COMPUTER Finals Exam

Internal components

- CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

Secondary storage devices

- Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

Input devices

- keyboard, mouse, etc.

Output devices

- printer, monitor, etc.

First Generation

1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.

Second Generation

1959-1965. Transistor based.

Third Generation

1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based

Fourth Generation

1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.

Fifth Generation

1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based

1 Kilobyte (1 KB)

= 1024 Bytes

1 PetaByte (1 PB)

= 1024 GB

1 TeraByte (1 TB)

= 1024 GB

1 Megabyte ( 1 MB)

= 1024 KB

1 GigaByte (1 GB)

= 1024 MB

Bit (Binary Digit)

A binary digit is logical 0 & 1 representing a passive or an active state of a component in an electric circuit.

No IQ

A computer is a machine and has no intelligence of its own to perform any task. Each and every instruction has to be given to the computer. A computer cannot take any decision on its own.

Reliability

A computer is a reliable machine. Modern electronic components have failure-free long lives. Computers are designed to make maintenance easy

Versatility

A computer is a very versatile machine. A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.This machine can be used to solve the problems relating to various different fields. At one instant, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing a card game.

Word

A computer word like a byte, is a group of fixed number of bits processed as a unit which varies from computer to computer but is fixed for each computer. The length of a computer word is called word-size or word length and it may be as small as 8 bits or may be as long as 96 bits. A computer stores the information in the form of the computer words

Field

A data category that stores a specific piece of information. For example, the field LastName would onlycontain people's last names.

Starting Document (Main Document)

A document that contains the information that is the same for each merged document. The starting document contains the field names for the variable information, like the names and addresses that will be inserted.

Data Source or Recipients List

A file that contains the information to be inserted into the main document during a mail merge. For example, it has records containing the names and addresses of the people a mail merge letter is sent to.

Nibble

A group of 4 bits is called nibble.

Byte

A group of 8 bits is called byte. A byte is the smallest unit, which can represent a data item or a character.

Greeting Line

A group of merge fields that make up the greeting line of a mail merge document, such as "Dear Mr. McDonald". Word can automatically insert all the appropriate greeting text and fields at once, so that you don't have to insert the text and required merge fields yourself.

Merge Field

A merge field is where you want to insert the information from a data source into a main document. Merge fields appear with chevrons (« ») around them. An example would be: Dear «FirstName».

Record

A record is an entire set of data fields that relate to a single thing or person. For example, a single record would include information about a person's first and last names, address, phone number and date of birth.

Transmission Control Protocol

A standard that defines how one computer can communicate and exchange data with another computer on the internet.

Artificial Intelligence

AI

Arithmetic Logic Unit

ALU

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCII

Continuous

Adds continuous line numbering to each section of the document.

Restart Each Section

Adds line numbering and restarts numbering at the beginning of each section.

Restart Each Page

Adds line numbering to the current section of the document. Restarts numbering at the beginning of any added sections.

High Speed, Accuracy,Storage Capability,Diligence, Versatility, Reliability, Automation, Reduction in Paper Work,Reduction in Cost

Advantages of Computers

Supercomputer

An extremely fast computer, which can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Options

Apply a different header or footer to the first page in a section, different odd & even pages, and choose to show document text.

Header & Footer

Apply built-in header, footer, and page number options.

Address

Block A group of merge fields that make up the address block in a mail merge document. Word can automatically insert all the appropriate address fields at once, so that you don't have to insert the five or six merge fields yourself.

Government Applications

Budgets, Sales tax department, Income tax department, Male/Female ratio, Computerization of voters lists, Computerization of Driving Licensing system,Computerization of PAN card,Weather Forecasting

Central Processing Unit

CPU

Cathode-Ray Tube

CRT

One sentence

CTRL+ Click anywhere within the sentence

Position

Choose how far away from the margins you want the headers and footers to appear, and control header and footer alignment.

No Feeling

Computer has no feeling or emotions. It cannot make judgement based on feeling, taste, experience and knowledge unlike a human being.

High Speed

Computer is a very fast device. It is capable of performing addition of very big data. The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond and even the picosecond. It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man, who can spend many months for doing the same task

Automation

Computer is an automatic machine. Automation means ability to perform the task automatically. Once a program is given to computer, i.e., stored in computer memory, the program and instructions can control the program execution without human interaction.

Military

Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc., employ computerised control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used are: Missile Control, Military Communication, Military operation and planning Smart Weapons

VGA Port

Connects monitor to a computer's video card. Has 15 holes. Similar to serial port connector but serial port connector has pins, it has holes.

Dot Matrix Printer

DMP

Domain Name System

DNS

Digital Video Interface

DVI

Header Row

Data source information is stored in a table. The first row of the table is the header row and contains the field names for the data source. For example, First Name, Last Name, Address.

