CompTIA A+ Certification 220-1001 & 220-1002

IMAP4

*Internet Message Access Protocol -access mail on a central server -mail is usually stored on the server -supports folders and server-side searching *Configuration info -name of IMAP server -username and password

Zigbee

*Internet of Things networking AKA(IoT) -Open standard -IEEE 802.15.4 PAN *Alternative to WiFi and bluetooth -longer sistances than bluetooth -less power consumption thn WiFi *Mesh network of all Zigbee devices in your home -light switch communicates to light bulbs -tell Amazon Echo to lock the door *Uses the ISM bandwidth -industrial, scientific, and medical -900 MHz and 2.4 GHz frequencies in the US

NAT

*Network Address Translation

PAT

*Port Address Translation

Z-Wave

*Properietary home automation networking -IoT -control lightss, locks, garage doors, etc *wireless mesh networking -nodes can hop through outher nodes on the way to the destination *uses the ISM band -No conflicts with 802.11

POP3

*Protocol 3 -used for downloading mail to local mail client -downloads and (optionally) deletes from server -retrieving email on mobile device *Configuration info -name of POP3 server -Username and password

RJ11 Connector

- 6P 2C (6 position, 2 conductor) - RJ14 uses 6P4C for dual-line use -telephone connection

Network cabling standards

- EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) develops standards for industry standards start with RS-# (recommended standard) or EIA-# - TIA ( Telecommunications Industry Association) standards, market analysis, trade shows, etc. ANSI/TIA/EIA - commercial building Telecommunications cabling standard

Thunderbolt cable

- High-speed serial connector - Data & power - based on MDP (miniDisplay port) • Throughput - Thunderbolt v1 : 10Gbps perchannel - Thunderbolt v2 : 20Gbps aggregated channels - Thunderbolt v3 : 40Gbps * Copper 3meters, optical 60meters

RJ45 connector

-8P8C -modular connector -similat on shape to an RJ48C + 8p4c, used with T1/WAN data lines

IPv4 sockets

-Server IP address, protocol, server application port number -Client IP address, protocol, client port number *Non-ephemeral ports (aka permanent port numbers) -ports 0 - 1,023 *Ephemeral ports (aka temporary port numbers) -ports 1,024 - 65,535

SMTP

-Simple mail transfer protocol *send mail form a device to a mail server -or between mail servers -you usually send from a local or trusted device -authentication usually required

SDR SDRAM

-Single data rate SDRAM -synchronized with clock cycles (very slow) -168 pins

MIMO

-multiple input multiple output

802.11b

-oct 1999 -Operates in the 2.4 GHz range -11 Mbit/s

802.11

-original wireless standard -October 1999 * Operates in the 5 GHz range -54 Mbit/s

Plenam planning

-traditional cable jacket PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - fire-rated cable jacket FEP (fluorinated ethylene polymer) low-smoke PVC not as flexible

802.11g

-upgrade to b in june 2003 -2.4 GHz -54 Mbit/s

802.11n

-upgrade to g, b,and a in oct 2009 *2.4 GHz or 5 GHz -40 MHz channel widths *600 Mbit/s -40 MHz mode and 4 antennas -MIMO

802.11ac

-upgrade to n in Jan 2014 -5 GHz -160 MHz channel bandwidth -6.8 Gbit/s -eight MU-MIMO streams (MU- Multi-User)

Intel LGA 1150

1,150 pins, LGA package Socket H3 Released in 2013 -Used for Haswell and Broadwell microarchitecture DDR3 Dual Channel

Intel LGA 1155

1,155 pins, LGA package AKA Socket H2 Replaced LGA 1156 Released 2011 Supports Intel Sandy bridge & Ivy bridge, microprocessors

Intel LGA 1156

1,156 pins, LGA package AKA Socket H or H1 Released in 2009 Integrated Northbridge onto the Chipset DDR3 Dual Channel

Intel LGA 1366

1366 pins, Land Grid Array Also called Socket B Replaced LGA 755 Circa 2008 -Used by Core i7 processors -DDR3 Triple Channel

Intel LGA 2011

2,011 pins, LGA package Socket R -Replaced the LGA 1366 and the LGA 1567 -Released in Nov, 2011 -High end desktop and server use -Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge E-EP (Enthusiast and Xeon class) DDR3/DDR4 Quad Channel

AMD Socket FM2

904 pins - PGA-ZIF package - Released Sep 2012 - PileDriver CPU architecture

AMD Socket FM1

905 pins -PGA-ZIF package -2011 Release -"AMD 10h" CPU architecture AMD A-series processors -Faster speed -DDR3 support -Integrated PCIe 2.0 controller AMD 10h CPU support DDR3 Dual Channel

