Consumer Behavior chapter 2

_____ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events. A. Fatalists B. Individualists C. Collectivists D. Females E. Males

A. Fatalists

_____ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words. A. Nonverbal communication systems B. Values C. Subcultures D. Semiotics E. Perspectives

A. Nonverbal communication systems

_____ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations. A. Norms B. Precepts C. Sanctions D. Prescriptions E. Values

A. Norms

Norms are derived from _____. A. cultural values B. laws C. education D. international protocol

A. cultural values

What is the basis for virtually all societies? A. family unit B. government C. schools D. religion E. work place

A. family unit

A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a _____ time perspective. A. polychronic B. monochronic C. linear D. parallel E. simultaneous

A. polychronic

_____ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. A. Guanxi B. Etiquette C. Demographics D. Culture E. Monochronism

B. Etiquette

_____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society. A. Cooperation B. Power distance C. Collectivism D. Individualism E. Status

B. Power distance

Ralph is very prompt. If he says he will be there at 10:00 a.m., he will be there exactly at that time. Furthermore, he will not begin another task until he is completely done with the one he is currently working on. Which time perspective does Ralph have? A. polychronic B. monochronic C. linearD. parallel E. priority

B. monochronic

The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____. A. rules B. norms C. prescriptions D. precepts E. sanctions

B. norms

Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance? A. youth/age B. risktaking/security C. individual/collective D. masculine/feminine E. diversity/uniformity

B. risktaking/security

Violation of cultural norms results in _____, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group. A. norms B. sanctions C. proclamations D. ostracization E. sentencing

B. sanctions

_____ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. A. Referencegroup B. Government C. Culture D. Authority E. Gestalt

C. Culture

Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism? A. Mexico B. India C. United States D. Korea E. Japan

C. UnitednStates

Which of the following is NOT an example of an other-oriented value? A. youth/age B. extended/limitedfamily C. tradition/change D. masculine/feminine E. diversity/uniformity

C. tradition/change

In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americans are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior? Culture is a simple concept. Culture is something one is born with. Culture is unique to each individual in a society. Culture is time-bound. Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding culture? Culture is a relatively simple concept. Culture is acquired. Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. All of the above are true.

Culture is acquired.

_____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A. Laws B. Religions C. Edicts D. Cultural values E. Sanctions

D. Cultural values

The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____. A. uniformity B. collectivism C. power D. diversity E. cooperation

D. diversity

Jake is in the market for a new car. He's looking at brands such as Mercedes, Lexus, and BMW because he feels they tell other people that he's successful in life. This is an illustration of which value? A. collectivism B. youth C. masculine D. individualism E. active

D. individualism

Karen's father is an executive for a major international corporation and has been transferred to various countries over the years. With each move, Karen is enrolled in a new school. Even though English is spoken in the schools she attends, there are students from all over the world whose parents have jobs similar to Karen's father. With each new school, Karen spends the first few weeks merely observing the other students to learn which behaviors are appropriate in specific situations because she's learned that at each school the kids behave differently. Karen is attempting to learn that student body's specific _____ regarding behavior. A. rules B. guidelines C. precepts D. norms E. prescriptions

D. norms

Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a U.S. university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns his work in late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this as this behavior is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective? A. spontaneous B. parallel C. monochronic D. polychronic E. variable

D. polychronic

Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new- product acceptance? A. individual/collective B. competitive/cooperative C. tradition/change D. risktaking/security E. masculine/feminine

D. risktaking/security

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A. etiquette B. time C. relationships D. values E. things

D. values

Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age? A. American B. Australian C. British D. European E. Asian

E. Asian

_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment. Other-oriented Self-oriented Externally oriented Internallyoriented Environment-oriented

