COUN 5005
Which of the following is not a question primarily oriented to meaning? a. "Could you give me a specific example?" b. "What sense do you make of it?" c. "Why is that important to you?" d. "What values underlie your actions?"
a. "Could you give me a specific example?"
Which one of the following counselor statements helps normalize the narrative? a. "Yes, it is a very complex problem, and there is a solution for every problem." b. "Please be assured that everyone has concerns, and it is indeed possible to do something about them." c. "Don't worry; everything is going to be OK." d. "I think we have a handle on your problem; resolution shouldn't be too hard."
a. "Yes, it is a very complex problem, and there is a solution for every problem."
The client may distort his or her story and blame others unfairly in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors
a. Level 1: Denial
Summarizing is primarily used to ____. a. begin or end an interview b. mentalize the world of the client c. define your agenda for the counseling session d. all of these
a. begin or end an interview
A ___________________ is an individualized application of your theoretical model that takes into consideration the antecedents of the case and your observations and inferences. a. case conceptualization b. treatment plan c. future diary d. theoretical formulation
a. case conceptualization
Confrontation during a single session and over a series of interviews may be measured on a 5-point scale called the Client Change Scale. Which of the following represents this scale? a. Denial, Identification, Recognition, Generating Solutions, and Development b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance but No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence c. Identification, Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Evaluation d. Identification, Partial Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Transcendence
b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance but No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence
Which series of openers is appropriate for closed questions? a. Could, can, would b. Do, is, are c. Could, would, why d. Who, what, when, where
b. Do, is, are
Which of the following is seen as the most basic emotion? a. Anger b. Fear c. Surprise d. Disgust
b. Fear
Empathic confrontation is: a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a complex set of skills requiring observation and listening. c. seeking clarification by "going against" a client's idea. d. the primary skill used by interviewers to cause clients to see their errors.
b. a complex set of skills requiring observation and listening.
The family genogram is ____. a. only for family counseling b. a good way to help a client focus on family issues c. a technique for advanced therapy d. all of these
b. a good way to help a client focus on family issues
Which of the following is TRUE about thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings? a. Thoughts and meanings are the most important dimensions. b. Behaviors and feelings are the most important dimensions. c. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions. d. These dimensions operate independently, and the counselor must clarify each one.
c. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.
When you use closed questions effectively as an interviewer, you can predict the client will: a. often become very defensive. b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions. c. give more specific information but may close his or her talk. d. become more talkative and expressive.
c. give more specific information but may close his or her talk.
In person-centered counseling, which phase may receive relatively little emphasis? a. Story and strengths b. Goals c. Restorying d. Action
d. Action
Relapse prevention relates to which stage of the interview? a. Story and strengths b. Goals c. Restory d. Action
d. Action
Which of the following is NOT an emotional word? a. Angry b. Excited c. Joyful d. Considerate
d. Considerate
What is your ultimate goal as a counselor or therapist? a. Learn counseling theories. b. Develop good interpersonal relations. c. Master the counseling microskills. d. Help other improve their well-being.
d. Help other improve their well-being.
Meaning ____. a. is the most important counseling skill b. is favored by cognitive-behavioral therapists as it gets at deeper issues c. often is found at the more explicit level in client conversation d. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation
d. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation
Multiculturally oriented counseling is more likely than traditional counseling to focus on ____. a. the individual b. the family c. others and their sexism or racism d. the cultural and environmental context
d. the cultural and environmental context
In which stage of the interview are you and your client likely to generate specific implementation plans? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
e. Action
Microskills are: a. comprehensive intervention skills. b. communication skills units. c. persuasive communication strategies. d. hidden codes of communication.
b. communication skills units.
Which of the following is most closely associated with thoughts? a. Reflection of meaning b. Reflection of feeling c. Summarization d. Paraphrase
d. Paraphrase
Which of the following theories place a strong emphasis on treatment plans? a. Cognitive therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. Person-centered therapy d. All of these
a. Cognitive therapy
As the interviewer, when you don't know what to do next, which of the following should you do? a. Continue attending to the client. b. Ask the client to start over. c. Consult your notes regarding the client's issues. d. End the session.
a. Continue attending to the client.
