Corey Midterm - Chapters 1-6
"13. Which of the following models of ethical decision making focuses primarily on the social aspects of decision making and redefines the process as being interactive rather than intrapsychic? a. Social constructionist model b. Transcultural integrative model c. Feminist model d. Sociocultural model"
A
"14. Ethics codes tend to be: a. reactive rather than proactive. b. no longer relevant. c. clear and direct. d. proactive rather than reactive."
A
"18. The first essential step towards ethical decision making is: a. identifying the problem or dilemma. b. knowing the applicable laws. c. choosing a solution. d. reviewing the process."
A
"25. Autonomy refers to: a. the promotion of self-determination and the freedom of clients to be self-governing within their social and cultural framework. b. avoiding doing harm to clients. c. the act of increasing client dependency. d. the process used to lead a client to a specific decision."
A
"26. Although the ethics codes of the various professional organizations have specific differences, some of the common themes include: a. being interested in the welfare of clients, avoiding harm and exploitation, and protecting client's confidentiality and privacy. b. practicing outside the scope of one's competence and utilizing mandatory ethics. c. avoiding discrimination of client ethnicity while providing minimal services. d. acting ethically responsible and focused on limiting professional sanctions."
A
"29. Practitioners can help expand their awareness and clarify their values in dealing with the challenges of their work through: a. reading and reflecting on the standards. b. meditation and relaxation. c. years of experience. d. reading self-help books."
A
"5. The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to: a. educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability, and serve as a catalyst for improving practice. b. protect professionals from lawsuits. c. set standards that must be followed no matter the situation. d. enhance the image of the helping professions."
A
"9. Richard is counseling a male Asian client and is encouraging him to go to college even though he is expected to take care of his aging parents. Richard is violating the following basic moral principle in making ethical decisions: a. non-maleficence. b. autonomy. c. beneficence. d. fidelity."
A
1. All of the following pose a number of potential ethical problems with regard to protecting client privacy EXCEPT: a. face-to-face interaction. b. telephone and cellular phone. c. answering machine and voicemail. d. fax and e-mail.
A
1. With respect to values in the counseling process, the authors contend that: a. it is important that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter the therapeutic process. b. counselors can avoid communicating values to their clients by not explicitly sharing them. c. it is best to keep values hidden so they won't contaminate their client's choices. d. their job is to help clients conform to socially acceptable standards.
A
10. According to the authors, the first step in the process of acquiring multicultural counseling skills in a training program should be that students: a. become involved in a self-exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethnic blind spots. b. start a social advocacy campaign and become politically involved on campus. c. free themselves from all racist thoughts, actions and feelings. d. have their value system conform to an "acceptable norm."
A
11. Martina has been working at a crisis intervention center for three years and is starting to have nightmares about her work. Despite having a strong work ethic, she dreads her job because she feels burdened by the lack of power she has in making decisions pertaining to the treatment of her clients. Martina is experiencing: a. burnout. b. institutional countertransference. c. institutional transference. d. the precursor to mental illness.
A
11. ___________ is a three-stage developmental sequence, from multicultural awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications. a. Culture-centered counseling b. Oppressed counseling c. Cultural immersion d. Social justice work in counseling
A
12. The U.S. District Court, in Julea Ward vs. Eastern Michigan University, ruled that: a. the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. the university was justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds. c. the university was not justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. d. the university was not justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.
A
12. Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are: a. consultation and documentation. b. assessment and orientation. c. individual therapy and group therapy. d. diagnosis and informed consent.
A
13. To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which: a. the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care. b. the client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care. c. there was no professional relationship between therapist and client. d. the client was explained informed consent in detail and the therapist practiced within his or her scope of capacity.
A
14. As therapists, we are often in the role of giver; to preserve our vitality, we need to create spaces in which the "giver" can be supported. A necessary form of ongoing self-care to help in this support is: a. personal therapy. b. decreasing number of clients. c. engaging in fieldwork and internship experiences. d. to begin practicing psychotherapy.
A
14. Disclosures should be given in: a. plain language in a culturally sensitive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning. b. elevated language that will impress consumers and give them confidence in the services they are about to receive. c. writing that makes it unnecessary to discuss informed consent during sessions. d. several languages since we live in a multicultural society.
A
17. Marty believes that premarital sex is morally wrong. He has an agenda to convince his single clients to avoid having sexual intercourse before they are married. This is referred to as: a. value imposition. b. good sense. c. value exploration. d. duty to protect.
A
17. ______________ moves beyond cultural awareness and focuses on active support and advocacy, including promoting equality and justice for underserved and oppressed groups of people. a. Social justice b. Cultural pluralism c. Color blindness d. Cultural tunnel vision
A
18. The authors state that, in many ways, therapeutic encounters serve as mirrors in which therapists can see their own lives reflected. As a result: a. therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client. b. many therapists become narcissistic. c. therapists tend to commit ethical violations stemming from blurred boundaries. d. the therapist cannot experience change.
A
19. ___________ is a sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race. a. Ethnicity b. Multiculturalism c. Pluralism d. Commonality
A
2. Ronald directs his clients toward solutions instead of encouraging them to seek alternatives for themselves. He is likely to have a strong need: a. for approval and/or to feel a sense of achievement and accomplishment. b. to allow the client to come up with solutions. c. to empower his client. d. to nurture his client.
A
20. _____________ is the appropriate and ethical course of action to take when a client's needs are outside the scope of your competence. a. Referral b. Privileged communication c. Consultation with an attorney d. Termination of services
A
21. Client dependence is less of an issue: a. with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions. b. if the therapist is experiencing problems and is unaware of these problems. c. when the therapist is in control of the session. d. when the therapist is not practicing self-care.