Environment-oriented

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? demographics values language nonverbalcommunications all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications? things relationships space symbols all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment-oriented value? cleanliness tradition/change nature competitive/cooperative problem solving/fatalistic

competitive/cooperative

Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent? other-oriented self-oriented environment-oriented externallyoriented internally oriented

environment-oriented

Which time perspective views time almost as a physical object believing that a person does one thing at a time? linear time perspective parallel time perspective sequential time perspective monochronic time perspective polychronic time perspective

monochronic time perspective

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of? nonverbal communications naturalresources economic conditions exchange rates all of the above

nonverbal communications

Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values? other-oriented environment-oriented self-oriented object-oriented All of the above are broad forms of cultural values.

object-oriented

The nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as _____. intimate space personal space sphere of influence range of interaction interaction space

personal space

What are the two major ways time varies between cultures? primaryandsecondary workandleisure family and personal monochronic and polychronic perspective and interpretation

perspective and interpretation

In Germany, one concern retailers have is ensuring that cash drawers have enough money to make change when consumers make purchases. One company went so far as to use a computerized model that monitored the weight of the cash drawer and signaled a need for replenishment. This is such a concern because consumers typically use cash to make purchases, which differs from other countries, such as the United States, where credit card use is more common. Which cultural value does this illustrate? hard work/leisure competitive/cooperative material/nonmaterial postponed gratification/immediate gratification sensual gratification/abstinence

postponed gratification/immediate gratification

Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value? religious/secular individual/collective risk taking/security tradition/change diversity/uniformity

religious/secular

A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its _____. time perspective time meaning uses and gratifications time symbolism time relationship

time perspective

Before a marketer can successfully launch a brand in a foreign country, several nonverbal communication factors need to be understood. One of these factors is time, and international marketers must understand a culture's overall orientation toward time. This is known as a culture's _____. time meaning time interpretation time perspective time relationship time symbolism

time perspective

Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value? active/passive tradition/change extended/limited family masculine/feminine material/nonmaterial

tradition/change

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing? -Marketing across cultural boundaries is a difficult and challenging task. Increasingly, globalization means mutual influence as products, brands ,cultures ,and values move back and forth across the world. -There are both subtle and direct ethical issues involved in international marketing. -While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures. -Cultures may differ in demographics, languages, nonverbal communications, and values.

-While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures.

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____. A. laws B. religions C. cultural values D. sanctions E. edicts

C. cultural values

Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence _____. A. language B. demographics C. nonverbal communications D. valuesE. laws

C. nonverbal communications

Asian societies (i.e., Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A. internallyoriented B. environment-oriented C. other-oriented D. self-oriented E. group-oriented

C. other-oriented

Robert is 15 years old and has recently moved to a new town and therefore, a new high school. He was trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. This group of students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's behavior is an example of a(n) _____. A. norm B. violation C. sanction D. precept E. edict

C. sanction

The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy? A. sensual gratification/abstinence B. competitive/cooperative C. diversity/uniformity D. active/passive E. age/youth

D. active/passive

_____ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. Other-oriented Environment-oriented Self-oriented Externallyoriented Internally oriented

Other-oriented

_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable. Other-oriented Self-oriented Environment-oriented Externallyoriented Internally oriented

Self-oriented

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? colors animals numbers music all of the above

all of the above

Marie has purchased a brand that she has purchased before. However, the first time she used this brand, the product failed and she was dissatisfied. Unfortunately, the second time she purchased this brand, the same thing happened. She's frustrated and wants her money back, but she doesn't feel as though she has any control over this situation. She's decided that she just needs to accept this poor quality and not expect so much from the next product she purchases. Marie can be described as a(n) ______. individualist fatalist collectivist cooperativist other-oriented consumer

fatalist

Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands because they view them as a signal of higher quality? global citizens global dreamers antiglobals global agnostics global trendsetters

global citizens

Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands, values their symbolic aspects, and is less concerned about corporate responsibility? global citizens global dreamers antiglobals global agnostics global trendsetters

global dreamers

Which of the following is an example of an other-oriented value? problemsolving/fatalistic postponed gratification/immediate gratification religious/secular individual/collective risk taking/security Individual/collective is an example of an other-oriented value.

individual/collective