Conceptual Physics - Chapter 11

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is a. 8 times as great. b. 16 times as great. c. appreciably more than 16 times as great. d. 12 times as great.

16 times as great.

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when there is an electric current through it? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4 e. protons will have to be subtracted, not added.

2

Which of the following is an element? a. Carbon dioxide b. Hydrogen c. H2O c. A supernova

Hydrogen

Which of these statements is true? a. Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules. b. Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance. c. A molecule is the smallest particle that exists. d. Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance. e. None of these statements is true.

Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance.

Which of the following is not a mixture? a. cake b. air c. granite d. beach sand e. None. All of the above choices are mixtures.

None. All of the above choices are mixtures.

The smallest particle of those listed below is a. a quark. b. a neutron. c. a proton. d. a molecule. e. an atom.

a quark

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in a. the mother's womb. b. the food the mother eats before giving birth. c. the Earth. d. ancient stars. e. none of these

ancient stars

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n) a. friction force. b. electrical force. c. nuclear force. d. gravitational force. e. none of these

electrical force.

The volume of matter comes mostly from its a. protons. b. electrons. c. neutrons

electrons

To become a negative ion, an atom must a. lose an electron b. gain an electron

gain an electron

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is a. given off by the reaction. b. not involved. c. taken in by the reaction.

given off by the reaction

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is a. boron. b. helium. c. lithium. d. hydrogen. e. beryllium.

helium

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? a. silver. b. gold. c. mercury. d. lead.

lead

The reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that a. the atoms in the granite are invisible. b. mostly empty space themselves. c. held together by electrical forces. d. not as close together as they could be. e. in perpetual motion.

mostly empty space themselves.

Which of the following are electrically neutral? a. ion b. electron c. neutron d. proton e. none of these

neutron

Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because a. of gravitational forces. b. of nuclear forces. c. of electrical forces. d. atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. e. none of these

of electrical forces

Dark matter is considered to be a. at the center of all atomic nuclei b. a local phenomenon c. plentiful in the universe d. a form of dark energy

plentiful in the universe

The weight of matter comes mostly from its a. protons and neutrons. b. empty spaces between atoms. c. electrons.

protons and neutrons.

Brownian motion has to do with the a. size of atoms. b. atomic vibrations. c. random motions of atoms and molecules. d. rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid. e. first direct measurement of atomic motion.

random motions of atoms and molecules.

In our part of the universe, antimatter is a. long-lived. b. plentiful. c. short-lived. d. non-existent.

short-lived

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would a. be able to see individual atoms. b. be able to photograph individual atoms, even though c. we couldn't see them. d. still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are a. the same age. b. actually older. c. newer.

the same age

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of a. a large auditorium. b. the whole world. c. the United States. d. a large city. e. none of these

the whole world

Atoms heavier than helium were made by a. radioactivity. b. radiant energy conversion. c. thermonuclear fusion. d. photosynthesis. e. none of these

thermonuclear fusion.

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is a. one b. two c. three d. four

three

How many different elements are in a water molecule? a. one. b. two c. three d. four

two

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? a. iron b. uranium c. carbon d. helium e. gold

uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? a. gold b. iron c. uranium d. carbon e. helium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the most mass? a. iron b. lead c. uranium d. hydrogen e. all have the same mass.

uranium