A
21. ___________ are essentially the same as psychotherapy notes. They address the client's transference reactions and the therapist's subjective impressions of the client. a. Process notes b. Progress notes c. Diagnostic notes d. Treatment summary
A
21. ___________ refers to individual differences on a number of variables that place clients at risk for discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status. a. Diversity b. Multipluralism c. Discriminatory variables d. Oppression
A
23. Cathy is an eating disorders specialist who has a past history of bulimia. Given her personal experiences with dysfunctional eating patterns, Cathy: a. can draw upon her life experiences in her work as a counselor. b. should abandon her specialization and choose a new area to specialize in so as to practice ethically. c. should assume that her clients developed their dysfunctional eating patterns for the same reasons that she developed bulimia. d. should be very open with her clients about her struggles with bulimia and tell them her own stories to make them feel more comfortable.
A
25. In dealing with clients who hold different values, you are advised to: a. work collaboratively to identify and clarify their value system and determine the degree to which they are living in accordance with their core beliefs and values. b. persuade them to adopt your values. c. persuade them to adopt the values of the counseling profession, which are based on the Judeo-Christian tradition. d. forget about your own values temporarily.
A
26. In most cases, therapists will not have advanced warning that a client is dangerous. Therefore, therapists must be prepared for such an eventuality. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion from the authors' for preparation? a. Limit disclosure to all clients until they are deemed safe. b. Take at least one workshop in the assessment and management of dangerous clients. c. Know how to contact the legal counsel of your professional organization. d. Familiarize yourself with professionals who are experienced in dealing with violence and know how to reach them.
A
26. Many ________________ have difficulty acknowledging race-related issues because they stir up guilt feelings about their privileged status and threaten their self-image as moral, fair, and decent human beings. a. White Americans b. Mexican Americans c. Asian Americans d. African Americans
A
26. _______________ is the practice of focusing on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of problems that may injure clients and lead to filing an ethics complaint or a malpractice action. a. Risk management b. Informed consent c. Termination d. Standard of care
A
28. Even if clients argue that they can do what they want with their own lives, including taking them, therapists with suicidal clients have a legal: a. duty to protect. b. duty to warn. c. privacy issue. d. privileged communication issue.
A
28. Value discrimination could be defined as: a. when a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shares differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. considering a referral only when you clearly lack the necessary skills to deal with the issues presented by the client. c. a counselor directly attempting to influence a client to adopt their values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. d. the ability of counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process.
A
29. An ethical obligation that provides a major link between ethics and self-care is: a. competence. b. countertransference. c. the therapeutic relationship. d. personal therapy.
A
29. Neither the clients' and therapists' ____________, nor the interactions between the two, were significantly associated with the clients' perceptions of their therapists' level of multicultural competency. a. ethnicity b. multiculturalism c. cultural empathy d. unintentional racism
A
3. Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts: a. need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client. b. must resolve all their difficulties before counseling others. c. are quite effective because they know how difficult it is to resolve problems. d. need to repress anxiety-provoking issues in their own lives before becoming effective counselors
A
30. A spiritual assessment provides: a. insight into how a client relates to spirituality and religion and how this may be affecting the client. b. the therapist with the opportunity to educate the client on the best religion to follow. c. an opportunity for the therapist to relax and not listen as intently to the client. d. minimal information about the client.
A
30. Records are: a. vital to review the course of treatment. The manner in which you document treatment is likely to determine the outcome of the case. b. important; however, the legal system does not expect a therapist to spend hours documenting treatment. c. only important during legal proceedings. d. necessary in order to diagnose suicidal or homicidal clients only.
A
32. There are three types of ______________: health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit health information by electronic means. a. covered entities b. computer transactions c. administrative positions d. HIPAA rules
A
34. Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races is the definition of: a. racial microaggressions. b. cultural diversity. c. cultural pluralism. d. social justice work.
A
35. Which of the following is NOT an alternative technology to online counseling? a. Tablets b. Telehealth c. Telephone counseling d. Smartphones
A
4. Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today? a. They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client's life, and can be a significant source of strength. b. The role of spirituality in counseling is not considered an appropriate topic for discussion. c. Spiritual and religious matters are not therapeutically relevant. d. The therapist does not need to be sincerely interested in the client's spiritual beliefs to utilize them in the therapeutic process.
A
4. ________ is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist. a. Transference b. Countertransference c. Projection d. Mirroring
A
5. Statements such as "Minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament" and "In order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working" do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of: a. stereotypical beliefs. b. guiding principles for action. c. cultural tolerance. d. challenging culture-bound values.
A
6. Susan is quite distressed after finding out her husband has been unfaithful. She tells her counselor that she is so angry that she feels like killing him. Upon hearing this, the counselor needs to: a. question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing physical harm to her husband. b. warn the husband that he is in potential danger. c. commit Susan to a hospital until she can overcome her anger. d. threaten to terminate services with Susan if she continues to talk about killing her husband.
A
6. Thomas has AIDS and has decided to end his life rather than continue suffering. The counselor he is working with does not condone rational suicide. In this case, the counselor needs to: a. work with Thomas rather than referring him, and seek supervision and education to assist the counselor to be more capable of working with Thomas. b. learn as much as possible about the course of Thomas's illness. c. explore the impact of Thomas's religious beliefs on making his decision to end his life. d. help Thomas seek medical treatment that will help him cope with his pain.
A
8. _______________ was passed by Congress to promote standardization and efficiency in the health care industry and to give patients more rights and control over their health information a. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) b. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA) c. The H1N1 Prevention Act d. The Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act
A
9. Research has provided evidence that therapists' values influence: a. every phase of psychotherapy. b. every phase of psychotherapy except for termination. c. only the initial phase of psychotherapy. d. no phase of psychotherapy if it is conducted properly.
A
9. __________________ is/are not reserved exclusively for the irresponsible practitioner. Clients may make allegations of unethical conduct or file a legal claim due to negligence, even though the counselor may have acted ethically and appropriately. a. Malpractice claims b. Legal matters and risk management c. Addictions counseling d. Ethical aspects of practice
A
"10. Jan, an incest survivor, is covered for six sessions by her insurance. Her counselor is in private practice and knows that Jan needs more sessions. She decides to offer Jan her services pro bono. In making the ethical decision to ensure that her client has equal access to services, the counselor is using the basic moral principal of: a. fidelity. b. justice. c. nonmaleficence. d. autonomy."