Internet Protocol

Defines the Internet's addressing scheme.

Control the workflow

Direct the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed

Stealth Virus

Disguises itself to prevent from being detected by anti-virus software

One word

Double-click within the word

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

EBCDII

Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory

EEPROM

Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory

EPROM

Arithmetic Section

Function of Arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of above operations.

Logic Section

Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching and merging of data.

Multipartite Virus

Hybrid of a boot sector and program viruses

Integrated Circuits

IC

Intelligent Drive Electronics

IDE

Internet Protocol

IP

Internet Service Provider

ISP

Accuracy

In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate. The computer has performed calculations 100% error-free. Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy.

Insert

Insert Date & Time, a Picture or Clip Art, or a Quick Part field.

Next Page

Inserts a section break at the insertion point and inserts a page break so the new section starts at the beginning of a new page. Continuous. Inserts a section break at the insertion point and starts the section immediately, without inserting a page break.

Even Page

Inserts a section break at the insertion point and starts the next section on the next even-numbered page. If the section break falls on the an even-numbered page, Word leaves the next odd-numbered page blank.

Odd Page

Inserts a section break at the insertion point and starts the next section on the next odd-numbered page. If the section break falls on an odd-numbered page, Word leaves the next even-numbered page blank.

Dependency

It can perform function as instructed by user, so it is fully dependent on human being

Boot Sector Virus

It infects the boot or MBR of discettes and harddrives through sharing of infected disks and pirated softwere applications.

Numeric Keypad

It is used to enter numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding machine and calculators.

Program Virus

It then makes copies of itself and will infect the programs of the pc.

Special Purpose Keys

Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

Light-Emitting Diodes

LED

Polymorphic Virus

Like a chameleon, changing its virus signiture every time it multiplies and infects a new file

Magnetic Ink Card Reader

MICR

Masked ROM

MROM

Storage Capability

Memory is a very important characteristic of computers. The computer has much more storage capacity than human beings. It can store large amount of data.It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio and any other type.

Hanging indent marker

Moves all but the first line of a paragraph in from the left margin, leaving the first-line indent marker in its current position.

First line indent marker

Moves only the first line of a paragraph in from the left margin. This paragraph format is often used on documents to avoid having to press TAB key at the start of each new paragraph.

Right indent marker

Moves the body of the entire paragraph in from the right margin. Left and right indents are often used together to set quotations part from normal body text in a document.

Left indent marker

Moves the first line and hanging-indent markers in pairs.

Mini Computer

Multi-user computer system. Capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously.

Main Frame

Multi-user computer system. Capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is different from minicomputer.

Optical Character Reader

OCR

Optical Mark Reader

OMR

Creeper

One of First virus detected in the 70's

Engineering Design

One of major areas is CAD (Computer aided design). CAD provides creation, edition, and modification of image

Point to Point Protocol

PPP

Programmable Read only Memory

PROM

Processing Data

Performing arithmetic, logical operations on data in order to convert them into useful information.

Entire Document

Press CTRL + A / Shift + Click anywhere on the selection bar

Macro Virus

Programmed as a macro embedded document, usually found in MS Word at MS Excel. Once it is gets to your computer every document it will produce will be infected.

Random access memory

RAM

Read Only Memory

ROM

Suppress for Current Section

Removes line numbering for the current section.

None

Removes line numbering in the document.

Serial ATA

SATA

Store Data

Saving data and instructions so that they are available for processing as and when required.

PC (Personal Computer)

Single user computer system. Moderately powerful microprocessor.

WorkStation

Single user computer system. Similar to Personal Computer but have more powerful microprocessor.

Navigation

Switch between headers and footers and jump to other sections.

Transmission Control Protocol

TCP

Environment

The operating environment of computer should be dust-free and suitable to it.

Take Input

The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system.

Output Information

The process of producing useful information or results for the user, such as a printed report or visual display.

Function Keys

The twelve functions keys are present on the keyboard. These are arranged in a row along the top of the keyboard. Each function key hasunique meaning and is used for some specific purpose.

Reduction in Paper Work

The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in paper work and speeds up the process. As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of maintenance of large number of files gets reduced.

Education

The uses of computer provide a tool in the Education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education). CBE involves Control, Delivery and Evaluation of learning. The computer education is very familiar and rapidly increasing the graph of computer students. There are number of methods in which educational institutions can use computer to educate the students. It is used for prepare a database about student performance and analyses are carried out.

Static RAM (SRAM)

The word static indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power remains applied. However, data is lost when the power gets down due to volatile nature

Typing Keys

These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digits keys (0-9) which generally give same layout as that of typewriters.

Control keys

These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow key. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).

