COMS 212 Midterm (Chp. 1 2 3)

what kind of man would a women be likely to find most attractive?

one who is hard to for everyone except for her.

Introverts use social networking sites primarily...

to substitute for interacting in face to face situations

rather than having two completely separate identities, people in close relationships tend to merge identities (T or F)

true

relationships emerge across ongoing interactions (T or F)

true

research supports the "romeo and juliet" effect, which predicts that parental interference can strengthen attraction between two people (T or F)

true

self esteem refers to how positively or negatively a person views oneself (T or F)

true

social networks are composed of people who are similar in terms of ethnicity, religion, age, and country of origin (T or F)

true

studies show that sites which include attractive images lead to greater attraction to that person than those with no images (T or F)

true

teachers are affected by the physical attraction of their students (T or F)

true

the formal study of personal relationships is a fairly recent phenomenon (T or F)

true

the idea that relational communication is dynamic means that communication reflects the changing nature of relationships (T or F)

true

what is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

when an expectation exists that something will happen, and a person behaves in a way that actually makes it more likely that the anticipated event will occur.

what is an example of task attraction?

when one enjoys working with another on class projects, and admires another for how hardworking they are

what is an example of the self-expansion theory?

when someone terminates a relationship when they perceive that their identities are no longer growing.

what is fatal attraction?

when the very qualities that attracted one to another are now the qualities that are destroying the relationship

the distinction between romantic vs. non-romantic relationships is based on...

whether people define themselves as a couple

we are attracted to those who are attitudinally similar to us because they are able to provide us with...

reinforcement

Late one Friday afternoon, the person you are dating calls and asks, "So, what are we doing tonight?" You interpret this question as good thing and realize you have a partner who is always there for you. This refers to the ______ level of the message.

relational

when people interact with each other, what are the most common topics involved?

relationship problems, sex, family, and romantic partners

what is the condition when defining behvior's relationship to communication?

behavior is communication if it interpreted by a receiver

relational attraction is a subset of which form of attraction?

social

what is social attraction?

the desire to hang out and be friendly with someone

2/3 of Facebook subscribers check their Facebook site every day (T or F)

true

According to your text and Watzlawick et al., one cannot not communicate in face-to-face settings. (T or F)

true

Oxytocin and dopamine, among other chemicals, shape our attraction to other people (T or F)

true

attractions a complex and dynamic process (T or F)

true

what is an example of symmetrical message exchange?

"Take out the trash" "take it out yourself"

research on interpersonal communication began in the

1960s and 1970s

those with around _____ Facebook friends were rated as most attractive

300

____% of the meaning of a given interaction is interpreted from nonverbal behavior

60-65%

_____ use social networking sites to send one-to-many messages and interact infrequently on their sites

Broadcasters

what is true of the current millennial generation?

Entertainment Rules: life if about video games and social networking

what is the first journal dedicated to interpersonal relationships titles?

The Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

what is an example of trying to protect negative face?

When someone doesnt want to feel obligated to go to their boy/girlfriends house for thanksgiving

what is verbal handicapping?

a method of preventive framework (EX: telling everyone your hurt because your are nervous of a potentially poor performance)

what is Koinophilla

a universal characteristic of beauty. people who possess this feature have average facial features.

Marcia is nervous when an attractive man approaches her and says "hello." She ties to hide her anxiety, but the man notices that she is a bit fidgety and figures out that she is nervous. This is an example of ______.

accidental communication

what are the three most central interpersonal needs that close relationships satisfy?

affection, social inclusion, and behavioral control

people who are attracted to "nice guys" also value....

altruism

women are more likely to be attracted to men who ______ and ________

assertive and altruistic

Isabel stands at the foot of the stairs and yells "dinner's ready" to her kids who are upstairs. However, her kids do not hear her because they are both listening to their I-Pods. This is an example of ______.

attempted communication

Terry claims not to care what people think about him. Sue manages her identity to make her appear socially competent. They both say they don't care how an audience reacts to them. Terry and Sue are ______ people.

autonomous

what corrective framework strategy is used when a friend pretends not to see you stumble on accident?

avoidance

when the task efficiency is a priority and the power/status difference between individuals is large what strategy for enacting a face threatening act is used?

bald on record strategy

why did the study of interpersonal communication emerge as one of the primary emphases in the communication discipline?

becuase the realization that relational development and communication share symbiotic relationships

Close relationships are defined by four things...

behavioral interdependence, repeated interaction, emotional attachment, and needed fulfillment

what is kinesics?

body movement, including posture, eye behavior, and facial expression

if one begins a statement by saying "I know this might not make you happy, but . . .", they are engaging in which kind of preventative facework strategy?

cognitive disclaimer

when we view ourselves through an enactment frame, our identity is constructed through _____

communication with others

which form of complementarity is least likely to be related to attraction and liking?

complementarity in values

A smile from your significant other sends a different message to you than a smile from a stranger. A secret your best friend tells you means something different than a disclosure from a stranger on a plane. The principle that explains these interactions is that relationships ______.

contextualize messages

What is the text's definition of gender?

culturally constructed images of men and women as masculine or feminine

what does the Social Evolutionary Theory explain?

differences between what is attractive to men and what is attractive to women is the theory that men and women have different roles in procreation and parenting, and thus need to look for different things in a potential mate

Max travels by plane on a business trip even though he is terrified of plane rides. As he anxiously sits through take-off, he becomes aware of his attraction to the woman sitting next to him and begins to talk with her. What led to Max becoming more attracted to this woman than he would normally have been?