AMD Socket FM2+

906 pins -Micro PGA-ZIF package -Called Socket FM2b - "Steamroller" CPU architecture Released January 2014 DDR3 Dual Channel

AMD Socket AM3

941 pins on socket -PGA-ZIF package -Released in 2009 -Replaces the AM2/AM2+ -Could be used in Socket AM2/AM2+ with BIOS update Athlon II/ Phenom II DDR2/DDR3 Dual Channel

AMD Socket AM3+

942 pin socket -PGA-ZIF package -Replaces the AM3 -Released in 2011 -You can use an AM3 processor in an AM3+ Motherboard ---Not backwards compatible Athlon II/ Phenom II DDR3 Dual Channel

Southbridge

A portion of a computer's chipset that controls communications between the CPU and such I/O busses as USB, IDE, PS2, SATA, and others. (1)

AFP

Apple Filing Protocol TCP/548

BNC connector

Bayonet Neill-Concelman - Paul Neill, Carl Concelman used on higher-end video - maintain connectivity because you can twist and lock it into place component video - YPbPr - luminance and sync, blue, red

CPU

Central Processing Unit

CIFS

Common Internet File system

DVI

Digital Visual Interface • single and dual link - single link; 3.7Gbps (HDTV at 60fps) - dual link; 7.4 Gbps (HDTV at 85fps) DVI-A (analog) DVI-D (digital) DVI-I (integrated)

DNS

Domain Name system

DDR2 SDRAM

Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM -faster than DDR-SDRAM memory -DDR2 SDRAM improves performance over DDR SDRAM by decreasing noise and crosstalk between the signal wires.

DDR3 SDRAM

Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM -expands memory bandwidth by doubling the clock rate of DDR2 SDRAM -DDR3 SDRAM consumes less power and generates less heat than DDR2 SDRAM.

DDR SDRAM

Double Data Rate SDRAM -memory that transfers data twice as fast as SDRAM. -DDR SDRAM increases performance by transferring data twice per clock cycle

DIMM

Dual In-line Memory Module -a small circuit board, capable of holding several memory chips, that has a 64-bit data path and can be easily connected to a PC's system board. (contrast with SIMM)

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DRAM

Dynamic RAM Requires constant refreshing to maintain dataWrite once

FTP

File Transfer Protocol *TCP/20 (active mode data) TCP/21 (control) -transfers files between systems

Intel LGA 775

Has 775 pins, Land Grid Array Pins are on the Motherboard Socket T -Named after Tejas Core Circa 2004 -Seen in Pentium 4, Core 2 Duo, Celeron -DDR2 and DDR3

HDMI

High Definition Multimedia Interface - video and audio stream - digital signal - 19 pin (type A) connector - proprietary connector • miniHDMI - type C connector - designed for smaller devices

IP

Internet Protocol

LGA

Land Grid Array A chip interface standard that places the pins on the MOBO instead of on the chip packaging.

MAC

Media Access Control

Northbridge

Memory controller hub, one or more chips in a computer's chipset that controls communications between the CPU and RAM on the motherboard.

Mini-DIN

Mini-DIN-4 -S-video (Separate video) 2 channel analog signal -Intensity and color May also see Mini-DIN-7 or Mini-DIN-9

PCIx

PCI Express Serial communication - xl, x2, x4, x8, xl6, x32 lanes High performance for devices like high-end graphics adapters PCI Express throughput per-lane in each direction Speeds from 250 MB/s to 2 GB/s replaced PCI, PCIx & AGP (accelerated graphics port)

PCIx

PCI Extended - designed for servers - higher bandwidth 4x clock speed

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect *common expansion interface - 32 bit and 64-bit BUS width

PGA

Pin Grid Array A chip interface standard that places the pins on the chip packaging and not on the MOBO.

POST

Power On Self Test BIOS runs this to check the hardware of the computer then looks for boot loader to start the operating system

RAM

Random Access Memory -temporary storage

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAID-O - striping RAID 1 - mirroring RAID 5 - striping w/ parity RAID 1+0 (10) - striping w/ mirrors

SMB

Server Message Block

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair

SSD

Solid State Drive all memory, no moving parts silent, fast access time, less latency 2.5 in and 1.8 in form factors

SSHD

Solid State Hybrid Drive flash memory and hard drive storage SSD caches the hard drive data

SSD

Solid-State drives a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information SSHD (solid-state hybrid drive)

S-RAM

Static RAM -Very Fast

SDRAM

Synchronous Dynamic RAM -Synchronized by the system clock and is much faster than DRAM

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol *Connection-oriented *"Reliable" delivery -recovery from errors -can manage out-of-order messages or retransmissions *flow control

Labeled wires shielded, non-shielded

U - unshielded S - braided shielding F - foil shielding overall cable/individual pair TP ex. S/FTP F/UTP

