Corporate Finance Chapter 7.
Which of the following correctly describe U.S. Treasury bonds? I. have a "tick" size of 1/32 II. highly liquid III. quoted in dollars and cents IV. quoted at the dirty price A. I and II only B. I and IV only C. II and III only D. II and IV only E. I, II, and III only
A
Which one of the following risk premiums compensates for the possibility of nonpayment by the bond issuer? A. default risk B. taxability C. liquidity D. inflation E. interest rate risk
A
A deferred call provision is which one of the following? A. requirement that a bond issuer pay the current market price, plus accrued interest, should the firm decide to call a bond B. ability of a bond issuer to delay repaying a bond until after the maturity date should the issuer so opt C. prohibition placed on an issuer which prevents that issuer from ever redeeming bonds prior to maturity D. prohibition which prevents bond issuers from redeeming callable bonds prior to a specified date E. requirement that a bond issuer pay a call premium which is equal to or greater than one year's coupon should that issuer decide to call a bond
D
A newly issued bond has a 7 percent coupon with semiannual interest payments. The bonds are currently priced at par value. The effective annual rate provided by these bonds must be: A. 3.5 percent. B. greater than 3.5 percent but less than 7 percent. C. 7 percent. D. greater than 7 percent. E. Answer cannot be determined from the information provided.
D
A zero coupon bond: A. is sold at a large premium. B. pays interest that is tax deductible to the issuer when paid. C. can only be issued by the U.S. Treasury. D. has more interest rate risk than a comparable coupon bond. E. provides no taxable income to the bondholder until the bond matures.
D
Currently, the bond market requires a return of 11.6 percent on the 10-year bonds issued by Winston Industries. The 11.6 percent is referred to as which one of the following? A. coupon rate B. face rate C. call rate D. yield to maturity E. interest rate
D
Mary just purchased a bond which pays $60 a year in interest. What is this $60 called? A. coupon B. face value C. discount D. call premium E. yield
A
Real rates are defined as nominal rates that have been adjusted for which of the following? A. inflation B. default risk C. accrued interest D. interest rate risk E. both inflation and interest rate risk
A
The break-even tax rate between a taxable corporate bond yielding 7 percent and a comparable nontaxable municipal bond yielding 5 percent can be expressed as: A. 0.05/(1 - t*) = 0.07. B. 0.05 - (1 - t*) = 0.07. C. 0.07 + (1 - t*) = 0.05. D. 0.05 × (1 - t*) = 0.07. E. 0.05 × (1 + t*) = 0.07.
A
A bond that can be paid off early at the issuer's discretion is referred to as being which one of the following? A. zero coupon B. callable C. senior D. collateralized E. unsecured
B
A sinking fund is managed by a trustee for which one of the following purposes? A. paying interest payments B. early bond redemption C. converting bonds into equity securities D. paying preferred dividends E. reducing coupon rates
B
Al is retired and enjoys his daily life. His one concern is that his bonds provide a steady stream of income that will continue to allow him to have the money he desires to continue his active lifestyle without lowering his present standard of living. Although he has sufficient principal to live on, he only wants to spend the interest income provided by his holdings and thus is concerned about the purchasing power of that income. Which one of the following bonds should best ease Al's concerns? A. 6-year, putable, high coupon bond B. 5-year TIPS C. 10-year AAA coupon bond D. 5-year municipal bond E. 7- year income bond
B
An 8 percent corporate bond that pays interest semi-annually was issued last year. Which two of the following most likely apply to this bond today if the current yield-to-maturity is 7 percent? I. a structure as an interest-only loan II. a current yield that equals the coupon rate III. a yield-to-maturity equal to the coupon rate IV. a market price that differs from the face value A. I and III only B. I and IV only C. II and III only D. II and IV only E. III and IV only
B
As a bond's time to maturity increases, the bond's sensitivity to interest rate risk: A. increases at an increasing rate. B. increases at a decreasing rate. C. increases at a constant rate. D. decreases at an increasing rate. E. decreases at a decreasing rate.
