Complex Sentences
Correct Fragments by:
1) add what is missing (subject, verb) 2) attach the fragment to the sentence before or after it.
Compound Sentence
2 or more simple sentences joined by 1) comma and one of the FANBOYS, 2) semicolon or 3) semicolon and transitional. Example: I like to study grammar: therefore, I love this class.
Dependent Clause = Subordinate Clause
contains a subject and a verb. Begins with a subordinating conjunction and thus does not express a complete thought. Example: Because I like to study grammar
Comma Splice
created when 2 complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined together by only a comma
Run-On
created when 2 complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined together incorrectly without the proper punctuation and are written as one sentence.
Complex Sentence
a simple sentence (indepenedent clause) to which a dependent clause (part of a sentence) has been added. Example: Because I like to study grammar, I love this class .
Subordinating Conjunction = dependent word
after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, whenever, in order that, now that, once, rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, in case, where, whereas, whenever, whether, which, while.
Fused Sentence
Created when 2 complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined together without ANY punctuation
Coordinating Conjunction = FANBOYS
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
2 Types of Run-Ons
Fused sentences and Comma Splices
Sentence Fragment = Incomplete Sentence
Group of word that looks like a sentence but is missing a subject, verb or a complete thought
Simple Sentence = Independent Clause
Has one subject and one verb, expresses a complete thought and ends with a period or semicolon. Example: I like to study grammar.
Trouble Spots:
A word group that starts with 1) a preposition 2) dependent word (subordinating conjunction) 3)-ing verb form 4) to and a verb 5) an example (such as..)
Avoiding Sentence Fragments
Be alert for strings of prepositional phases that never get around to establishing a subject verb relationship.
Independent Clause Punctuation
Semicolons are only used between 2 independent clauses.
Dependent Clause Punctuation
Since dependent clauses are only part of a sentence,you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon.
Correcting Run-Ons:
between 2 independent clauses add: 1) a period 2) a semicolon 3) a comma and a coordinating conjunction or 4) a dependent word