UPnP

Universal Plug and Play

UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair

UDP

User Datagram protocol *connectionless *"unreliable" delivery -no error recovery -no reordering of data or retransmissions *no flow control

VGA

Video Graphics Array • DB-15 (D-subminiature, size B, 15 pins) *actually size E - AKA HD-15 or HD15 • blue color - PC system design guide - analog signal

HTTP

hypertext Transfer Protocol -tcp/80 non-encryption -tcp/443 encryption

coaxial cable

two or more forms share a common axis RG-6 used in television/digital cable - and high speed internet over cable RG-59 used as patch cables - not designed for long distance

Native resolution

• An LCD display is fixed - the number of pixels doesn't change • A display looks best when the video settings match a display's native resolution - a mismatch can cause distortion • If changing the display resolution, try using a multiple of the native resolution - 2560x1600 is the same ratio as 1920x1200

Display signals Analog vs. digital

• Analog video - transmitted as one continuous signal - VGA video/ DE-15 interface -DVI-A • Digital video - transmitted as discrete values - DVI-D (digital visual interface - digital) - HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface)

Display Brightness

• Luminance -Candela per square meter (cd/m^2) -More is better • Lumens -An ANSI test -3,00 lumens works in a dim room -6,00 lumens works in a sunlit rooms

PC Input devices

• Mouse - USB or PS/2 (old) • Keyboard - USB or PS/2 (old) • Scanner - USB or 802.11 wireless • Barcode reader - serial or USB connector or 802.11 • Biometric device - fingerprint scanner, face recognition • Gaming input - USB connected - game pad and joystick • Digitizer - USB connected - design and art - pressure sensitive, more accurate than a mouse • Touch pads - integrated into the keyboard (may be a standalone device USB Bluetooth) • Smart card reader - card with embedded circuitry - used in payment cards, identification cards - readers built in or connect via Bluetooth • Digital cameras - file transfer - USB connected or 802.11 - memory cards • Microphone - built in - stand alone (analog - TRS, digital - USB) • Webcam - built in - stand alone USB or 802.11

Display Resolution

• Number of pixels on a display - width x height - actually pixel dimensions • Aspect ratio - the ratio of width to height • Standard monitor aspect ratio, 4:3 - 1600x1200, 2048x1536 • Wide screen monitor, 16:10 - 1920x1200, 2560x1600 •HD, 16:9 - 1920x1080, 2560x1440

PC output devices

• Printers - USB, Ethernet, 802.11, Bluetooth • Speakers - analog output device - TRS jacks, Bluetooth • Display devices

PC Input and output devices

• Touch screen • smart TV • MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) -5 pin DIN, USB, Ethernet, or FireWire

Display Port

• VESA standard - video electronics standards association - a royalty-free standard (no extra licenseing fees) • Data is sent in packetized form - like Ethernet and PCIe • compatible with HDMI and DVI - passive adapter

RCA connector

• designed in the 1940s by RCA AKA Phono connector • composite video - single RCA connector - one channel of analog video - yellow marking - often includes left (white) and right (red) audio connectors • component video (HD signals) -YPbPr lumminance and sync, blue, red

Plasma Display

•A display of tine cells -Noble gas and Mercury •Voltage forms a plasma -Mercury sheds energy as UV light •UV light strikes colored phosphor - and you see the image •Deep blacks, fast response time

CCFL

•Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp - higher voltage and power needed - used a power inverter for DC to AC power - added thickness to the display - no longer a common back light

IPS LCD

•In Plane Switching -excellent color -no tailing when touched (mobile devices) -more expensive

LED

•Light Emitting Diode -Backlight is LEDs instead of florescent - for smaller displays LEDs are around the edge of the screen (diffused to evenly light the display) - for larger displays the lights are arrayed throughout (may be dimmed individually)

LCD

•Liquid Crystal Display - Light shines through liquid crystals •Liquid crystal molecules sit between two polarizing filters - the molecules get twisted and light passes through •Requires a backlight

OLED

•Organic Light Emitting Diode - organic compound emits light when receiving an electric current •Thinner and lighter - flexible an m mobile (no glass needed) • No backlight - the organic compound provides the light - true black color • Lifespan can be shorter than LED - organic materials degrade over time

Display Filters

•Privacy -Fade the screen to black or gold when viewed at an angle -Placed on the front of a display •Anti-Glare -Glossy screens are common -Reduce glare -Improve viewing -Useful in bright light

TN LCD

•Twisted Nematic -poor viewing angles (shift side to side the colors will shift) -low power draw -fast response times -most common technology

refresh rate

•number of times per second a monitor redraws an image - measured in Hertz (Hz) • LCD displays - no electron beams - refreshes the entire screen at 60Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz, ext - really a frame rate