B
Atlas Entertainment has 15-year bonds outstanding. The interest payments on these bonds are sent directly to each of the individual bondholders. These direct payments are a clear indication that the bonds can accurately be defined as being issued: A. at par. B. in registered form. C. in street form. D. as debentures. E. as callable.
B
Bert owns a bond that will pay him $75 each year in interest plus a $1,000 principal payment at maturity. What is the $1,000 called? A. coupon B. face value C. discount D. yield E. dirty price
B
Recently, you discovered a putable income bond that is convertible. If you purchase this bond, you will have the right to do which of the following? I. force the issuer to repurchase the bond prior to maturity II. choose when you wish to receive interest payments III. convert the bond into a TIPS IV. convert the bond into equity shares A. I and III only B. I and IV only C. II and III only D. III and IV only E. I, II, and IV only
B
The interest rate risk premium is the: A. additional compensation paid to investors to offset rising prices. B. compensation investors demand for accepting interest rate risk. C. difference between the yield to maturity and the current yield. D. difference between the market interest rate and the coupon rate. E. difference between the coupon rate and the current yield.
B
The liquidity premium is compensation to investors for: A. purchasing a bond in the secondary market. B. the lack of an active market wherein a bond can be sold for its actual value. C. acquiring a bond with an unfavorable tax status. D. redeeming a bond prior to maturity. E. purchasing a bond that has defaulted on its coupon payments.
B
Today, June 15, you want to buy a bond with a quoted price of 98.64. The bond pays interest on January 1 and July 1. Which one of the following prices represents your total cost of purchasing this bond today? A. clean price B. dirty price C. asked price D. quoted price E. bid price
B
Which of the following are negative covenants that might be found in a bond indenture? I. The company shall maintain a current ratio of 1.10 or better. II. No debt senior to this issue can be issued. III. The company cannot lease any major assets without approval by the lender. IV. The company must maintain the loan collateral in good working order. A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. II, III, and IV only E. I, II, and III only
B
Which of the following statements concerning bonds are correct? I. Bonds provide tax benefits to issuers. II. The risk of a firm financially failing increases when the firm issues bonds. III. Most long-term bond issues are referred to as unfunded debt. IV. All bonds are treated equally in a bankruptcy proceeding. A. II and III only B. I and II only C. III and IV only D. II and IV only E. I, II, and III only
B
Which one of the following bonds is the least sensitive to interest rate risk? A. 3-year; 4 percent coupon B. 3-year; 6 percent coupon C. 5-year; 6 percent coupon D. 7-year; 6 percent coupon E. 7-year; 4 percent coupon
B
Which two of the following factors cause the yields on a corporate bond to differ from those on a comparable Treasury security? I. inflation risk II. interest rate risk III. taxability IV. default risk A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. I, II, and IV only D. II, III, and IV only E. I, II, III, and IV
B
Which one of the following risks would a floating-rate bond tend to have less of as compared to a fixed-rate coupon bond? A. real rate risk B. interest rate risk C. default risk D. liquidity risk E. taxability risk
BD
A $1,000 face value bond can be redeemed early at the issuer's discretion for $1,030, plus any accrued interest. The additional $30 is called which one of the following? A. dirty price B. redemption value C. call premium D. original-issue discount E. redemption discount
C
A 6 percent, annual coupon bond is currently selling at a premium and matures in 7 years. The bond was originally issued 3 years ago at par. Which one of the following statements is accurate in respect to this bond today? A. The face value of the bond today is greater than it was when the bond was issued. B. The bond is worth less today than when it was issued. C. The yield-to-maturity is less than the coupon rate. D. The coupon rate is greater than the current yield. E. The yield-to-maturity equals the current yield.
C
A 6-year, $1,000 face value bond issued by Taylor Tools pays interest semiannually on February 1 and August 1. Assume today is October 1. What will the difference, if any, be between this bond's clean and dirty prices today? A. no difference B. one month's interest C. two month's interest D. four month's interest E. five month's interest
C
A bond is quoted at a price of $989. This price is referred to as which one of the following? A. call price B. face value C. clean price D. dirty price E. wholesale price
C
A bond that is payable to whomever has physical possession of the bond is said to be in: A. new-issue condition. B. registered form. C. bearer form. D. debenture status. E. collateral status.
