copd - kiana

An increase in the severity of a disease or in any of its signs or symptoms.

Exacerbation

Which of the following is NOT typically found in a patient with COPD?

restrictive disease

Which airways are most susceptible to airway obstruction in patients with COPD?

small

A 70-Year-old man's chief complaint is dyspnea on exertion. He has a smoking history of two packs per day for the past 50 years. He has a barrel-shaped chest and significantly decreased breath sounds. His chest radiograph shows hyperinflation, especially in the apices, flattened diaphragms, and a small heart. He admits to a morning cough but denies significant sputum production. What factor should you focus on to help the patient control his condition?

stop smoking

Where does COPD rank among the leading causes of death in the United States?

third

What is the approximate cost of COPD to the U.S. health system?

$32 billion

List three late signs of COPD

- mental changes - Edema accessory - muscles use

List four common symptoms of COPD

- shortness of breath - wheezing - mucus production - cough

A comprehensive smoking cessation program include what elements 1. Instruction 2.Group counseling 3. Nicotine replacement therapy 4. demonstration 5.excerise

1,2 and 3

Mechanisms of airflow obstruction of COPD 1. inflammation of small airways 2. obstruction of small airways 3. obstruction of large airways 4. loss of elasticity 5. bronchospasm

1,2,4 and5

A 70-Year-old man's chief complaint is dyspnea on exertion. He has a smoking history of two packs per day for the past 50 years. He has a barrel-shaped chest and significantly decreased breath sounds. His chest radiograph shows hyperinflation, especially in the apices, flattened diaphragms, and a small heart. He admits to a morning cough but denies significant sputum production. How many pack years?

100 patients pack years

What percentage of all cases of COPD is caused by an α1-antitrypsin deficiency?

2% to 3%

Typically the age of patient COPD onset

6th -7th decade

resulting in airway narrowing in response to a known or unknown stimulus

Airway hyperresponsiveness

swelling of the air passages that results in a temporary narrowing of the airways that carry oxygen to the lungs.

Airway inflammation

a condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred.

Bronchiestasis

a tightening of the muscles that line the airways (bronchi) in your lungs. When these muscles tighten, your airways narrow.

Bronchospasm

What lung disease is the most common current indication for lung transplantation?

COPD

when a cough with mucus persists for most days of the month, for at least three months, and at least two years in a row.

Chronic bronchitis

Which of the following signs associated with COPD is considered a late manifestation?

accessory muscle usage

The mechanisms of airway obstruction in COPD include all of the following, except:

airway remodeling

a 60-year-old man has smoked a pack of cigarettes per day since he was a teenager He complains of a chronic productive cough that is producing thick, yellow sputum. He is admitted to the medical floor with a fever and shortness of breath. Blood gases reveal pH of 7.35, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, PaO2 57 mm Hg. Physical examination show pedal edema, distended neck veins, and use of accessory muscles of ventilation. He has scattered wheezing and course crackles on auscultation. What respiratory medication would you recommend?

bronchodilator

Which of the following signs and symptoms is most closely associated with respiratory failure in a COPD patient?

changes in mental status

a 60-year-old man has smoked a pack of cigarettes per day since he was a teenager He complains of a chronic productive cough that is producing thick, yellow sputum. He is admitted to the medical floor with a fever and shortness of breath. Blood gases reveal pH of 7.35, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, PaO2 57 mm Hg. Physical examination show pedal edema, distended neck veins, and use of accessory muscles of ventilation. He has scattered wheezing and course crackles on auscultation. What type of COPD is most likely?

chronic bronchitis

Which complaint is most closely associated with the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?

chronic productive cough

What is the leading risk factor for the development of COPD?

cigarette smoking

A 60-year-old man has smoked a pack of cigarettes per day since he was a teenager He complains of a chronic productive cough that is producing thick, yellow sputum. He is admitted to the medical floor with a fever and shortness of breath. Blood gases reveal pH of 7.35, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, PaO2 57 mm Hg. Physical examination show pedal edema, distended neck veins, and use of accessory muscles of ventilation. He has scattered wheezing and course crackles on auscultation. Interpret the ABG

fully compensated respiratory acidosis

What is the benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with moderate to severe COPD?

improves exercise tolerance

What treatment for patients with COPD has been shown to improve long-term survival?

oxygen

a 60-year-old man has smoked a pack of cigarettes per day since he was a teenager He complains of a chronic productive cough that is producing thick, yellow sputum. He is admitted to the medical floor with a fever and shortness of breath. Blood gases reveal pH of 7.35, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, PaO2 57 mm Hg. Physical examination show pedal edema, distended neck veins, and use of accessory muscles of ventilation. He has scattered wheezing and course crackles on auscultation. What is the immediate respiratory treatment in this case?

oxygen therapy

Which of the following medications is indicated for REGULAR use in patients with stable COPD?

β2-agonists