Consumer Psych Exam 3

1) Tomorrow, Janice will be attending a party with a buffet. In anticipation of splurging on delicious food, she is eating very little today. Janice is using a ________ to help her estimate consumption over time and regulate her behavior

mental budget

25) The perception of time is different in different cultures. It would likely be most accepted for employees to be paid by the hour in a culture with which of the following perceptions of time

pressure cooker

97) ________ consumption occurs with objects and events that are considered to be ordinary and everyday

profane

15) People often make decisions on the basis of mental accounting. One facet of this accounting is making a decision based on the way a problem was posed. This is called ________

framing

91) ________ refers to a stage in the gift-giving process, where the giver procures an item to make some event

gestation

16) A mental or problem-solving shortcut to make a decision is called a(n) ________

heuristic

70) ________ group members tend to be tightly knit, and they infer meaning that goes beyond the spoken word

high context culture

58) A tendency for people to marry in a social class similar to their own is called ________

homogamy

44) Within groups, informal rules of behavior are called ________

norms

56) ________ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another

social mobility

35) ________ describes the capacity to alter the actions of others

social power

65) Amos always felt that it was unfair that society created artificial divisions that discouraged him from having friends from different social structures. Which of the following terms describes the process that Amos is having difficulty with

social stratification

93) Brands that we closely link to our rituals are called ________ brands; once they become imbedded in our rituals we are unlikely to replace them

fortress

90) According to Dennis Rook, a key aspect of a ritual is ________

a set of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and is repeated periodically

52) The average American's standard of living continues to improve. These income shifts are linked to two key factors: ________ and ________

a shift in women's roles; increases in educational attainment

69) Manuel still remembers the impact of his first college class in the United States. As a new immigrant, he was sincere in his desire to learn about the American culture that he had chosen to adopt. His college professor taught Manuel many things about the American culture. In doing so, the professor was acting as a(n) ________

acculturation agent

60) A person who receives rewards and status because of his hard work is said to have ________ status

achieved

74) Which of the "Big Three" American subcultures makes up 13% of the population

Afican Americans

83) Items such as Swiffer, Keurig, and Dove target ________

baby boomers

3) A customer buying an unfamiliar product that carries a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in ________ decision making

cognitive

79) An age ________ consists of people of similar ages who have undergone similar experiences

cohort

41) According to the principle of least interest, the person who is least ________ has the most power in the relationship

committed to staying in the relationship

20) Which of the following is an unpleasant psychological state

crowding

71) The process whereby a product formerly associated with a specific ethnic group is detached from its roots and marketed to other subcultures is called ________

de-ethnization

53) Consumers who buy everything in sight are called ________

spendthrifts

68) The lower classes use more restrictive codes than do the upper classes. How does this knowledge change the way insurance might be sold to a working-class man compared to an upper-class man

the promotion to the working-class man should emphasize his immediate satisfaction in knowing that his family will be cared for, while the upper-class promotion should emphasize the long-term consequences of the choice

75) Maria Gomez is thrilled to be in the United States. After spending her childhood years in Mexico, she is looking forward to the freedom given to teenage girls in the United States. "I can wear shorts, pantsuits, and even halter tops and no one will think badly of me," says Maria. Maria is in the process of ________

adaptation

5) Decisions driven by our emotional responses to a product are called ________

affective

61) Anna is a millionaire but she is constantly stressed and unhappy despite her wealth, Anna is experiencing ________

affluenza

95) As a relationship grows and progresses, gift giving tends to become more ________

altruistic

39) Which of the following is a new kind of avoidance group that has grown in popularity through the Web

anti-brand communities

43) When companies use celebrities in their ads they are using the principle of ________ reference groups

aspirational

72) In the process of ________, new immigrants adopt products, habits, and values they identify with the mainstream culture

assimilation

54) Fred Johnson has worked hard all of his life to make a decent living for himself and his family. However, in recent years he has become obsessed with a fear of being ruined, either because of losing his job or losing all of his savings. According to clinical psychologists, Fred Johnson's fear of being ruined is equated to ________

atephobia

29) A store environment that has been made to resemble a living room where customers can relax, hang out with friends, or even learn is referred to as a(n) ________

being space

64) Which of the following phrases is the best illustration of homogamy

birds of a feather flock together

51) A type of virtual community of consumption based on sharing online journals is called ________