B
"12. In an attempt to convince her young client to practice safe sex, Valerie fabricated her own statistics and facts about the hazards of unprotected sex. In this instance, Valerie violated the principle of: a. fidelity. b. veracity. c. beneficence. d. justice."
B
"15. Reporting requirements in codes: a. are specific and follow state laws and regulations. b. may not align with state laws or regulations. c. may not align with state laws, but align with state regulations. d. may align with state laws, but not align with state regulations."
B
"20. Which of the following statements is true with regard to ethical codes? a. Issues can be handled solely by relying on ethics codes. b. Conflicts sometimes emerge within ethics codes and among various organizations' codes. c. Ethics codes tend to be proactive rather than reactive. d. Codes do not conflict with institutional policies and practices."
B
"27. Each major mental health professional organization has its own code of ethics; however, most of these codes are: a. specific and informative, giving answers to all ethical dilemmas. b. broad and general and do not provide specific answers to ethical dilemmas. c. not necessary to obtain or read. d. old and outdated, not pertaining to current ethical dilemmas."
B
"28. Ethics codes are _____________ for exercising ethical responsibility. a. unnecessary b. necessary, but not sufficient c. cookbooks d. non-limiting"
B
"3. James and Mary were in counseling for marital problems. The counselor decided to meet each partner in an individual session before meeting them as a couple. James confided that he was HIV-positive and was not going to tell his spouse because she would know that he had been unfaithful. The counselor decided to break confidentially after attempts to encourage James to inform his wife of his condition were unsuccessful. The counselor's action: a. was legal and ethical. b. may be considered ethical, but the practitioner could be in violation of a legal standard. c. was unethical, but legal. d. was ethical and meets the American Counseling Association standard regarding contagious diseases, which states that practitioners must report when a client is HIV-positive."
B
"7. The counselor who asks the questions ""Am I doing what is best for my client?"" rather than ""Is this situation unethical?"" is functioning from which of the following ethical perspectives? a. Principle ethics b. Virtue ethics c. Value ethics d. Practical ethics"
B
10. Graduate programs provide insufficient training in: a. transference. b. self-care. c. termination. d. countertransference.
B
10. Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and "just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up." In this case, the counselor needs to: a. immediately commit Jolene to a psychiatric facility. b. assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary. c. recognize that her statement is only a "cry for help" and should not be taken seriously. d. see if there is any chance for reconciliation.
B
11. The intent of a(n) ___________ is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client. a. supervision contract b. informed consent document c. HIPAA document d. release of information form
B
12. Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit? a. Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice b. Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use c. Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably d. Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process
B
13. Schools that receive federal funding are generally bound by the provisions of the: a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). b. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA). c. H1N1 Prevention Act. d. Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act.
B
13. Which of the following is NOT a sign of therapist decay? a. An absence of boundaries with clients b. Accepting clients within one's scope of competence c. Living in isolated ways d. Being unwilling to seek professional help when experiencing personal distress
B
14. It is important for the counselor to refrain from self-disclosing: a. never. b. when the self-disclosure will make it more difficult to establish a trusting relationship. c. when the self-disclosure may help the client therapeutically. d. always.
B
14. Most counseling centers and community mental health agencies now have guidelines regarding the duty to warn and protect when the welfare of others is at stake. These guidelines generally specify how to deal with: a. emotionally healthy individuals with non-violent behavior. b. emotionally disturbed individuals, violent behavior, threats, suicidal possibilities, and other circumstances in which counselors may be legally and ethically required to breach confidentiality. c. documentation and assessment of school children. d. non-suicidal individuals seeking assistance with living arrangements.
B
15. In Jennifer Keeton vs. Augusta State University, the federal appeals court: a. upheld the decision that the university was justified in dismissing Ward for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. upheld the right of the university to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds. c. upheld the decision that the university was not justified in dismissing Ward for violating provisions of the code of ethics. d. decided the university did not have the right to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.
B
15. Joyce was hospitalized as a result of an attempted suicide. She tried to call her therapist before taking an overdose of pills, but he could not be reached because he was on vacation and did not make provisions for a replacement therapist while he was gone. This action constitutes the following type of professional negligence: a. misdiagnosis. b. client abandonment. c. vicarious liability. d. practicing beyond the scope of competency.
B
15. Privileged communication does NOT apply in cases of: a. clients' disclosures of personal and sensitive information. b. child abuse and neglect. c. unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple's therapy. d. legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client's records in court.
B
15. Self-care involves: a. compassion for and dedication to serving others. b. searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness. c. good public relations skills and an outgoing personality. d. high verbal reasoning abilities and a high I.Q.
B
15. ___________ includes factors such as culture, religion, race, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and socioeconomic level. a. Cultural empathy b. Diversity c. Stereotypes d. Racism
B
19. Tanya seems to meet some of her personal needs through counseling her clients. This is a. a win/win situation for Tanya and her clients since it is always a sign of being highly invested in the process when counselors meet their own personal needs through their work. b. acceptable as long as these needs do not assume priority or get in the way of her clients' growth. c. never acceptable under any circumstances. d. illegal in 42 states.
B
19. The intended victim's knowledge of a threat does NOT relieve therapists of the duty to protect, as can be seen by the decision in: a. Bradley Center v. Wessner. b. Jablonski v. United States. c. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents. d. Hedlund v. Superior Court.
B
2. James is in court facing drug-related charges and his therapist was subpoenaed to testify in court regarding any discriminating evidence concerning the case. His therapist came to court but refused to answer questions regarding the case or produce James's records. The therapist used the following legal concept to protect himself from forced disclosure: a. confidentiality. b. privileged communication. c. client privacy. d. taking the 5th amendment.
B
20. In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV-positive client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following condition exists: a. the client is engaging in safe-sex with a committed partner. b. clear and imminent danger must exist. c. all potential victims must be warned, even if there have been multiple sexual partners over the years. d. all persons who have exchanged needles with the client must be found and warned of possible danger.
