Consumer Behavior Test 1

John was born in 1955, and he has only known prosperity in his lifetime. He remembers when President Kennedy was assassinated, primarily because his family purchased their first color television not long after that event. While he remembers the Vietnam War, he was too young to be drafted. To which generation does he belong? A. pre-Depression generation B. Depression generation C. baby boom generation D. Generation X E. Generation Y

C

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____. A. laws B. religious C. cultural values D.sanctions E. edicts

C

The degree to which an immigrant has adapted to his or her new culture is known as _____. A. dispersion B. traditionalization C. acculturation D. modernization E. secularization

C

To survive in a competitive environment, an organization must provide its target customers more _____ than is provided to them by its competition. A. product B. service C. value D. feedback E. attention

C

Toys-R-Us is examining subcultures in the United States and wants to identify the ethnic subculture that has the greatest percentage of children under the age of 18. Which ethnic group meets this criterion? A. white B. Black C. Hispanic D. Asian American E. South American

C

What is the approximate population of the United States today? A. 100 million B. 249 million C. 320 million D. 350 million E. 498 million

C

Which generation refers to those individuals born during the dramatic increase of births (i.e., almost 80 million baby births) between the end of World War II and 1964? A. pre-Depression generation B. Depression generation C. baby boom generation D. Generation X E. Generation Y

C

Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism? A. Mexico B. India C. United States D. Korea E. Japan

C

Which of the following is NOT generally involved in green marketing? A) developing products whose production, use or disposal is less harmful to the environment than the traditional versions of the product B) developing products that have a positive impact on the environment C) pricing products lower than the competition D) tying the purchase of a product to an environmental organization or event E) all of the above are involved in green marketing

C

Which of the following is an emerging American value? A. materialistic B. individual C. admiring nature D. masculine E. postponed gratification

C

Which of the following is an internal influence on consumer behavior? A. culture B. family C. attitudes D. marketing activities E. reference groups

C

Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of American society? A. aversion to change B. collectivism C. individualism D. extended family E. status

C

Which of the following is predicted to be the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States between 2000 and 2020? A. whites B. blacks C. hispanics D. Asian/Pacific Islander E. South Americans

C

Which of the following is the most widely applied single cue we use to initially evaluate and define individuals we meet? A. age B. income C. occupation D. gender E. education

C

Which subculture is the most diverse group, with numerous nationalities, languages, and religions? A. Hispanics B. African Americans C. Asian Americans D. Native Americans E. Asian-Indian Americans

C

Buzz is a self-employed construction worker. He is proud of his ability to do "real work" and sees himself as the often-unappreciated backbone of America. He dislikes the upper-middle class and prefers products and stores positioned toward his social-class level. Which term best describes Buzz? A. working-class stiff B. "blue blood" class C. white collar worker D. working-class aristocrat E. no-collar worker

D

Even though she was a successful business person and they enjoyed the hood things in life, her family made a conscious decision to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions. A) Downsizing B) Dematerialization C) Voluntary withdrawal D) Voluntary simplicity E) Demarketing

D

How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers? A. by conducting market research B. by offering their products at the lowest price C. by offering extended warranty coverage on products D. by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does E. by offering more variations of a product

D

J&J Produce is a distributor of fresh produce. They conducted a thorough analysis of its market and identified groups of consumers that had similar product-related needs. One particular market identified wanted fresh and unique produce, such as Swiss chard, radicchio, and exotic fruits, and they were willing to pay higher prices for these choices. J&J Produce decided to focus its marketing effort on this segment of the total market. This segment is J&J's _____. A. need set B. primary market C. customer set D. target market E. market focus

D

Malcolm is studying subcultures in the United States. He is trying to identify the subculture that has the highest education levels and median household incomes. Which ethnic group meets these criteria? A. whites B. blacks C. hispanics D. Asian/Pacific Islander E. South Americans

D

Roger is an adult who has moved back in with his parents. He doesn't believe in sacrificing time, energy, and relations to the extent he sees older workers do for the sake of career or economic advancement. He has a master's degree but does not want to work for a large corporation. To which generation does Roger most likely belong? A. pre-Depression generation B. Depression generation C. baby boom generation D. Generation X E. Generation Y