blogs

13) A consumer who buys the same brand over and over again exhibits ________

brand loyalty

80) One of the goals of marketing to Gen Yers has been to allow them to remain free of the restraints of wires and cords, but still have media available at any time. The lifestyle created by this approach is referred to as ________

connexity

67) John Jones purchases products to show visible evidence of his ability to afford luxury goods, John is practicing ________

conspicuous consumption

2) According to ________, we evaluate the effort we'll need to make a particular choice and then we tailor the amount of cognitive "effort" we expend to make that choice

constructive processing

33) Every summer, thousands of bikers converge on Sturgis, South Dakota, filling up every campground, motel, and hotel within miles of the city. This annual meeting is an example of a gathering of a(n) ________

consumer tribe

19) A ________ includes a buyer, a seller, a product or service and other factors, such as how the physical environment makes one feel

consumption situation

88) Movie and restaurant reviewers, magazine editors, retail buyers and DJ's are considered ________ because they filter information

cultural gatekeepers

38) A reason why consumers conform is ________

cultural pressures, fear of deviance, commitment

17) Directories and portals, Web site evaluators, forums, fan clubs, and user groups are all forms of which of the following

cybermediaries

7) Dimensions we use to judge the merits of competing options are called ________

evaluative criteria

84) ________ refers to analytical techniques that combine data on consumer expenditures and other socioeconomic factors with geographic information

geodemography

66) Luminaries from Amazon, Google, and Twitter tend to use ________

glamping

49) Anna and David both have the same college degree, belong to the same social class, and attend the same church. This situation illustrates ________

homophily

62) Sandra decided to become a nurse after several years as an elementary teacher. She still wanted to help people but in a different manner. Sandra's case is an example of which of the following

horizontal mobility

86) Which functional area of culture is most closely related to the idea of a common worldview

ideology

10) Latrell finds that every time he goes to select athletic shoes he always buys the same brand. In fact, he doesn't even remember trying on any of the other competitive brands even though some of these brands have attractive styles and prices. Latrell's purchase decision process has become one of less and less effort. Latrell's decision process in an example of ________

inertia

59) With respect to social organization, some barnyard animals exhibit signs of a dominance-submission hierarchy. Which of the following terms best illustrates such a hierarchy

king-of-the-hill

12) Kraft has repackaged its salad dressings as "anything" dressings to encourage people to shift their ________ and consider the dressings as a complement to more than just salads

knowledge structures

28) Innovative merchants have turned to retail theming to provide new ways to stimulate and encourage consumers during their shopping experience. A retailer that used a simulated outdoor environment (such as a fishing pond with real fish) to attract outdoor enthusiasts to the retail store is using a ________ theme

landscape

32) A garage sale is an example of what is called ________

lateral cycling

34) Stephanie loves flea markets and garage sales. She spends most of her Saturday mornings going from one to another. About once a month, she holds her own garage sale just to get rid of some of the items she purchases during the month. Stephanie is actively engaged in ________

lateral cycling

46) Margaret stayed on top of what was happening in the marketplace, but she was not necessarily the first to purchase items when they first came out. Margaret would be classified as a(n) ________

market maven

76) With respect to the acculturation process, what is the relationship between maintenance and segregation

new immigrants often attempt to maintain their old cultural backgrounds by segregating themselves, living and shopping in physically separated areas from the main culture

6) If a consumer's ideal state is very near or identical to his or her actual state, which of the following best describes the type of problem recognition the consumer would most likely have

no problem recognized

14) Chen Lo uses a decision rule that says "Only buy well-known brand names" when selecting a set of golf clubs. He does not look at price, the store, or even discounts when purchasing clubs. Chen Lo's purchasing pattern is an example of a consumer using a ________

noncompensatory

81) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic conflicts common to all teens

none of the following: Autonomy vs. Belonging, Rebellion vs. Conformity, Idealism vs. Pragmatism, Narcissism vs. Intimacy