C
A bond's coupon rate is equal to the annual interest divided by which one of the following? A. call price B. current price C. face value D. clean price E. dirty price
C
All else constant, a bond will sell at _____ when the coupon rate is _____ the yield to maturity. A. a premium; less than B. a premium; equal to C. a discount; less than D. a discount; higher than E. par; less than
C
Bonds issued by the U.S. government: A. are considered to be free of interest rate risk. B. generally have higher coupons than those issued by an individual state. C. are considered to be free of default risk. D. pay interest that is exempt from federal income taxes. E. are called "munis".
C
Last year, Lexington Homes issued $1 million in unsecured, non-callable debt. This debt pays an annual interest payment of $55 and matures 6 years from now. The face value is $1,000 and the market price is $1,020. Which one of these terms correctly describes a feature of this debt? A. semi-annual coupon B. discount bond C. note D. trust deed E. collateralized
C
Last year, you purchased a "TIPS" at par. Since that time, both market interest rates and the inflation rate have increased by 0.25 percent. Your bond has most likely done which one of the following since last year? A. decreased in value due to the change in inflation rates B. experienced an increase in its bond rating C. maintained a fixed real rate of return D. increased in value in response to the change in market rates E. increased in value due to a decrease in time to maturity
C
You expect interest rates to decline in the near future even though the bond market is not indicating any sign of this change. Which one of the following bonds should you purchase now to maximize your gains if the rate decline does occur? A. short-term; low coupon B. short-term; high coupon C. long-term; zero coupon D. long-term; low coupon E. long-term; high coupon
C
Municipal bonds: A. are totally risk-free. B. generally have higher coupon rates than corporate bonds. C. pay interest that is federally tax-free. D. are rarely callable. E. are free of default-risk.
C
Phil has researched TLM Technologies and believes the firm is poised to vastly increase in value. He wants to invest in this company. Phil has decided to purchase TLM Technologies bonds so that he can have a steady stream of interest income. However, he still wishes that he could share in the firm's success along with TLM's shareholders. Which one of the following bond features will help Phil fulfill his wish? A. put provision B. positive covenant C. warrant D. crossover rating E. call provision
C
The current yield is defined as the annual interest on a bond divided by which one of the following? A. coupon B. face value C. market price D. call price E. dirty price
C
The pure time value of money is known as the: A. liquidity effect. B. Fisher effect. C. term structure of interest rates. D. inflation factor. E. interest rate factor.
C
The specified date on which the principal amount of a bond is payable is referred to as which one of the following? A. coupon date B. yield date C. maturity D. dirty date E. clean date
C
Which of the following increase the price sensitivity of a bond to changes in interest rates? I. increase in time to maturity II. decrease in time to maturity III. increase in coupon rate IV. decrease in coupon rate A. II only B. I and III only C. I and IV only D. II and III only E. II and IV only
C
Which of the following relationships apply to a par value bond? I. coupon rate < yield-to-maturity II. current yield = yield-to-maturity III. market price = call price IV. market price = face value A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and IV only D. I, II, and III only E. II, III, and IV only
C
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the term structure of interest rates? I. Expectations of lower inflation rates in the future tend to lower the slope of the term structure of interest rates. II. The term structure of interest rates includes both an inflation premium and an interest rate risk premium. III. The real rate of return has minimal, if any, affect on the slope of the term structure of interest rates. IV. The term structure of interest rates and the time to maturity are always directly related. A. I and II only B. II and IV only C. I, II, and III only D. II, III, and IV only E. I, II, and IV only
C
Which one of the following is the price a dealer will pay to purchase a bond? A. call price B. asked price C. bid price D. bid-ask spread E. par value
C
Which one of the following statements concerning bond ratings is correct? A. Investment grade bonds are rated BB or higher by Standard & Poor's. B. Bond ratings assess both interest rate risk and default risk. C. Split rated bonds are called crossover bonds. D. The highest rating issued by Moody's is AAA. E. A "fallen angel" is a term applied to all "junk" bonds.