D

The relatively faster growth rate of non-European groups in the United States is due to their _____ A. higher birthrates B. greater immigration C. lower death rates D. a and b E. a, b, and c

D

Which age category is expected to experience the largest percentage increase between 2010 and 2020? A. < 10 B. 20-29 C. 40-49 D. 60-69 E. > 69

D

Which country has the largest percentage of its citizens older than 60 years of age? A. Philippines B. Canada C. United States D. Japan E. Saudi Arabia

D

Which of the following is strongly associated with occupation? A. income B. education C. age D. a and b E. a, b, and c

D

Which of the following is true regarding changes in American cultural values? A. Shifts in cultural values are not observable B. Changes in values tend to occur quickly C. Changes in values tend to occur evenly across individuals and groups D. There is substantial variance in values across individuals and groups E. Cultural values are constant

D

Which of the following statements is true regarding ethnic subcultures? A. European ethnic groups constitute a significant and growing part of the U.S. population B. Hispanics are the largest population group in the southend in urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest C. The influence of ones ethnic heritage on behavior is not influenced by situational factors D. All subcultures are very diverse, and general descriptions do not apply to all of the members E. Ethnicity is the only factor that influences an individuals behavior

D

Which subculture of Hispanics tends to have incomes well above the others? A. Puerto Ricans B. Mexican Americans C. Latinos from Central America D. Cubans E. A and D

D

Which term is used to refer to the application of marketing principles and tactics to advance a cause such as a charity, an ideology, or an activity? A) cause marketing B) social marketing C) personal marketing D) a and b E) a, b, and c

D

While women are vital members of the workforce in the U.S., they are still considered the primary care givers of the children in a family. This represents women's _____ in American society. A) gender B) sex C) gender identity D) gender role E) gender continuum

D

Individualism affects which of the following? A. incentive systems for salespeople B. advertising themes C. product design D. customer complaining behavior E. all of the above

E

Men are more involved than ever in grocery shopping task because of _____ A. generational shifts (younger women are now more educated than men) B. economics (the recent recession resulted in more men out of work) C. Masculine?feminine values (there is a shift to more balance) D. a and c E. all of the above

E

Mia is concerned how her marketing activities will affect individual consumers as well as society at large. Mia is implementing _____. A. conscientious marketing B. regulated marketing C. ethical marketing D. proactive marketing E. social marketing

E

Which of the following are bases for subcultures in the United States? A. ethnic groups B. religions C. geographic areas D. generations E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is NOT a critical question for developing marketing communications? A. Who do we want to communicate with? B. What effect do we want to have? C. What message will achieve the desired result? D. What media should we use? E. all of the above are critical questions

E

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A. demographics B. values C. language D. nonverbal communication E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A. things B. relationships C. space D. symbols E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is a key aspect regarding consumer behavior? A. Organizations are applying theories and information about consumer behavior on a daily basis. B. It is often necessary to conduct research. C. Consumer behavior is a complex, multidimensional process. D. Marketing practices designed to influence consumer behavior involve ethical issues that affect the firm, the individual, and society. E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is a key consideration for each geographic market that a firm is contemplating? A. is the geographic area homogenous or heterogeneous with respect to culture B. What needs can this product to a version of it fill in this culture C. What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product D. In what ways can we communicate about the product E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is a reason why more baby boomers continue to work longer than previous generations? A. necessary due to a low income of some baby boomers B. necessary due to a poor pension plan C. due to changes in Social Security increasing the age at which full benefits can be drawn D. increased desire to stay active in interesting and rewarding careers E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is a traditional American value? A. youth B. competition C. active D. hard work E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? A. colors B. animals C. numbers D. music E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is included in marketing communications? A. advertising B. sales force C. public relations D. packaging E. all of the above

E

Which of the following is used by firms to influence consumers? A. ads B. packages C. store environments D. sales pitches E. all of the above

E

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding African American Internet usage? A. African Americans utilize mobile devices to access social media more than whites. B. African Americans are more likely to access the Web for news and information, such as general news, sports, health, and finances than the general population. C. African Americans prefer a Black perspective on news and information. D. Roughly 81 percent of African American adults are online. E. All of the above are true.