B
20. ____________ can best be viewed as an ongoing process aimed at increasing the range of choices and the responsibility of the client as an active therapeutic partner. a. Diagnosis b. Informed consent c. Documentation d. Case consultations
B
24. Elena, your client of two years, has just received the news that she is losing her insurance coverage; however, she recently had a breakthrough in therapy and needs to continue working on her issues. As an ethical therapist, you should: a. refer her to a community mental health center where she can get services at a low cost. b. determine new payment terms so Elena can continue working with you. c. terminate therapy and give Elena some good book references so she can work through her issues on her own. d. terminate therapy and encourage Elena to look in the Yellow Pages for a new therapist who will accept a sliding scale arrangement.
B
24. Informing students prior to entering a training program that self-exploration will be part of their training: a. more than satisfies the requirement for informed consent. b. only minimally satisfies the requirement for informed consent. c. has little to do with informed consent. d. is a scare tactic that many programs use to screen out prospective students who are not serious candidates
B
24. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. It is important to understand that homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness. b. To date, the APA has not developed a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. c. The ethics codes of the ACA, the APA, and the NASW clearly state that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is unethical and unacceptable. d. Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their personal prejudices, myths, fears, and stereotypes regarding sexual orientation.
B
25. Ongoing self-care is an essential part of a therapist's professional competence and: a. legal requirements. b. personal wellness program. c. social justice. d. client autonomy.
B
26. If a therapist is secure in his or her own values: a. he or she should use them to steer the client toward any direction he or she wants to in therapy. b. he or she will not be threatened by really listening to, and deeply understanding, people who think differently or do not share the same world view. c. a referral to another therapist may be necessary. d. he or she will focus on his or her problem rather than the client's.
B
26. Some sources of counselor stress include all of the following EXCEPT: a. a stressful work environment. b. practicing mindfulness. c. the stress that clients experience and talk about in therapy. d. working in managed care and educational systems.
B
27. In regards to record keeping, the _________________ states: "Mental health counselors create, maintain, store, transfer, and dispose of client records in ways that protect confidentiality and are in accordance with applicable regulations or laws." a. National Association of Social Workers b. American Mental Health Counselors Association c. American Psychological Association d. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
B
27. The basic standard of care for school counselors is clear; courts have uniformly held that: a. school personnel should not breach confidentiality at any time. b. school personnel have a duty to protect students from foreseeable harm. c. school personnel have a duty to protect students if confidentiality is not at risk. d. school personnel must release any and all information regarding students to faculty and parents.
B
28. People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent: a. the second largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. b. the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. c. the smallest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. d. a diminishing minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.
B
3. A client-defined sense of spirituality: a. is not very important in therapy. b. can be a significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process. c. can create difficulty in the client's therapeutic process. d. is more important if the therapist shares a similar definition
B
3. Written consent forms should NOT include: a. a discussion of how a managed care system will affect the treatment, if applicable. b. a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues. c. a statement describing the counselor's theoretical orientation and how this will affect treatment. d. clarification pertaining to fees and charges and procedures for filing for insurance reimbursement.
B
30. The HIPAA Privacy Rule was designed to provide a uniform level of privacy and security on the federal level. This Privacy Rule, which applies to both paper and electronic transmissions of protected health information by covered entities, developed out of the concern that transmission of health care information through electronic means could lead to widespread gaps in the protection of client confidentiality. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of The Privacy Rule? a. It requires health plans and other covered entities to establish policies and procedures to protect the confidentiality of health information about their patients. b. It provides detailed patient information to individuals outside of the health care agency. c. It requires technical, administrative, and physical safeguards to protect security of protected health information in electronic form. d. It provides patients with rights concerning how their health information is used and disclosed by health care providers who fall within the domain of HIPAA.
B
31. Which of the following is NOT a professional association's ethical codes or guidelines in regards to technology and online counseling? a. Psychologists who offer online services inform clients of the risks to privacy and the limits of confidentiality. b. Competence to provide online counseling is the most important aspect of ethical codes or guidelines. c. Counselors are expected to inform clients of the benefits and limitations of using technology in the counseling process. d. Therapists must: (a) determine that electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients' intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated with electronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology.
B
32. Children with childhood disabilities such as autism and ADHD; children with the cumulative lifestyle factors that lead to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancers; and people with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities are part of the: a. mental health workers community. b. disability community. c. gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community. d. social justice community.
B
34. The experts who testified at this trial believed the school board failed to provide adequate training for school personnel. Without training, school personnel will most likely underestimate the lethality of suicidal thoughts, statements, and attempts. The conclusion of this expert testimony was that the student would not have committed suicide if the employees had been adequately trained. Persuaded by this input, the court held that the school could be found negligent for failing to notify the decedent's mother. This explains the court decision in which court case? a. Eisel v. Board of Education b. Wyke v. Polk County School Board c. Hedlund v. Superior Court d. Ewing v. Goldstein
B
34. ____________ can result from unjustified departure from usual practice or from failing to exercise proper care in fulfilling one's responsibilities. a. Malpractice b. Professional negligence c. Standard of care d. Termination
B
6. ___________ should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken. a. Assessments b. Progress notes c. Intakes d. Screenings
B
7. Concerning counseling via the Internet, which statement is most accurate? a. The codes of the major professional organizations offer detailed guidance regarding ethical practices in the use of technology. b. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services. c. Most experts agree that what is being currently offered via Internet counseling is a form of traditional psychotherapy. d. This form of counseling is not suited to a problem-solving approach
B
8. When counselors become overly concerned with meeting their own needs or pushing their own personal agendas, their behavior becomes: a. annoying to the client. b. unethical. c. illegal. d. helpful to the client.
B
"1. _________ is concerned with perspectives of right and proper conduct and involves an evaluation of actions on the basis of some broader cultural context or religious standard. a. Ethical conduct b. Community standards c. Morality d. Professionalism"
C
"16. The highest standards of thinking and a professional's willingness to reflect on the effects their interventions may have on the welfare of their clients describes what kind of ethics? a. Mandatory ethics b. Principle ethics c. Aspirational ethics d. Positive ethics"
C
"21. When practitioners weigh multiple and often competing demands and goals, they must use: a. their attorneys to help them work through ethical issues. b. their former advisors as sounding boards. c. their professional judgment. d. common sense."
