Confidence
Overconfidence is also called
false confidence
Effective cognitions that bring about a successful performance
focus on: task, self, outcome, automatic, opponent, significant others
Faulty cognitions that bring about an unsuccessful performance
focus on: the wrong thing, doubt and uncertainty, negatives, distractions
SE impacts upon our
future intentions and attributions about our past experiences
When faced with stressful stimuli, low efficacious individuals tend to:
give up, attribute failure internally, experience greater anxiety or depression
Ineffective behaviors that bring about an unsuccessful performance
non-committal to decisions, lack of effort/fight, confidence body language, unsociable/withdrawn
Self-efficacy is important only when
one has requisite skills and sufficient incentive to engage in a particular behavior.
Confident people tend to be ______ - focus on...
optimists - focus on positives or dwell on the most hopeful aspects
Sport and exercise science professionals need to understand the importance of
participatory modelling
What is is the most influential efficacy source?
past performance
Major source of vicarious experiences (modeling) within efficacy
seeing or imagining the enactment of the behavior by relevant others or oneself
Negative affects that bring about an unsuccessful performance
very nervous, unhappy, under pressure, not enjoyable, frustrated, angry
Self-Efficacy judgments are important determinants of:
-individual's choice of activities -amount of effort expended in those activities -extent of persistence in the activity in the face of aversive stimuli.
Strategies for building SE include:
-instruction -modelling -verbal persuasion
Major source of social or verbal persuasion within efficacy
encouraging and supportive statements or self-statements
positive affects that bring about a successful performance
enjoyment, relaxed/calm, nervous, happy, excited
Major source of performance accomplishments within efficacy
success in learning or enacting a relavant skill in the ES setting
Confidence is the most consistent discriminator between
successful and less successful athletes
Define confidence
the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior -sureness, self-belief, a high-expectancy of success
self-efficiacy is the common _______ mechanism through which people _______ ________ over their _______ and _______.
the common cognitive mechanism through which people exert control over their motivation and behavior
Define self-efficacy
the conviction or belief that one can successfully execute a course of action to produce a certain behavior
Purpose of Building Efficacy in HM settings (Weingberg & Jackson, 1990)
to assess the degree to which HS and age group tennis coaches used 13 strategies for building SE amount tennis players and the most effectiveness of those strategies
The second stage of Bandura's four-stage modeling process
Retention: For modeling to occur, the observers must commit the observed acts to memory
5 Aspects of self-confidence in sport
-execute physical skills -utilize psychological skills -employ perceptual skills (e.g., -make good decisions) -be fit and highly trained -improve one's skill (learn)
5 benefits of confidence
-Arouses positive emotions -Improves concentration -Effects the setting and pursuit of challenging goals -Increases effort -Affects game strategies (Playing to win vs. playing to avoid losing)
Efficiacy beliefs are also critical in
-exercise adherence -rehabilitative efforts -health behaviors
Age-group tennis coaches rated the following strategies for building confidence to be most effective and most commonly employed:
-encouraging positive self talk -modelling confidence -instruction and drilling -liberally rewarding desired behaviors -verbal persuasion
4 common misconceptions about confidence
1. either you have it or you don't 2. success always builds confidence 3. confidence equals outspoken arrogance 4. mistakes inevitably destroy confidence
Strategies for coaches to build efficacy/confidence in athletes
1. ensure performance accomplishments (provide good physical, technical and tactical instruction, and relevant games and pressure simulations) 2. act confidently (teach athletes to act as if they already are what they want to become) 3. think confidently (avoid judgemental thoughts, focus on instruction and motivating thoughts) 4. imagery (imagine yourself as confident and successful) 5. physical conditioning (training and physical states are keys to confidence) 6. preparation (develop performance plans and pre-competitive routines. plans and routines deduce uncertainty and provide guidance.
The first stage of Bandura's four-stage modeling process
Attention: careful attention must be given to the model or person observed
The fourth stage of Bandura's four-stage modeling process.
Motivation: for modeling to occur, the observers must be motivated to attend to, retain, and practice modeled acts. This stage affects all other stages
The third stage of Bandura's four-stage modeling process
Motor reproduction: for modeling of physical skills to occur, the performers must be able to coordinate their muscle activity with their thoughts
Lack of confidence involves...
Self doubts create anxiety, break-concentration, and cause indecisiveness.
self-efficacy in simplest terms...
a very situation specific self-confidence cognition
Major source of physiological arousal within efficacy
arousal interpreted as signalling readiness
Optimal confidence involves...
being so convinced that you will achieve your goals that you strive hard to do so
SE is a _______. It is not an _____ or _____.
cognition, affect, feeling
Overconfidence is.. causes..
confidence out of proportion to actual ability. Causes you to prepare less than you need to in order to perform.
Effective behaviors that bring about a successful performance
confident body language, committed to decision movements, dictated to opposition, increased effort
Self-efficacy is a physical activity ______ and ______
determinant and outcome
Tri-partite efficacy
self-efficacy other efficacy relation inferred self-efficacy