C
Pete paid $1,032 as his total cost of purchasing a bond. This price is referred to as the: A. quoted price. B. spread price. C. clean price. D. dirty price. E. call price.
D
Texas Foods has a 6 percent bond issue outstanding that pays $30 in interest every March and September. The bonds are investment grade and sell at par. The bonds are callable at a price equal to the present value of all future interest and principal payments discounted at a rate equal to the comparable Treasury rate plus 0.50 percent. Which of the following correctly describe the features of this bond? I. bond rating of B II. "make whole" call price III. $1,000 face value IV. offer price of $1,000 A. I and III only B. III and IV only C. I, III, and IV only D. II, III, and IV only E. I, II, III, and IV
D
The Fisher Effect primarily emphasizes the effects of _____ on an investor's rate of return. A. default B. market C. interest rate D. inflation E. maturity
D
The Fisher effect is defined as the relationship between which of the following variables? A. default risk premium, inflation risk premium, and real rates B. nominal rates, real rates, and interest rate risk premium C. interest rate risk premium, real rates, and default risk premium D. real rates, inflation rates, and nominal rates E. real rates, interest rate risk premium, and nominal rates
D
The Walthers Company has a semi-annual coupon bond outstanding. An increase in the market rate of interest will have which one of the following effects on this bond? A. increase the coupon rate B. decrease the coupon rate C. increase the market price D. decrease the market price E. increase the time period
D
The collar of a floating-rate bond refers to the minimum and maximum: A. call periods. B. maturity dates. C. market prices. D. coupon rates. E. yields to maturity.
D
The taxability risk premium compensates bond holders for which one of the following? A. yield decreases in response to market changes B. lack of coupon payments C. possibility of default D. a bond's unfavorable tax status E. decrease in a municipality's credit rating
D
Treasury bonds are: A. issued by any governmental agency in the U.S. B. issued only on the first day of each fiscal year by the U.S. Department of Treasury. C. bonds that offer the best tax benefits of any bonds currently available. D. generally issued as semi-annual coupon bonds. E. totally risk-free.
D
Which of the following defines a note? I. secured II. unsecured III. maturity less than 10 years IV. maturity in excess of 10 years A. III only B. I and III only C. I and IV only D. II and III only E. II and IV only
D
Which one of the following premiums is compensation for expected future inflation? A. default risk B. taxability C. liquidity D. inflation E. interest rate risk
D
Which one of the following rates represents the change, if any, in your purchasing power as a result of owning a bond? A. risk-free rate B. realized rate C. nominal rate D. real rate E. current rate
D
Which one of the following relationships is stated correctly? A. The coupon rate exceeds the current yield when a bond sells at a discount. B. The call price must equal the par value. C. An increase in market rates increases the market price of a bond. D. Decreasing the time to maturity increases the price of a discount bond, all else constant. E. Increasing the coupon rate decreases the current yield, all else constant.
D
You are trying to compare the present values of two separate streams of cash flows which have equivalent risks. One stream is expressed in nominal values and the other stream is expressed in real values. You decide to discount the nominal cash flows using a nominal annual rate of 8 percent. What rate should you use to discount the real cash flows? A. 8 percent B. EAR of 8 percent compounded monthly C. comparable risk-free rate D. comparable real rate E. You cannot compare the present values of these two streams of cash flows.
D
You want to buy a bond from a dealer. Which one of the following prices will you pay? A. call price B. auction price C. bid price D. asked price E. bid-ask spread
D
Cat" bonds are primarily designed to help: A. municipalities survive economic recessions. B. corporations respond to overseas competition. C. the federal government cope with huge deficits. D. corporations recover from involuntary reorganizations. E. insurance companies fund excessive claims.