The basic listening sequence (BLS) is a key counselor action in Story and Strengths, Stage 2 of the five-stage interview structure, in which of the following theories? a. Decisional counseling b. Person-centered counseling c. Cognitive behavioral training d. Brief counseling e. All of these
a. Decisional counseling
Which of the following may be observed when an interview issue is of interest to a middle-class client? a. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation b. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil contraction c. Partial eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation d. Partial eye contact, trunk lean away, pupil contraction
a. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation
"What special issues do you anticipate with regard to rapport development?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
a. Empathic relationship
In which stage of the interview may a common bond between you and your client be established? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
a. Empathic relationship
Which of the following best represents the contrast between interpretation and paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning? a. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference. b. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. c. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. d. In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference.
a. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference.
Which of the following provides the client with data on both positive and negative consequences of an intended action? a. Logical consequences b. Directive c. Feedback d. Instruction/psychoeducation
a. Logical consequences
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty. b. Optimism is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty. c. Resilience is the imagined ability to bounce back from difficulty. d. Optimism is not related to resilience.
a. Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.
Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase? a. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out b. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing c. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing d. Sentence stem, reflection of feeling, a closing, and a check-out
a. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out
What are the three major steps of confrontation? a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness b. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Identifying discrepancies; Step 3: Confronting client's thinking c. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Countering client talk; Step 3: Closing with a directive d. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; Step 3: Evaluating client response
a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness
Which of the following is an expected result from interviewer use of self-disclosure? a. The client may reveal more personal detail, create trust, and establish a more equal relationship. b. The client will learn more about the interviewer and develop a better relationship. c. The client will resolve an old issue and focus on a new problem. d. The client may recognize the power of the interviewer and profit more from his or her guidance.
a. The client may reveal more personal detail, create trust, and establish a more equal relationship.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the microskills? a. The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session. b. The interviewer can always depend on the expected consequences detailed in the overview. c. The microskills must be used in the specific order as described to increase effectiveness. d. All of these
a. The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session.
The microskills hierarchy: a. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs. b. demonstrates that alternative settings for counseling require different skills. c. describes the skills in order of importance. d. provides a picture of the microskills as they move from attending to influencing to skill integration.
a. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
If you use an encourager correctly, you may anticipate that the client will ____. a. elaborate on the topic that has been encouraged b. accurately paraphrase what you have said back to you c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing d. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important
a. elaborate on the topic that has been encouraged
Positive facial expressions, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective demonstrations of ____. a. encouraging b. paraphrasing c. summarizing d. empathizing
a. encouraging
Silence, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective ways of: a. encouraging. b. paraphrasing. c. summarizing. d. reflecting feeling.
a. encouraging.
Attending skills: a. exist in all cultures, but may be expressed differently. b. remain the same from culture to culture. c. are very similar, but differ occasionally in cultures. d. enable an interviewer to communicate with people of other cultures at a very rapid rate.
a. exist in all cultures, but may be expressed differently.
Discernment is: a. finding a life vision. b. making a decision. c. coping with life challenges. d. overcoming interpersonal conflicts.
a. finding a life vision.
Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning: a. in a broader multicultural context. b. with the aid of a significant other. c. with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer. d. in spite of a multitude of problems and issues.
a. in a broader multicultural context.
Crisis counseling: a. is the most pragmatic and action-oriented form of helping. b. does not emphasize relationship. c. should be reserved for mental health clinics that require quick action and accountability. d. all of these.
a. is the most pragmatic and action-oriented form of helping.
Exploring specific alternatives and the logical positive and negative concrete consequences of each possibility is the skill of: a. logical consequence. b. information/psychoeducation. c. directives. d. none of these.
a. logical consequence.
