausoleum @ Agra 5. Tomb of Humayun, Delhi

Islamic Buildings

1. Light and delicate timber construction is refined by a minute carving & decoration 2. Dominant roofs characterized by their exquisite (beautiful/superb) curvature, supported by a succession of brackets 3. Upper part of the roof is terminated by a gable placed vertically above the end walls 4. Rooms are regulated by a "KEN" Tatami mats. 5. Love of nature: using stone, lantern & bonsai.

Japan

"1. roofs at 45 degrees gradient or less 2. use of bricks, limestone, hardwood, capiz shells (G.I. sheets and clay tiles or "tisa""

Late Spanish Period

1. beehives, 2. huts 3. caves 4. tents 5. stonehenge, england 6. igloos

Pre Historic Period - Structures

1. Free-standing glass sheath suspended on a framework across the face of the building or curtain wall. 2. Art Noveau and Bauhaus was developed 3. Enormous Spans unobstructed were at length achieved with concrete. 4. Steel is used in space-frame

Modern International

1. Salginatobel Bridge, 2. Einstein Tower, Eirch Mendelsohn 3. Chapel of Notre Dame, Le Corbusier 4. Johnson Wax Building, Frank Lloyd Wright 5. Falling Water, Frank Lloyd Wright 6. Dulles International Airport, Eero saarinen 7. Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd wright 8. Sydney opera House, Jorn Utzon 9. Geodesic dome, Buckminster Fuller

Modern International

1. Use of indigenous (natural) materials for houses like bamboo, palm leaves, sturdy wooden posts, carved wooden sidings, cogon grass roof. 2. Spanish-style high-pitched roofs, 3. Capiz shell windows, barandillas, balconies, 4. Coconut shell & wood design. 5. Much use of galvanized iron sheet for roofing

Philippines

1. Temple Pyramid of the Sun, 2. Citadel Teotihuacan, 3. Temple of the Giant Jaguar, 4. Great Plaza of Tenochtitlan Machu Picchu, Peru

Pre Columbian Bldgs (Maya, Aztec, Peru, Mexico)

"shrine of freedom", designed by Father Antonio Cedeno, with Diego Jordan as engineer

Real Fuerza de Santiago (Fort Santiago)

1. Rusticated masonry, (rough masonry) 2. Quoins, Balusters 3. domes or raised drums 4. pediments one within the other 5. rococo 6. baroque style 7. mansard roof 8. salon

Renaissance Architecture

1. Palazzo Ricardi @ Florence, 2. St. Peter's PIAZZA, 3. Cathedral Vatican, 4. Palais du louvre, 5. Paris Chateu Maisons, 6. St Paul's Cathedral, London, 7. Guild Houses @ Brussels

Rennaissance Buildings

1. The Pantheon 118 - 126 Architect: Acrippa Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman - great domed hall with oculus - oculus - a single circular opening - one of the great spiritual buildings of the world - it was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church - revived the use of brick and concrete in temple Architecture 2. Forums,Trajan's Forum 100 - 112 Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus Location: Rome, Italy Style: Roman - composed of an arc or arched arcade - most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing - largest known forums 3. Basilicas 4. Thermae, 5. Amphitheatres, 6. Colosseum Coemeteria, Colosseum 70 - 82 Architect: Vespacian and Domitian Location: Rome, Italy Style: Ancient Roman - 3/4 columns and entablatures, Doric in the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in the third, face the three tiers of arcades - largest roman amphitheater - designated to hold 50,000 spectators - had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave easily and quickly 7. Triumphal arch, 8. gateways, 9. aqueducts

Roman Buildings

1. Ribbed & panel, cross vaults; 2. plaster strips, arcades, rose windows, 3. Sober (serious/ not fanciful)& dignified style 4. Formal massing depends on the grouping of towers and the projection of transepts & choir.

Romanesque Architecture

1. St, Zeno, 2. Maggiore Monastery, 3. Leaning Tower, 4. Cathedral & Baptistery of Pisa, 5. Castles, fortifications, 6. chateus, Manor houses

Romanesque Buildings

1. Rock Temples, with square or octagonal pillars 2. A circular relic house (wata-dage) built in stone & brick is an outstanding architectural creation. 3. Architecture of wood, with high pitched roofs, with wide eaves, slightly curved, finished with small flat shingles and terra cotta tiles. 4. Windows with lacquered wood bars, carved timber doorways, ornamental metalwork door furniture, painted walls.

Sri Lanka