C
"22. The major duties of regulating boards include which of the following? a. Completing investigations into the ethical practice of new members for a short period to determine the possibility of unethical practice in the future b. Screening applications to determine appropriate candidates for the professional organization who will practice ethically and increase the positive image of the professional organization c. Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good d. Conducting evaluations of members' financial stability"
C
"24. When practitioners devote a portion of their professional time and skills to services for which there is no expectation of significant financial return, they are: a. using a sliding scale. b. being financially irresponsible. c. providing pro bono services. d. suffering from a martyr complex."
C
"30. Obtaining consultation is important because: a. it creates a safety net when our actions are unethical. b. it is better to have someone else know who your client is in case something happens. c. our prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment creates an inability to view a situation objectively. d. the ethical codes state it is important."
C
"4. Elizabeth, a beginning practitioner, counsels in a manner in which she merely acts in compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level of ethical functioning, which is: a. personal ethics. b. aspiration ethics. c. mandatory ethics. d. basic ethics."
C
"8. Virtuous professionals: a. are motivated to do what is right, but tend to ignore it. b. function within their professional code of ethics because they fear the consequences if they do not. c. possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions. d. typically focus on moral issues with the goals of solving a particular dilemma."
C
1. Rhonda is a counselor at a drug and alcohol treatment center. She grew up in an alcoholic home and is not fully aware of the "unfinished business" she has with her parents. She is still angry and resents her parents for having to grow up in an alcoholic family system. It is most likely that Rhonda will: a. be able to understand her addicted clients through her own childhood experiences. b. examine her unresolved conflicts as she continues to work in the treatment center. c. obstruct the progress of her clients as they attempt to move towards recovery. d. feel comfortable with her clients because she is familiar with their behavior.
C
10. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Spirituality and religion tend to fluctuate in importance to Americans. b. Freud believed that religious faith was important in the lives of his patients, which stemmed from his own strong religious beliefs. c. Counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs (or lack thereof) if they hope to gain an indepth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients. d. When clients are searching for meaning in life, it is appropriate for therapists to strongly suggest they seek religion as an answer.
C
11. Which of the following would be an ineffective way of managing a client's suicidal ideation? a. Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit suicide. b. Immediately hospitalize the client. c. Be willing to communicate your caring without setting limits. d. Recognize the limits of your competence and know when and how to refer.
C
13. Which of the following court cases involved an employee assistance program provider who refused to counsel homosexual clients on the basis of religious beliefs and was eventually terminated by her employer? a. Jablonski vs. United States b. Jaffee vs. Redmond c. Bruff vs. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc. d. Tarasoff vs. Board of Regents of the University of California
C
13. Which of the following is NOT true about referrals? a. Referrals have become common practice among mental health service providers at the expense of exploring other possibilities. b. The overuse of client referral among mental health providers often involves discriminatory practices that are rationalized as ways to avoid harming the client and practicing beyond one's level of competence. c. Referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals. d. The psychological community needs to critically examine why mental health practitioners may refer clients over value conflicts and why these practitioners assume that such practices are appropriate, reasonable, and acceptable.
C
14. Counselors practice unintentional racism when they: a. show sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals. b. challenge stereotypes associated with culturally diverse clients. c. claim to be free of any traces of racism. d. accept unreasoned assumptions about other cultures without proof and without regard to rationality.
C
16. An African-American woman was interacting with her child in a domestic abuse shelter when she is over-heard saying to her child, "Keep touching that and I'm going to whoop you." The social worker that heard this statement should: a. immediately report the mother to Child Protective Services. b. tell the mother that she will be evicted from the shelter if she continues to talk to her child that way. c. recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and is not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger. d. remove the child from the mother's care until the mother can learn how to talk to her child with respect
C
16. Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor's personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of: a. inappropriate crisis intervention. b. established therapeutic practices. c. unhealthy transference relationships. d. seeking balance in the counseling relationship.
C
16. People who say they are ___________ usually are trying to communicate that they do not discriminate and that they treat others equally; however, in doing so, they are ignoring a vital part of that person's identity. a. racist b. microaggressive c. color blind d. culturally aware
C
16. The value system of the counselor: a. may be better than the client's. b. is important to follow in therapy. c. can determine the direction of counseling if it is not monitored. d. never creates stress or unethical situations in the therapeutic relationship.
C
17. The Georgia Supreme Court ruled that a physician has a duty to take reasonable care to prevent a potentially dangerous patient from inflicting harm in: a. Hedlund v. Superior Court. b. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents. c. Bradley Center v. Wessner. d. Jablonski v. United States.
C
19. The authors of this text view referrals: a. as the best option when they face a clash of values with their clients. b. as a moral imperative. c. as the last resort. d. as a need for the therapeutic relationship.
C
2. Because providing counseling services over the Internet (also known as remote services or distance counseling) is relatively new and controversial, a host of legal questions will NOT be addressed until: a. the APA meets again to update the DSM. b. the next ACA annual conference. c. lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use, or misuse, in counseling practice. d. clients are interviewed about the effectiveness of online counseling.
C
2. Mary is seeking abortion counseling from a practitioner who has been actively involved in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary's values and doesn't think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he: a. doesn't share his values with Mary and work within the value system of his client. b. help Mary understand his values so she can make a different decision concerning her pregnancy. c. not refer Mary, but work within the client's values rather than his own. If he cannot obtain objectivity, he will need supervision to work through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment. d. set firm boundaries with Mary on what she can discuss in regards to her pregnancy.
C
2. ___________ counseling can be operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics of the cultures of both of these individuals. a. Culturally encapsulated b. Diversity-sensitive c. Multicultural d. Transcultural
C
20. In multicultural counseling, one must balance the importance of ________________ in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. a. liberal and conservative views b. western approaches and southern approaches c. individualism versus collectivism d. cultural encapsulation and assimilation
C
20. It is believed that countertransference involves: a. ongoing personal therapy. b. the client's projection of their feelings or attitudes onto the therapist. c. the therapist's total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images. d. a healthy relationship between client and therapist.