A major assumption of ____ is that the client is competent and self-actualizing. a. person-centered theory b. cognitive behavioral theory c. brief counseling d. none of these
a. person-centered theory
Informed consent refers to: a. providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence. b. telling the client halfway through the interview about their rights. c. too many people avoiding this critical issue. d. honestly discussing multicultural differences between the counselor and client.
a. providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence.
If your client starts with you at denial or partial acceptance (Level 1 or 2) and then moves with your help to acceptance and generating new solutions (Level 3 or 4), you have clear evidence of: a. the effectiveness of your therapy process. b. the capacity of your client to achieve progress without your help. c. the strong need for leadership and direction your client has. d. the powerful impact of the environment on our clients.
a. the effectiveness of your therapy process.
Multicultural competence focuses on: a. awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training. b. ethical statements for effective multicultural work. c. an adopted set of absolute rules for counselors and psychologists. d. culturally specific treatment methods.
awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training.
Interpretation/reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories? a. Person-Centered Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Decisional Theory
b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory
"Multicultural Guidelines and Competencies, Dimension 1: Be aware of your own assumptions, values, and biases." Based on this, which of the following contributes to your ability to become more self-aware? a. Develop a specialty practice by immersing yourself in every detail of daily life of one or two cultural groups at a time. b. Consider yourself as a cultural being and recognize your own limitations. c. Rather than consider each client as unique, focus on the common behaviors that the person before you may have in common with the cultural group to which they belong. d. Achieve complete multicultural knowledge through study and experience.
b. Consider yourself as a cultural being and recognize your own limitations.
Which of the following is not used in reflection of feeling? a. Identifying key emotions b. Emphasizing cognitive content c. Affective empathy d. Searching for positive feelings
b. Emphasizing cognitive content
Asking the client what he or she wants to happen in cognitive behavioral therapy is most representative of which phase of the interview? a. Story and strengths b. Goals c. Restorying d. Action
b. Goals
HIPAA is the acronym for: a. Health Incorporated for Patients Assistance for Allstate. b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. c. Health Insurance for Patients from All Alliances. d. Health Insurance Provided by Allstate to All.
b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
Which question stem is often oriented to bringing out feelings and/or client processes? a. What b. How c. Why d. Could
b. How
____ the microskills into a well-formed interview and ____ the skills to situations beyond the training session or classroom. a. Invent; apply b. Integrate; generalize c. Mix; address d. Maneuver; develop
b. Integrate; generalize
Which one of the following is an IMPROPER counselor choice in regards to counselor psychoeducational/instruction sharing? a. Provide advice sparingly and only when the client is likely to need and accept it. b. Offer advice and your opinions at any time a client may request it. c. After careful listening and if the situation warrants, you can offer advice and instruction. d. When listening to counselor advice, let the client be in charge.
b. Offer advice and your opinions at any time a client may request it.
Which skill is most useful in working with an implicit level of speech and action? a. Confrontation b. Reflection of meaning c. Reflection of feeling d. Summarization
b. Reflection of meaning
An accurate paraphrase usually consists of which of the following four dimensions? a. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing b. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out c. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing d. Sentence stem, mirroring client body language, reflection of feeling, and a check-out
b. Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out
"Robert, I'd like to know some things that have gone well for you at work." Identify the stage from the five-stage model of the interview where an interviewer would most likely use this statement. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiate the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating
b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather data
"What are the anticipated concerns or strengths?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
b. Story and strengths
. The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. In which stage of the interview are you likely to emphasize behavior, thoughts, feelings, and meanings? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
b. Story and strengths
Which statement best describes person-centered counseling? a. The client is the single focus, excluding all other factors. b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing. c. The client is not competent and ultimately self-actualizing. d. The client's concerns must be detailed and resolved.
b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing.
The founder of Logotherapy is: a. Albert Ellis. b. Viktor Frankl. c. Carl Rogers. d. Sigmund Freud.
b. Viktor Frankl
If a client is continually talking about negative emotions, which of the following is most helpful? a. Encourage the client to continue as he or she wishes. This will empower the client to make his or her own decisions. b. Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering the client to face the negatives from a basis of strength. c. Ask the client to identify positive feelings in his or her body. d. All of these
b. Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering the client to face the negatives from a basis of strength.