excitation transfer

identity gaps...

exist when there is conflict between identity lenses

what is the Social Identity Theory?

explanation for how our identities are developed and maintained as well as how our identity if linked to group memberships.

dominance is traditionally communicated verbally (T or F)

false

fatal attraction occurs mainly because women are attracted to alpha males who may be dangerous or violent (T or F)

false

for relational growth to produce lasting, positive results, it needs to be linear (T or F)

false

identity is independent of our social relationships (T or F)

false

identity is rarely communicated by a person's facebook site (T or F)

false

in good relationships, a person should always help maintain a partners former identity (T or F)

false

interpersonal communication consists mainly of verbal messages (T or F)

false

research shows that "opposites attract" relationships last longer than "similarities attract" relationships (T or F)

false

self-presentational goals relate to the image we want others to convey (T or F)

false

the feedback we receive from others does little to shape our identities (T or F)

false

the majority of people today meet their future spouse on the internet or an internet dating site (T or F)

false

the matching hypothesis refers to the tendency for people to seek partners who are extremely physically attractive (T or F)

false

the study of personal relationships is taught solely in communication departments (T or F)

false

The way we would greet a potential boss and try to impress her/him by discussing ideas of ethics and company loyalty illustrates which aspect of Goffman's dramaturgical perspective?

front-stage behaviors

what strategy for enacting a face threatening act involves little attention to the task but primary attention to face?

going off the record strategy

what is self esteem?

how positively or negatively we view ourselves

what is one reason given for the existence of the "romeo and juliet" effect?

individuals may enjoy the feeling of an illicit secret

If you are interested in obtaining a letter of recommendation from one of your professors, you have to communicate your wishes to your professor and explain why and how the letter will help you. In doing this, you would be attempting to fulfill which of the following sets of goals that people strive for in relationships?

instrumental

relationships that are characterized by genetic relatedness are characterized as

involuntary

what are the two primary relational messages or themes that characterize a relationship?

level of intimacy and dominance/submission

relational communication follows both ____ and _____ patterns

linear and nonlinear

Charles Horton Cooley's belief that our identity if affected by the feedback we receive from other is termed as...

looking-glass self

Compared to prior generations, the current generation Y (aka millennials) are...

more narcissistic

Anika considers herself to be a very athletic person. After a game one day, her coach congratulates her on her performance during the game. However, she hears some of her teammates saying that they think she is not very athletically skilled. Which instance(s) of feedback is Anika likely to attend to?

only her coaches-- we usually attend to feedback that is consistent with out own perception of identity

The famous "bridge studies" tested the excitation transfer hypothesis. Researchers found that ______

people were more attracted to individuals if they crossed scary bridges as opposed to safe bridges

what is the "ignorance is bliss" explanation?

people who are poor communicators are not aware that someone may communicate better than they do

in dating relationships we tend to prefer ______ feedback on our identity, while in marriage relationships we tend to prefer ____ feedback of our identity

positive, authentic

what increases interpersonal attraction in initial relationships?

proximity

what is the concept of implicit egotism?

refers to the idea that we sometimes like people who are similar to us in arbitrary ways, such as having similar names or being born during the same month

If you are interested in obtaining a letter of recommendation from one of your professors, you have to communicate your wishes to your professor and explain why and how the letter will help you. if you spent a large amount of time preparing an email to request this, you would be attempting to fill...

self-presentation goals

Newcomb's findings on the effect of proximity on attraction were especially intriguing because they showed that proximity could outweigh ______ as a basis of attraction.

similarity

what are the two fields that have contributed most to the study of personal relationships?

social psychology and communication

what is the basic requirement that people share for defining all types of relationships ?

some level of behvioral interdependence

what does the matching hypothesis state?

that people search for partners who have roughly the same level of physical attractiveness as they do

what is an important aspect of communication competence?

the ability to manage your self-presentation flexibly in a variety of contexts

the assimilation effect occurs when...

the attention that physically attractive people get, rubs off on their friends

Professor Plum begins an interaction with his class using negative behavior. During the course of the interaction, he switches to positive behavior. Prof. Reibolt started an interaction with his class using positive behavior; but, he switched to negative behavior. How would the Loss-Gain Effect explain how the class would feel about Prof. Plum compared to Prof. Reibolt?

the class would be attracted to Professor Plum because the students expectation were exceeded

_________ states that identity construction can be viewed through personal, enactment, relationship, and communal frames

the communication theory of identity

what are three elements that affect the severity of a face threatening act?

the importance of the rule being violated, the power the receiver has over the sender, the responsibility of the actor for the behavior

what is identity?

the qualities we understand ourselves to possess

what is the halo effect?

the tendency to perceive physically attractive people as more sociable

what is proxemics?

the use of space, including conversational distance and territory

according to the self-expansion theory, a successful relationships depends on partners ability to broaden each other's identity (T or F)

true

being attracted to narcissistic person appears to be common type of fatal attraction (T or F)

true

for young people, the number of friends they have on a Facebook site is incredibly important to their identity (T or F)

true

identity incorporates expectations and guides behavior (T or F)

true

interpersonal communication contains both content and relational information (T or F)

true

knowledge of relational communication does not guarantee that we will be attracted to the "right people" (T or F)

true

many gay, lesbian, and transgendered people closet their real identities because of fears of rejection and possible violence ( T or F)

true

people like people with whom they are frequently in close proximity (T or F)

true

people use physical appearance to make judgments about someones inner character (T or F)

true