C
22. Therapists who work with violent and suicidal clients: a. are less likely to experience burnout or impairments. b. will not feel the effects of stress if they do not experience countertransference. c. are particularly vulnerable to stress. d. are more likely to see a positive outcome in therapy.
C
22. Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as a guideline for counselors using the telephone? a. Exercise caution in discussing confidential or privileged information with anyone over the telephone and especially when employing digital and mobile technologies. b. Set firm boundaries with clients from the beginning and address matters such as avoiding interruptions and privacy. c. After addressing the ethical guidelines and ensuring absolute privacy, counselors may speak to their clients as freely as they desire without fear that their conversations will be used in legal proceedings. d. Disclose the limits of confidentiality with clients if wireless telephones are used.
C
22. ______________ refers to a practitioner's level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds. a. Cultural encapsulation b. Multicultural skill-level c. Cultural diversity competence d. Interpersonal cognizance
C
25. In _____________, the court expanded the practitioner's duty to warn those in danger to include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to a mental health practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to another person. a. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California b. Jaffee v. Redmond c. Ewing v. Goldstein d. Petersen v. McDonald
C
25. Samuel has been planning a two week vacation to Europe for months. He is a private practitioner and has a caseload of clients who have dependency issues. As an ethical practitioner, Samuel should: a. not inform his clients until a few days before he leaves. b. not go on vacation so as to not increase his clients' anxiety levels. c. provide his clients with another therapist in case of need. d. bring back a souvenir for each client to show them how important they are to him.
C
27. The _____________'s ethics code indicates that part of competence implies understanding diversity. a. NASW b. Canadian Counseling Association c. APA d. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
C
27. The presence of chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards is called: a. empathy fatigue. b. burnout. c. impairment. d. client dependence.
C
27. The reason why many counselor education programs encourage or require personal therapy for counselors in training is to engage in: a. value imposition. b. personal values. c. value exploration. d. value conflicts.
C
28. _____________ is the failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skill that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation. a. Risk management b. Standard of care c. Malpractice d. Informed consent
C
29. Ignoring evidence of peer misconduct is: a. self-preserving. b. ethical. c. an ethical violation. d. illegal, but not unethical.
C
29. Therapists have the responsibility to prevent suicide if they can reasonably anticipate it. Once it is determined that a client is at risk for serious harm to self, the professional is: a. released of all legal and ethical requirements to protect the client. b. legally, but not ethically, required to take appropriate action. c. legally and ethically required to take appropriate action aimed at protecting the person. d. ethically, but not legally, required to take appropriate action.
C
3. As a matter of law, __________ refers to the constitutional right of an individual to be left alone and to control their personal information. a. self-disclosure b. privileged communication c. privacy d. confidentiality
C
30. Self-compassion involves: a. searching for positive life experiences. b. a basic component of many counseling programs, providing students with the opportunity to share their values. c. developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgmental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves. d. rejecting clients.
C
31. The standards established by the _______________ require that programs provide curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally. a. American Psychological Association b. National Association for Social Workers c. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) d. Canadian Counseling Association
C
32. California enacted a law in 2011 allowing mental health practitioners to treat minors (12 years or older) if: a. a minor would like to enter into a counseling relationship; it is necessary to have informed parental or guardian consent or for counseling to be court ordered. b. the practitioner is informed by the minor he or she would like to enter into a counseling relationship for minor educational purposes. c. the practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the statute does require parental (or guardian) involvement in the treatment unless the therapist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be inappropriate under the circumstances. d. there is no reason for a minor to be treated without parent consent.
C
33. In this court case, the court found that school counselors have a duty to use reasonable means to attempt to prevent a suicide when they know about a student's suicidal intentions. The reasoning of the court was that an adolescent is more likely to share thoughts of suicide with friends than with a school counselor, teacher, or parent. The court found that reasonable care would have included notifying the student's parents that their daughter was at risk for suicide. a. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents b. Ewing v. Goldstein c. Eisel v. Board of Education d. Jaffee v. Redmond
C
35. A set of knowledge and skills that are essential to the culturally skilled practitioner are called: a. coursework. b. culturally appropriate strategies. c. multicultural competencies. d. multicultural relationship.
C
4. A cross-cultural counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of his or her own life experiences is said to be culturally: a. immersed. b. ignorant. c. encapsulated. d. biased.
C
4. The definition of a minor varies from state to state; however: a. all states agree a minor is under 18. b. all states agree on the age a minor can consent to their own health care in all circumstances. c. all states agree minors are incapable of consenting to any and all health care due to lack of maturity. d. the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16-year-olds to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.
C
5. Ruth is counseling a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her client's viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is: a. teaching her client to look at the negative consequences of her decision. b. exploring the client's spiritual reasons for staying in the marriage. c. imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client's reasons for staying in the marriage. d. helping her client to explore healthy options.
C
5. Termination of the therapy process: a. can be mandated by ethics codes alone. b. is regulated by state law. c. is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist. d. must always be decided solely by the therapist.
C
6. Frank is a Native American college student who is seeking information about his career choice from a male counselor. The counselor notices that he uses very little eye contact and needs to recognize that Frank: a. lacks trust about the information he is receiving. b. is unlikely to follow through with his suggestions. c. is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect. d. would be more likely to have direct eye contact if the counselor were a female.
C
7. Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client's problems, which are similar to the issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her client won't follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client, which involve her own projections, is based on: a. transference. b. nurturance. c. countertransference. d. caretaking.
C
7. Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by: a. automatically attributing her client's problems to her sexual orientation. b. attempting to change the sexual orientation of her client. c. supporting her client's attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship. d. encouraging her client to realize how difficult it is to live in a lesbian relationship.
C
7. Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called: a. an appropriate referral. b. a value imposition. c. a discriminatory referral. d. a value conflict.
C
7. The California court's ruling that requires therapists to breach confidentiality in cases where the general welfare and safety of others is involved is a result of the: a. Bradley Center v. Wessner decision. b. Jablonski v. United States decision. c. Tarasoff decision. d. Hedlund v. Superior Court decision.