In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate for a counselor to share instruction and psychoeducation? a. After listening carefully to your client's account of his or her marital difficulties over several sessions, at the third session the client asks, "Should I file for divorce?" b. You have learned that one of your clients is having difficulty considering the best way to care for an aging parent. The client says, "I don't know what to do. How do I go about exploring elder care, particularly local full-time care facilities?" c. As a college counselor, a third year student is reconsidering her choice of majors. You have listened carefully as she has explained the catalyst and her reasoning when she asks, "If you were me, which major would you choose?" d. A business manager is caught in a company downsizing effort. He is blindsided at work with a lay-off notice. On his first visit, he seems almost in crisis when he asks, "I have no idea what to do; what should I do?"
b. You have learned that one of your clients is having difficulty considering the best way to care for an aging parent. The client says, "I don't know what to do. How do I go about exploring elder care, particularly local full-time care facilities?"
A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you assume: a. an evaluative style of listening to detect client deception. b. a sense neutrality in relation to your client. c. active and assertive communication with your client. d. all of these
b. a sense neutrality in relation to your client
Discernment ____. a. is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life b. all of the above c. describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels of meaning d. is "sifting through" our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin
b. all of the above
. A counselor is most likely looking for ________ and ________ when he or she suggests to the client that creating a community genogram may be helpful. a. "free-form" client activity; client creativity b. client developmental history; to identify client strengths c. detailed client strengths; detailed client issues d. community of origin; present community
b. client developmental history; to identify client strengths
Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies ________. a. client topics; interviewer topics b. client direction; interviewer direction c. interviewer direction; client direction d. interviewer topics; client topics
b. client direction; interviewer direction
If you use paraphrases effectively, you may anticipate that the client will ____. a. change or jump topics b. give more detail without repeating exactly the same story c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing d. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important
b. give more detail without repeating exactly the same story
. Offering specific instruction to the client on how to resolve issues and providing useful suggestions for personal change is the skill of: a. logical consequence. b. instruction/psychoeducation. c. counselor directives. d. none of these.
b. instruction/psychoeducation.
A person-centered counselor is interested in focusing on the meanings and feelings of the client; the facts of the problem are considered ____. a. more important b. less important c. of significant importance d. of no significance at all
b. less important
A proficient demonstration of active listening requires the interviewer to ____. a. listen intently and evaluate client responses to determine appropriate treatment b. listen intently, with a nonjudgmental attitude, and clarify what clients have to say c. listen intently and convey his/her approval and support of the client's topic d. all of these
b. listen intently, with a nonjudgmental attitude, and clarify what clients have to say
Frankl's most significant contribution to counseling and psychotherapy is: a. cognitive behavioral therapy. b. logotherapy. c. multicultural therapy. d. motivational interviewing.
b. logotherapy.
Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in ____. a. thoughts b. meanings c. behaviors d. feelings
b. meanings
In the person-centered approach, the focus on the individual client is predominant, and the focus of ___________ is less of a focus. a. positive and negative consequences b. multicultural/environmental context c. client's presenting problem or issue d. variety of resolution alternatives
b. multicultural/environmental context
Working with children, it helps if: a. you are a warm, talkative person. b. you avoid leading questions. c. you use concrete language. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
When the counselor intentionally uses a(n)_________________, he or she can expect the client will feel heard. They will tend to go on further and not repeat the same story again. a. encourager/restatement b. paraphrase c. reflection of feeling d. confrontation
b. paraphrase
The most immediate and potentially powerful tense for a reflection of feeling is: a. past tense. b. present tense. c. future tense. d. all tenses have equal power.
b. present tense.