Secondary Memory

This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than main memory. These are used for storing Data/Information permanently

Control Unit

This unit controls the operations of all parts of computer. It does not carry out any actual data processing operations.

Reduction in Cost

Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high but it substantially reduces the cost of each of its transaction.

Power Connector

Three-pronged plug Connects to the computer's power cable that plugs into a power bar or wall socket.

Firewire Port

Transfer large amounts of data at very fast speed.Connects camcorders and video equipments to the computer Data travels at 400 to 800 megabits per second. Invented by Apple Three variants: 4-Pin FireWire 400 connector, 6-Pin FireWire 400 connector and 9-Pin FireWire 800 connector

One paragraph

Triple-click within the paragraph /

Ultra Large Scale Integration

ULSI

Universal Serial Bus

USB

Diligence

Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack of concentration. It can work continuously without creating any error and boredom. It can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy.

Communication

Used for E-mail, Chatting,Usenet, FTP Telnet, Video-conferencing

Serial Port

Used for external modems and older computer mouse. Two versions: 9 pin, 25 pin model. Data travels at 115 kilobits per second.

PS/2 Port

Used for old computer keyboard and mouse Also called mouse port. Most of the old computers provide two PS/2 ports, each for mouse and keyboard. Also known as IEEE 1284-compliant Centronics port.

Parallel Port

Used for scanners and printers. Also called printer port. 25 pin model. Also known as IEEE 1284-compliant Centronics port.

Visual Display Unit

VDU

Very Large Scale Integrated

VLSI

Worms

Virus that copies and multiply using computer networks and security flaws.

Automatic

Word automatically inserts hyphens where they are needed, according to the hyphenation zone. If the document is edited and lines change, Word rehyphenates the document.

Mail Merge

Word makes it easy for you to take a list of names and addresses and merge them with a form letter, an envelope template, or mailing labels. This enables you to quickly create items for mass mailings that appear to be customized for each person on the mailing list

Manual

Word searches the text for words to hyphenate and asks if you would like to insert an optional hyphen. Word does not rehyphenate the document for you. If you choose to manually hyphenate, Word will ask for approval before it inserts a hyphen.

Trojan Horses

appears as interesting program file but when installed it allows intruders to access or read files

Appilcation Software

are the softwares that are designed to satisfy a particular need of a particular environment.

One Line Left

click on the selection bar. Several Lines Drag the mouse downwards on the selection bar

Monitors

commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels, that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of the pixels.

Internet Telephone

consists of real time voice and video conversations

Primary memory

holds only those data and instructions on which computer is currently working. It has limited capacity and data gets lost when power is switched off.

Generation

in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used.

Keyboard

in inputting the data to the computer

Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)

input device is generally used in banks because of a large number of cheques to be processed everyday. The bank's code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable.

System Software

is a collection of programs designed to operate, control and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself

Computer Virus

is a computer program that can copy itself and infect the computer without permission and knowledge of the owner

Internet

is a global, interconnected computer network in which every computer connected to it can exchange data.

Light Pen

is a pointing device, which is similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked. It is specially used for checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.

File Formats

is a standardized method of encoding data for storage.

Algorithms

is a systematic, step by step procedure to solve a problem.

Joystick

is also a pointing device, which is used to move cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions

Computer System

is an electronic data processing device that Accept and store an input data, Process the data input, And output the processed data in required format.

Microphone

is an input device to input sound that is then stored in digital form. The microphone is used for various applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

Digitizer

is an input device, which converts analog information into a digital form. Digitizer can convert a signal from the television camera into a series of numbers that could be stored in a computer. They can be used by the computer to create a picture of whatever the camera had been pointed at

Scanner

is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disc of the computer for further manipulation.

CPU

is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate result and instructions (program). It controls the operations of all parts of computer.

Mouse

is most popular Pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device. It is a small palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU on pressing the buttons

Printer

is the most important output device, which is used to print information on paper.

Banking

is used for Banks on-line accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges, shares and trustee records. ATM machines are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

Business

is used for Payroll Calculations, Budgeting Sales Analysis,Financial forecasting, Managing employees database,Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Insurance

is used for how to continue with policies, starting date of the policies, next due installment of a policy, maturity date interests due ,survival benefits, bonus, keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

must be continually refreshed in order for it to maintain the data. This is done by placing the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the data several hundred times per second

Double click

on the selection bar

Bar Code Reader

s a device used for reading bar coded data (data in form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a hand-held scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.

Track Ball

s an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball, which is half inserted and by moving fingers on ball, pointer can be moved.

E-mail Viruses

use e-mail messages to spread which allow it automatically forward itself to thousands of people.

Health Care

used for Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System, The computers are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, Ultrasounds and CT Scans, etc., are also done by computerised machines.

Marketing

used for homeshopping and Advertising