87) All of the following are subsystems in a culture production system EXCEPT a ________ subsystem

none of the following: creative, managerial, communications

94) Which of the following is NOT one of the three distinct stages of gift-giving rituals

none of the following: gestation, presentation, reformulation

89) Which of the following is NOT one of the four interrelated functions of myths in a culture

none of the following: metaphysical, cosmological, sociological, psychological

11) Tanya type scans the newspaper ads every day for new information about current fashion styles and trends, even though she isn't thinking about buying clothes anytime soon. Tanya is engaging in a(n) ________ search

ongoing

50) ________ are generally more involved in a product category and actively search for information

opinion seekers

85) Culture is best described as a society's ________

personality

55) A ________ is an economy that is driven by a fairly small group of rich people

plutonomy

22) A ________ orientation dimension distinguishes between people who prefer to do one thing at a time and those who have multitasking timestyles

polychronic

9) Which of the following occurs when a consumer uses a selected product and decides whether it merits his/her expectations

postpurchase evaluation

100) ________ is the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally

power distance

92) The story goes that a young George Washington cut down his father's cherry tree with a hatchet. Young Washington was then asked who might have committed this act. Even though the boy feared punishment, George replied, "I cannot tell a lie; I cut down the cherry tree." This story has taken on mythical proportions in the United States. Which of the follow functions does the myth best match

psychological function

18) According to the consumer behavior model presented in the text, the ________ includes the shopping experience, point-of-purchase stimuli, and sales interactions

purchase environment

4) A hot and thirsty customer buys a cool drink and finds it very satisfying. He then buys another drink even though he had not initially planned on buying two and even though he is no longer thirsty. This is an example of ________

purchase momentum

24) The psychological dimension of time or how it is experienced is an important factor in what mathematical study

queuing theory

36) A(n) ________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior

reference group

37) If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors, the person that is copied has ________ power

referent

40) Phillip admires the qualities of the Sigma Chi Fraternity on his college campus. Since he has decided to try and pledge this group, he begins to imitate the qualities that he perceives the group has. What type of power does the fraternity seem to be displaying with respect to Phillip and his behavior

referent power

47) In general, advertising is more effective when it ________ than when it ________

reinforces our product preferences; tries to create new product preferences

77) The popularity of the movie The Passion of the Christ, the book The Da Vinci Code, and the musical The Book of Mormon are evidence of which of the following

religious themes can effectively be used by mainstream marketers

98) Through the process of ________, objects associated with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right

sacralization

99) Thomas and his family recently toured the Gettysburg Battlefield on their vacation. The area was rich in history. While walking, Thomas remembered all the accounts of the battle that he had read in school. He finally understood why this place had such a special meaning in American history and to Americans in general. Gettysburg Battlefield is best classified as ________

sacred

31) Tara was shopping for a new pair of shoes for work. The salesperson was very helpful and friendly, bringing Tara some styles she hadn't thought to try on but that she ended up really liking. Noticing Tara's University of Wisconsin tee-shirt, the salesperson said that she was a student there. Tara ended up buying three pairs of shoes rather than the one pair she had planned on. Tara's experience shows the effect of ________ on consumer behavior

salespeople

30) Hedonic shopping motives include ________

social experiences, interpersonal interaction, thrill of the hunt

42) Several research methods are used to study reference groups and opinion leadership. ________ methods trace communication patterns among members of a group. These techniques allow researchers to systematically map out the interactions that take place among group members

sociometric

8) Which of the following best describes intelligent agents

sophisticated software programs that use collaborative filtering technologies to learn from past user behavior in order to recommend new purchases

63) ________ describes consumers in terms of their aesthetic and intellectual preferences

taste culture

57) Although teenagers do not have the income of older consumers, they are still an attractive marked based on income. Why

teenagers don't have the income of adults, but it's almost all discretionary, meaning they can spend it as they see fit

96) Sharon is upset with her secretary. Though everyone in the office agreed not to give Christmas presents this year, Sharon's secretary gave her an expensive bottle of perfume. Which of the following best identifies the source of Sharon's feelings

the reciprocity norm

78) An extended family unit is characterized by ________ living together

three generations of a family

23) A study found that women who engage in extensive information search and comparison shopping were most likely to select which of the following metaphors to express their perspective of time

time is a map

21) Allison felt she was always pressed for time; she was feeling ________

time poverty

27) Most Americans will state that they are always rushed for time even though many people have opportunities for leisure. This perception is referred to as ________

time poverty

73) Through the process of ________, immigrants make the unfamiliar familiar by integrating symbols from their former lives into their new homes

warming

48) Sophie tells Nick about a great new restaurant. Sophie is practicing ________

word-of-mouth communication