The basic listening sequence consists of which skills? a. attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure b. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations c. verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills d. open questions, closed questions, attending behavior, and check-out
b. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations
The following primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are ________. a. mad, annoyed, angry, contempt, surprised, and furious b. sad, mad, glad, surprised, disgust, and scared c. happy, joyous, excited, nervous, contempt, and surprised d. surprised, disgusted, caring, guilt, obstinate, and contempt
b. sad, mad, glad, surprised, disgust, and scared
An important part of cognitive behavioral therapy that is considered essential is ____. a. finding the real self the person wishes to develop b. the use of homework c. recording automatic thoughts d. encouraging self-healing
b. the use of homework
Interviewer interpretation may provide the client with a new frame of reference. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY an interpretation? a. "You're upset and troubled." b. "Sounds like you want some help right now." c. "Sounds like your fear of rejection led you to seek rejection from your wife." d. None of the above
c. "Sounds like your fear of rejection led you to seek rejection from your wife."
What is an appropriate counselor response when clients sometimes ask you directly for advice? a. Give the client psychoeducational instruction based on your personal experience. b. Offer your opinion; the right advice fosters independence in the client. c. Ask the client to explore the issue from a different perspective first. d. Give the client advice based on your best assessment of the client's problem.
c. Ask the client to explore the issue from a different perspective first.
The five stages of the client interview and all problem-solving systems are based on both ____ and ____. a. Frank Parsons' original decisional model; abstract theory b. trait-and-factor theory; the "1-2-3" influencing model c. Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; abstract theory d. the "1-2-3" influencing model; Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model
c. Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; abstract theory
Which of the following is MOST TRUE for counseling practice, according to the authors? a. Closed questions should be used rarely. b. Closed questions should never be used. c. Closed questions can be helpful in bringing out specifics. d. Closed questions are the basis of clear decision making
c. Closed questions can be helpful in bringing out specifics
Relapse prevention would MOST LIKELY be used by which of the following theories or methods? a. Motivational interviewing b. Decisional career counseling c. Cognitive behavioral therapy d. All of these
c. Cognitive behavioral therapy
____ consider(s) basic confrontation between the present behavior and the goal behavior in Stage 4, restory. a. Multicultural counseling b. Person-centered counseling c. Cognitive behavioral therapy d. Feminist therapy
c. Cognitive behavioral therapy
Which of the following statements is TRUE of logical consequences?a. As clients move toward decisions, encourage them to always think positively. b. It is the counselor's responsibility to direct the client when he/she is considering a bad decision. c. Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner. d. Effective counselors always encourage clients to attempt new tasks in anticipation of rewards.
c. Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner.
"I really love my brother," said in a quiet tone with averted eyes, is an example of which of the following? a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors b. Discrepancies in verbal statements c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does d. Discrepancies between statements and arguments
c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does
"How will you elicit the client's idealized self or world?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
c. Goals
In which stage of the interview are you and your client likely to define the ideal outcome? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
c. Goals
"Multicultural Guidelines and Competencies: Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of the culturally different client." According to this, which of the following contributes to your ability to comprehend the worldview of diverse clients? a. By applying traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills, you will achieve similar results to all cultural groups. b. Your study and experiences will enhance your confidence in cross-cultural counseling. c. If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world. d. The impact of socioeconomic factors and other oppressive forces may vary some among cultural groups, but overall the impact is similar.
c. If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world.
What, if anything, is the difference between interpretation and reframe? a. Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client. b. There is no discernable difference. c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. d. Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.
c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.