C
8. It is the authors' position that counselors would NOT work well with diverse populations if they: a. are open to being challenged and tested. b. are flexible in applying theories to specific situations. c. believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings. d. are comfortable with differences that exist between themselves and their clients.
C
8. The Death with Dignity Act is a law in which state? a. New York b. Texas c. Oregon d. California
C
9. In ___________, a Supreme Court decision ruled that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their clients are privileged and therefore protected from forced disclosure in cases arising under federal law. a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United States c. Jaffee v. Redmond d. Hedlund v. Superior Court
C
"11. Expulsion or suspension of members from professional associations: a. has no effect on the member. b. cannot be appealed. c. is never reported in the journals of the professional associations. d. is a major sanction."
D
"17. Which of the following focuses NOT ONLY on how professionals can harm clients, but also on how therapists can do better at helping clients? a. Mandatory ethics b. Principle ethics c. Aspirational ethics d. Positive ethics"
D
"19. Rather than focusing on best practices, many ethics courses focus on: a. creating the safest environment for professionals to work. b. the unethical practices of university professors. c. record keeping guidelines. d. laws, disciplinary codes, and risk management strategy."
D
"2. Robert runs into the office, unprepared and frustrated because he is late for his weekly appointment with his first client of the day. He is consistently late for his appointments. His behavior is: a. immoral. b. illegal. c. unethical. d. unprofessional."
D
"6. A formal complaint was filed against Harry for sexually harassing a female client. A repeat offender, he was previously warned that a major sanction would be imposed if he continued his unethical actions. The ethics committee of the professional association to which he belongs most likely recommended that Harry: a. be suspended with pay for one week. b. resign from his job. c. work without supervision on his word that he will not harass any client again. d. be expelled from the organization."
D
1. Informed consent generally implies that the person: a. does not have the capacity to consent. b. has verbally given consent. c. has been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form. d. has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.
D
1. ____________ influences every facet of our existence, so it is essential that culturally responsive practice be central in all that we do. a. Oppression b. Stereotypes c. Racism d. Culture
D
10. In regards to unethical behavior of colleagues, the National Association of Social Workers states: a. "When rehabilitation counselors have reason to believe that another rehabilitation counselor is violating or has violated an ethical standard, they attempt first to resolve the issue informally with the other rehabilitation counselor if feasible, provided such action does not violate confidentiality rights that may be involved." b. "Human service professionals respond appropriately to unethical behavior of colleagues. Usually this means initially talking directly with the colleague and, if no resolution is forthcoming, reporting the colleague's behavior to supervisory or administrative staff and/or to the professional organization(s) to which the colleague belongs." c. "Informal peer monitoring is one way to assume responsibility for watching out for each other." d. "Social workers should take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues."
D
11. According to researchers, counselor's personal religious values: a. do not affect the therapeutic relationship. b. only affect the therapeutic relationship when discussing spiritual issues. c. should be ignored at all times. d. may affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues
D
12. Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who: a. practice self-care techniques. b. work in administrative positions and do not treat individuals. c. treat clients without empathy and rarely care about client outcomes. d. treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat people with mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders; and work in vocational settings with people with mental and physical disabilities.
D
12. Which one of the following reasons for the underutilization of mental health services by minority groups is NOT true? a. Biased nature of the services b. Child care issues c. Transportation challenges d. The medical model of clinical counseling is a good fit for this population and is not utilized enough.
D
16. An ethical issue arises when: a. a new client temporarily experiences a period of dependence on the counselor. b. counselors encourage clients to come up with solutions to problems with minimal help from the counselor. c. a client develops an unhealthy dependence on their counselor and the counselor deals with it therapeutically, without blaming the client. d. counselors encourage and promote dependence on the part of their clients.
D
17. Which of the following is NOT a way you can involve yourself in therapeutic experiences that can increase your availability to clients? a. Individual and/or group counseling b. Continuing education c. Keeping a personal journal and reading d. Limiting travel and new experiences
D
17. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lead to a malpractice suit? a. Failure to obtain or document informed consent b. Practicing beyond the scope of competency c. Unhealthy transference relationships d. Engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client
D
18. A counselor working in an AIDS-related case: a. has a legal duty to warn according to the Tarasoff decision. b. is obliged to protect all third parties of the threat of HIV transmission according to ethical codes. c. must report the case to the Department of Public Health. d. has few legal guidelines to help determine when or how to inform a potential victim of the threat of HIV transmission.
D
18. It is NOT ethical to refer clients: a. when the client's issue is out of the counselor's scope of work. b. when the client requests a referral. c. when the client no longer advances in treatment over a long period of time. d. based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client.
D
18. The word ________, interpreted broadly, is associated with a racial or ethnic group as well as with gender, religion, economic status, nationality, physical capacity or disability, and affectional or sexual orientation. a. ethnicity b. diversity c. stereotype d. culture
D
18. Which of the following situations do NOT justify the use of remote services consistent with ethical practice and in keeping with regulatory standards? a. When service is provided in the context of an existing therapy relationship b. When inperson treatment is either difficult or impossible to access due to client's remote location c. When remote services offer practical advantages over in-person treatment (i.e., a client's busy schedule makes remote sessions more efficient) d. When the client desires remote sessions and the therapist has insufficient information about the client
D
19. In the event that a practitioner is sued, he or she should: a. try to resolve the matter directly with the client. b. destroy or alter files or reports that may be incriminating. c. enter into personal therapy. d. promptly retain an attorney.
D
21. The ability for counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process is referred to as: a. value conflicts. b. value exploration. c. discrimination. d. bracketing.