E

While marketers must be sensitive to nationality-based differences, some variables create sufficient cultural homogeneity for most products and advertising campaigns targeted to the Hispanic market. Which of the following is one of those variables? A.common language B. common religion C. emergence of national Spanish-language media D. emergence of national entertainment figures E. all of the above

E

Why is China very attractive to marketers around the world? A. because it represents a collective approach to marketing in contrast to the traditional individualist approach used in the United States and other western cultures B. Chinese consumers are very brand loyal C. they are the heaviest users of the Internet D. Chinese teens are easier to understand because they are less "trendy" than teenagers from other countries E. because of its massive population, rising income, and emerging youth market

E

_____ is the process of describing and explaining the attitudes, values, and behaviors of an age group as well as predicting its future attitudes, values, and behaviors. A. Census analysis B. Demographic analysis C. Generation analysis D. Cognitive analysis E. Cohort analysis

E

Age, gender, education, occupation, and income are examples of _____ variables. A. demographic B. holographic C. geographic D. psychographic E. pornographics

A

Auxiliary or peripheral activities that are performed to enhance the primary product or primary service is referred to as _____. A. service B. supplemental product C. intangible benefits D. secondary product E. ancillary attributes

A

Bicultural Hispanic teens tend to ____. A. feel more pressure to blend in and "be American" than their parents B. reject the presence of Latin American icons C. acculturate by adding another culture, not by replacing their first culture D. replace their first culture but continue to speak Spanish exclusively E. strive to communicate and lead the same traditional Hispanic lifestyle of their parents

A

Bob and his friends go out every weekend and drink until they get drunk. Then they drive home in that condition. Which type of consumption does this represent? A. injurious consumption B. severe consumption C. conspicuous consumption D. unethical consumption E. anti-social consumption

A

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of? A. nonverbal communications B. natural resources C. economic conditions D. exchange rates E all of the above

A

Marketers have responded to Americans' increasing concern for the environment with an approach called _____. A) green marketing B) clean marketing C) environmental marketing D) activist marketing E) cause-related marketing

A

Rod is surveying consumers to gain a better understanding of his restaurant's image relative to competing restaurants. Rod is concerned with his restaurant's _____. A. position B. equity C. placement D. driver E. satisfaction index

A

Those who work in such professions as architecture, science, engineering, and health care and business who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving are referred to as _____. A) the creative class B) social engineers C) the developers D) trend setters E) true naturals

A

Trademarks A. for the most part need to be established on a country-by-country basis B. can be established globally C. were a legal concern in the past but with the rise of globalization are no longer an issue D. represent an aspect power-distance in global marketing efforts E. all of the above

A

Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as _____. A. standardisation B. optimization C. cross-culturalization D. marketing imperialism E. cross-fertilization

A

Which changing American value has been blamed for the fact that people aged 18 to 40 are most likely to admit that they are spending beyond their comfort range? A) the shift toward immediate gratification B) the shift toward a more religious society C) the shift toward voluntary simplicity D) the shift toward becoming more active E) the shift away from being fatalistic

A

Which generation of Hispanic adults was born outside the United States, has the lowest income and education, is most likely to identify themselves as Hispanic, is most likely to have Spanish as their primary language, and is most likely to possess traditional values including a masculine view of the family decision hierarchy? A. first-generation adults B. second-generation adults C. third-generation adults D. primary-generation adults E. secondary -generation adults

A

Which is NOT a reason why Americans work long hours? A) minimum wage is higher the more hours worked B) because of their material orientation C) because they may lack skills or job opportunities to provide even a moderate lifestyle without doing so D) work is meaningful and valuable to them E) all of the above are reasons why Americans work long hours

A

Which term describes consumers' purchase and use of automobiles, homes, yachts, clothes, and so forth primarily to demonstrate their great wealth? A. conspicuous consumption B. outrageous consumption C. obnoxious consumption D. nouveaux consumption E. "blue blood" consumption

A

_____ represents how one lives, including the products one buys, how one uses them, what one thinks about them, and how one feels about them. A. Lifestyle B. Self-concept C. Position D. Status E. Social class

A

A segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior is known as a A. market segment B. subculture C. ethnic group D. reference group E. subgroup

B

A shift back to an emphasis on postponed gratification in American would most likely _____. A. increase the use of credit B. decrease the use of credit C. alter the timing of television commercials D. expand the use of Internet shopping E. none of the above