The reality of the story is acknowledged during __________________ of the Client Change Scale (CCS). a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 4: Generation of a new solution
c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change
Discernment is a technique used by which theory? a. Cognitive behavioral therapy b. Person-centered c. Logotherapy d. Crisis counseling
c. Logotherapy
Reflection of meaning is most often associated with which theory? a. Person-centered b. Behavioral c. Logotherapy d. Psychodynamic
c. Logotherapy
Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients' low self-worth and self- esteem? a. Self-talk and internal dialogue b. Cognitive distortions and negative schemas c. Oppression and racism d. All of the above
c. Oppression and racism
. Which of the following is most closely associated with values and beliefs? a. Summarization b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Paraphrase
c. Reflection of meaning
In cognitive behavioral therapy, when we suggest alternatives for action, we are most likely in which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Restory d. Action
c. Restory
In person-centered counseling, when we explore the distinctions between the real self and the ideal self, we are most likely in which stage of the interview? a. Story and strengths b. Goals c. Restorying d. Action
c. Restorying
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding self-disclosure? a. Use extensive self-disclosures to ensure clients understand your communication b. Include as many ideas as possible to effectively help the client c. Return the focus to the client as quickly as appropriate d. All of these
c. Return the focus to the client as quickly as appropriate
Which of the following best applies to Frankl's Logotherapy? a. Focus on the cultural, environmental, and contextual issues. b. Seek to discover how to deal with major life challenges. c. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. d. Search for meaning wherever we can find something important.
c. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Which of the following correctly details the techniques of reflecting feelings? a. Sentence stem, feeling label, content summary, past tense, check-out b. Feeling label, brief context, sentence content, tense, check-out c. Sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out d. Feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out, closing
c. Sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out
"I also grew up in an alcoholic family and understand some of the confusion you feel..." is an interviewer statement you would MOST LIKELY hear in which of the five dimensions of self-disclosure? a. Listen b. Use "I" statements c. Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors d. Use appropriate immediacy and tense
c. Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
Which of the following is an expected result when using reflection of meaning? a. The client will role-play personal stories and conflictive issues. b. The client will analyze deep-seated memories. c. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. d. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.
c. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth.
Which of the following is the best definition of acculturation? a. Giving up one's own culture and embracing a new culture. b. Maintaining one's own culture while embracing the new. c. The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture. d. The degree to which an individual has learned how to behave in a culturally appropriate way.
c. The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture.
Empathic confrontation is best described as _____________. a. direct eye contact and a clear voice b. identifying mixed messages c. a gentle, but firm, challenge d. all of these
c. a gentle, but firm, challenge
Interpretation/reframing and reflection of meaning ____. a. are designed to help clients examine themselves from a new perspective b. seek implicit issues and meanings below the surface of conversation c. all of the above d. are both skills and a strategies
c. all of the above
Crisis counseling was developed: a. as person-centered theory gave little attention to action. b. as assertiveness training is too behavioral and specific. c. as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame. d. all of these.
c. as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame.
As a result of effective and empathic confrontation, a counselor or interviewer can anticipate that the client will ________. a. resolve his or her issues b. move to a more productive topic c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings d. become angry
c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings
If you use summarizing correctly, you may anticipate that the client will ____. a. thank you and move on to a different topic b. give more detail without repeating exactly the same story c. feel heard and learn how parts of important stories are integrated d. stop talking and jump to another story
c. feel heard and learn how parts of important stories are integrated
The microskills hierarchy: a. describes interview skills in order of importance. b. demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills. c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing. d. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.
When you use open questions effectively as an interviewer, you can predict the client will: a. often become very defensive. b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions. c. give more details and talk more. d. express more emotional release.
c. give more details and talk more.
During the ____ stage of the interview clients might seek to learn how to live more effectively with situations or events that cannot be changed at this point (e.g., rape, death, an accident, an illness). a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action
c. goals
Intentional interviewing is concerned with: a. finding the single best response for each client statement. b. the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well. c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement. d. being able to explain why you made that particular choice.
c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.
The community genogram is used to help clients understand how their ________ might affect their current feelings and thoughts. a. behavior b. hobbies c. history d. careers
c. history
The first step in confrontation is: a. establishing rapport. b. asking the client why he or she did it. c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy. d. confronting the client.
c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy.
In the five-stage counseling model, Stage 4: Restory does NOT include ____. a. generate alternatives b. confront client incongruities and conflict c. identifying the interviewer role d. help clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior
c. identifying the interviewer role
Attending behavior on the part of the helping professional ____. a. is making sure the client is comfortable before the session begins b. is attending to client needs as they arise in the session c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk. d. is noting accurate details in the report following the session
c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk.