E
A "fallen angel" is a bond that has moved from: A. being publicly traded to being privately traded. B. being a long-term obligation to being a short-term obligation. C. having a yield-to-maturity in excess of the coupon rate to having a yield-to- maturity that is less than the coupon rate. D. senior status to junior status for liquidation purposes. E. investment grade to speculative grade.
E
A Treasury yield curve plots Treasury interest rates relative to which one of the following? A. market rates B. comparable corporate bond rates C. the risk-free rate D. inflation E. maturity
E
A U.S. Treasury bond that is quoted at 100:11 is selling: A. for 11 percent more than par value. B. at an 11 percent discount. C. for 100.11 percent of face value. D. at par and pays an 11 percent coupon. E. for 100 and 11/32nds percent of face value.
E
A bond has a market price that exceeds its face value. Which of the following features currently apply to this bond? I. discounted price II. premium price III. yield-to-maturity that exceeds the coupon rate IV. yield-to-maturity that is less than the coupon rate A. III only B. I and III only C. I and IV only D. II and III only E. II and IV only
E
A bond that has only one payment, which occurs at maturity, defines which one of the following? A. debenture B. callable C. floating-rate D. junk E. zero coupon
E
A call-protected bond is a bond that: A. is guaranteed to be called. B. can never be called. C. is currently being called. D. is callable at any time. E. cannot be called during a certain period of time.
E
An indenture is: A. another name for a bond's coupon. B. the written record of all the holders of a bond issue. C. a bond that is past its maturity date but has yet to be repaid. D. a bond that is secured by the inventory held by the bond's issuer. E. the legal agreement between the bond issuer and the bondholders.
E
Callable bonds generally: A. grant the bondholder the option to call the bond anytime after the deferment period. B. are callable at par as soon as the call-protection period ends. C. are called when market interest rates increase. D. are called within the first three years after issuance. E. have a sinking fund provision.
E
Interest rates that include an inflation premium are referred to as: A. annual percentage rates. B. stripped rates. C. effective annual rates. D. real rates. E. nominal rates.
E
Mary is a retired widow who is financially dependent upon the interest income produced by her bond portfolio. Which one of the following bonds is the least suitable for her to own? A. 6-year, putable, high coupon bond B. 5-year TIPS C. 10-year AAA coupon bond D. 5-year floating rate bond E. 7- year income bond
E
Protective covenants: A. apply to short-term debt issues but not to long-term debt issues. B. only apply to privately issued bonds. C. are a feature found only in government-issued bond indentures. D. only apply to bonds that have a deferred call provision. E. are primarily designed to protect bondholders.
E
The Leeward Company just issued 15-year, 8 percent, unsecured bonds at par. These bonds fit the definition of which one of the following terms? A. note B. discounted C. zero-coupon D. callable E. debenture
E
The difference between the price that a dealer is willing to pay and the price at which he or she will sell is called the: A. equilibrium. B. premium. C. discount. D. call price. E. spread.
E
The items included in an indenture that limit certain actions of the issuer in order to protect bondholder's interests are referred to as the: A. trustee relationships. B. bylaws. C. legal bounds. D. "plain vanilla" conditions. E. protective covenants.
E
Which of the following are characteristics of a premium bond? I. coupon rate < yield-to-maturity II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity III. coupon rate < current yield IV. coupon rate > current yield A. I only B. I and III only C. I and IV only D. II and III only E. II and IV only
E
Which one of the following statements is correct? A. The risk-free rate represents the change in purchasing power. B. Any return greater than the inflation rate represents the risk premium. C. Historical real rates of return must be positive. D. Nominal rates exceed real rates by the amount of the risk-free rate. E. The real rate must be less than the nominal rate given a positive rate of inflation.
E
You own a bond that has a 6 percent annual coupon and matures 5 years from now. You purchased this 10-year bond at par value when it was originally issued. Which one of the following statements applies to this bond if the relevant market interest rate is now 5.8 percent? A. The current yield-to-maturity is greater than 6 percent. B. The current yield is 6 percent. C. The next interest payment will be $30. D. The bond is currently valued at one-half of its issue price. E. You will realize a capital gain on the bond if you sell it today.
E