D
21. _______________ extends the duty to warn in California to a foreseeable, identifiable person who might be near the intended victim when the threat is carried out and thus might also be in danger. a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United States c. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents d. Hedlund v. Superior Court
D
22. Which of the following would NOT be found in managed care contracts? a. "Gag clauses" that prohibit practitioners from sharing any negative information about managed care policies b. Informing the client the managed care company may request a client's diagnosis, results on any tests given, a wide range of clinical information, treatment plans, and perhaps even the entire clinical record of a client c. Information regarding limits of confidentiality and the potential repercussions of disclosing personal information to insurance providers d. Information regarding benefits, risks, and costs of various interventions
D
23. Fran has decided to start an online counseling practice. Which of the following have the potential to result in unethical behavior? a. Refusing to accept psychotic and/or seriously disturbed individuals as clients b. Charging fees that are covered by insurance companies c. Limiting and/or providing general diagnoses due to lack of behavioral clues d. Promising confidentiality and privacy
D
23. In Chapter 6, a six-step ethical practice model for protecting confidentiality rights that places legal mandates in an ethical context is presented. The six steps include all of the following EXCEPT: a. preparation. b. tell clients the truth "up front." c. obtain truly informed consent before making a disclosure. d. have your attorney respond to legal requests for disclosure.
D
23. _______________ is a perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences. a. Cultural awareness b. Ethnicity c. Microaggressions d. Cultural tunnel vision
D
24. The following are all major types of elder abuse EXCEPT: a. financial or material exploitation. b. neglect and abandonment. c. sexual, physical, and psychological abuse. d. protection and positive treatment.
D
25. In the __________'s code of ethics, cultural competence and recognition of social diversity are clearly linked to ethical practice. a. APA b. Canadian Counseling Association c. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors d. NASW
D
28. Ongoing problems associated with the work of helping professionals include all of the following EXCEPT: a. stress. b. burnout. c. vicarious traumatization. d. self-care.
D
29. The "freedom of conscience" clause states: a. the client has the freedom to decide where to go in therapy. b. the therapist has the right to refer clients because of spiritual beliefs. c. the client has the right to know what the therapist is thinking. d. mental health professionals will not put their licensure status in jeopardy by denying services to clients on the basis of sincerely held religious beliefs.
D
3. The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by: a. defining reality according to the client's reality. b. showing sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals. c. evaluating other viewpoints and making attempts to accommodate the behavior of others. d. define reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and fail to evaluate other viewpoints, making little attempt to understand and accept the behavior of others.3. The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by: a. defining reality according to the client's reality. b. showing sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals. c. evaluating other viewpoints and making attempts to accommodate the behavior of others. d. define reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and fail to evaluate other viewpoints, making little attempt to understand and accept the behavior of others.
D
30. The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve: a. training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapist and client. b. exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences. c. flexibility and understanding on the therapist's part. d. demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.
D
31. _______________ is at the core of effective therapy; it is the counselor's ethical duty to protect private client communication. a. Privileged communication b. Privacy c. Ethics d. Confidentiality
D
33. Cultural differences are: a. objective, simple, and apathetic. b. objective, complex, and dynamic. c. subjective, simple, and apathetic. d. subjective, complex, and dynamic.
D
33. Generally, the best way to proceed when you have concerns about the behavior of a colleague is to: a. not address the problem until a client has been injured emotionally or physically. b. speak with other colleagues to determine if they have the same concerns. c. speak directly with the client about your colleague's behavior. d. deal directly with the colleague, unless doing so would compromise a client's confidentiality.
D
35. _________________ is designed to encourage reporting of any suspected cases of child, elder, or dependent adult abuse; thus, therapists are advised to err on the side of reporting in uncertain circumstances. a. Reportable abuse b. Dependent abuse c. Elder abuse d. Mandatory reporting
D
4. It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when: a. the client consents to disclosure. b. there is a duty to warn or to protect third parties. c. an emergency exists. d. an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent
D
4. The definition of a minor varies from state to state; however: a. all states agree a minor is under 18. b. all states agree on the age a minor can consent to their own health care in all circumstances. c. all states agree minors are incapable of consenting to any and all health care due to lack of maturity. d. the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16-year-olds to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.
D
5. Ethical guidelines regarding confidentiality require that counselors do NOT: a. allow clerical assistants to handle confidential information. b. use client records to consult with experts or peers. c. use client case studies to teach or write books, even when their clients' identities are disguised. d. disclose client information unless there is clear and imminent danger to the client or others or when legal requirements demand that confidential information be revealed.
D
6. Which of the following therapist behaviors might be indicative of a countertransference reaction? a. Refraining from giving advice b. Allowing the client the space to experience and release anger c. Empowering a client to make decisions d. Overprotecting or rejecting a client
D
8. Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for: a. difficulties in school or at home. b. a safe place to discuss normal changes adolescents experience throughout their developmental process. c. assistance with planning their educational future. d. dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.
D
9. Denise is a Euro-American social worker who is a former welfare client. A divorcee and mother of four, she succeeded in completing her degree and getting off the system in four years. She is now working in a welfare-towork program and sets similar goals for her multicultural clients. Denise's attitude and actions indicate that she: a. believes in her client's ability to achieve and live up to her expectations. b. is well intentioned and willing to challenge her clients. c. can serve as a model of what her clients can accomplish with their lives--if she could do it, so can her clients. d. is operating out of the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.
D
9. Sexual or romantic feelings toward a client: a. are the result of seductive behavior on the part of the client and need to be ignored. b. are an indicator that the client needs to be referred to another counselor. c. are unethical, counter-therapeutic, and also illegal in many states. d. do not necessarily mean that the counselor cannot effectively work with the client.
D
"23. When a complaint is lodged against a member of a professional organization, the ethics committee: a. launches an investigation and deliberates on the case, eventually reaching a disposition. b. always dismisses specific charges within the complaint. c. imposes sanctions nine times out of ten. d. transfers the case to law enforcement."
a
22. From a legal perspective, mental health professionals are expected to exercise "reasonable care" in working with clients who are considering abortion. If they fail to do so, clients can take legal action against them for: a. negligence. b. breach of confidentiality. c. being unreasonable. d. insufficient knowledge.
a
23. Disagreeing with a client or not liking what a client is proposing can create a: a. value imposition. b. value exploration. c. value conflict. d. personal value
c
24. Which of the following is ethical when referring a client? a. When a client discloses he or she consents in recreational sex b. When the client's values regarding same-gender sex differs from your own c. When a client discloses he or she is engaging in Internet infidelity d. When the therapist engages in supervision to diminish the effects of the value conflict, attempting to help the client in every way, but the client requests a referral because of his or her value differences
d