B

America is basically a _____. That is, the educational system, government, and political process are not controlled by a religious group, and most people's daily behaviors are not guided by strict religious guidelines. A. Godless society B. secular society C. religious society D. non-Christian society E. regional society

B

Andrew is not concerned about the environment. He has no problem with the pollution coming from his 1965 Chevy, and he refuses to recycle. To which environmental activism segment would Andrew belong? A. Green Naives B. Eco-Villains C. Skeptical Individuals D. Proud Traditionalists E. none of the above

B

Earl did not complete high school and works as a janitor at two jobs. His income is very low, and he does not possess any skills to help him get a better paying job. Which social class best describes Earl? A. lower-lower class B. upper-lower class C. working class D. lower-middle class E. middle class

B

In Japan, the exchange of meishi is the most basic of social rituals in a nation where social ritual matters very much. The act of exchanging meishi is weighted with meaning. Once the social minuet is completed, the two know where they stand in relation to each other and their respective statures within the hierarchy of corporate or government bureaucracy. What is "meishi"? A. shaking hands B. exchange of business cards C. introductions by a third party D. formal invitation E. bows

B

The ______ is a great place to find demographic data on the United States population A. American Marketing Journal B. census C. newspaper D. Wall street journal E. blogosphere

B

The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____. A. rules B. norms C. prescriptions D. precepts E. sanctions

B

The gay market has been estimated to comprise _____ of the adult U.S. population. A) 1 percent B) 5-7 percent C) 10 percent D) 15-20 percent E) 25 percent

B

The nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as _____. A. intimate space B. personal space C. sphere of influence D. range of interaction E. interaction space

B

The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to the target market is referred to as the _____. A. need set B. marketing mix C. marketing set D. decision set E. value proposition

B

What is the LAST step in market segmentation? A. describing each group B. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve C. identifying product-related need sets D. grouping customers with similar need sets E. deciding the segmenting scheme

B

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the population of the United States has grown steadily since 1960? A. longer life expectancies B. increasing birth rate for most of the period between 1960 and today C. immigration D. baby boomers moving through child-bearing years E. all of the above are reasons why the population of the United States has grown

B

Which of the following is NOT an application of consumer behavior? A. marketing strategy B. human resource management C. regulatory policy D. informed consumers E. social marketing

B

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A. Culture is a relatively simple concept B. Culture is acquired C. Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior D. the nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them E. All of the above

B

Which one of these factors is not true regarding globalization: A. Standardized marketing can offer a cost cost saving B. Uniformity is always possible C. Values and demographics require adapting to cultural differences D. An ad that appeals to some countries might be inappropriate in others E. all of these factors are true

B

Which type of subculture arises as a result of climatic conditions, the natural environment and resources, the characteristics of the various immigrant groups that have settled there, and significant social and political events? A. ethnic B. regional C. religious D. generational E. transient

B

_____ is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. A. Marketing B. Consumer behavior C. Psychographics D. Demographics E. Psychology

B

As unsubstantiated green claims increased in number and scope, the FTC developed the ___ to help alleviate concern over the potential for marketers to mislead consumers. A. Biodegradable ACT of 2005 B. Marketing Required Guidelines C. Green Guides D. a and b E. all of the above were developed by the FTC

C

By 2030, what percentage of the U.S. population will be made up of non-European ethnic groups? A. 80 B. 36 C. 47 D. 25 E. 55

C

Carl is a physician earning $300,000 per year. Using the Coleman-Rainwater system, identify the social class to which Carl belongs A. upper-upper B. lower-upper C. upper-middle D. middle E. working

C

Cause-Related Marketing ties a company and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of improving sales or corporate image while providing benefits to the cause. Which of the following is the example of cause related marketing? A. A company donates $10,000 to a school to purchase computers B. A company recognizes alternative lifestyles among its employees and allows benefits accordingly C. A company donates $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers. D. A company features educational health information in its product advertising E. A company hires physically challenged employees

C

In which country is the concept of guanxi, which involves personal relationships, an important consideration? A. United States B. Canada C. China D. India E. Saudi Arabia

C

It is critical that a firm consider value from which perspective? A. the competition's B. the firm's C. the customer's D. the government's E. the industry's

C