Vocal qualities mean: a. tracking the client's story without interruption. b. noting what clients discuss and what they avoid. c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation. d. facing the client when you are speaking with them.
c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation.
Logical consequences is a strategy rarely used by: a. decision counseling. b. cognitive behavioral therapy. c. person centered therapy. d. motivational interviewing.
c. person centered therapy.
Linking: a. presents clients with a specific plan for action. b. connects clients with social networks. c. provides clients with new insights. d. helps clients experience their feelings.
c. provides clients with new insights.
When the counselor repeats short statements, two or more words, exactly as used by the client, this is known as a ____. a. paraphrase b. summary c. restatement d. reflection
c. restatement
Clients tend to talk about or focus on topics to which the counselor or interviewer gives primary attention. This is known as ____. a. interviewer focus b. topical priorities c. selective attention d. session structuring
c. selective attention
"I'd feel more comfortable if I weren't the center of attention." This is an example of: a. interpretation. b. logical consequences. c. self-disclosure. d. feedback.
c. self-disclosure.
"I'm really feeling bad right now." This is an example of: a. interpretation. b. logical consequences. c. self-disclosure. d. feedback.
c. self-disclosure.
A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you: a. assert your opinions with a positive attitude. b. stop your listening skills and let client speak. c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes. d. all of these
c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes.
Cognitive behavioral therapy stresses: a. resolving issues around practical life issues and problems. b. how a client understands self and makes meaning of life. c. that distorted cognitions can be recorded, monitored, and changed. d. client assets and resources to resolve issues.
c. that distorted cognitions can be recorded, monitored, and changed.
Paraphrasing and summarizing communicate to clients ____. a. that it is time for the session to end b. that the interviewer is skilled c. that they have been listened to d. that what the interviewer says is important during the helping session
c. that they have been listened to
The family genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding: a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. d. cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.
c. the client's family contextual issues.
Both interviewers and clients may find themselves speaking with louder volume and increased vocal emphasis for certain words and short phrases. This is known as: a. verbal tracking. b. vocal tone. c. verbal underlining. d. vocal quality.
c. verbal underlining.
Achieving a major more lasting transformation in client thinking and behavior may require: a. several interviews. b. time to internalize new solutions. c. moving from denial or partial acceptance. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Which of the following questions is most likely to bring out data that was missed earlier, according to the authors? a. "Could you tell me more?" b. "What happened specifically? Could you give me an example?" c. "How do you feel about that?" d. "What else?"
d. "What else?"
The skill of logical consequences is most closely associated with which of the following schools of therapy? a. Psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral b. Gestalt, Logotherapy c. Rogerian, person-centered d. Adlerian, decisional
d. Adlerian, decisional
Which of the following is TRUE about observation? a. Observation is the act of watching carefully and intentionally. b. The goal of observation is to understand behavior. c. Mastering observation is not easy. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following can be used to identify personal and multicultural strengths? a. Post the community genogram on the wall. b. Focus on one single dimension of the community. c. Develop two positive stories from groups within the community. d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is a reason to focus client conversation? a. The client gives you three full minutes of problematic stories. b. The client insists that you start solving issues immediately. c. You and the client are overwhelmed by the number of client issues. d. All of these
d. All of these
Should clients match the language of the interviewer, or should the interviewer match the language and style of the client? a. Clients should be referred to helping professionals who match their style. b. Interviewers should always strive to match the client's style. c. Client and interviewer language and styles synchronize in the session. d. Both options can be appropriate given the client and the situation.
d. Both options can be appropriate given the client and the situation.
Interpretation/reframing helps clients find new ways of thinking about their alternatives for action in which of the following theories? a. Cognitive Behavioral Theory b. Person-Centered Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Decisional Theory
d. Decisional Theory
When does the counselor inform the client of purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations, potential risks, and benefits of the counseling process? a. At the beginning of the counseling relationship b. After the client agrees to a counseling relationship c. Every other session without fail d. During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered
d. During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered
Anticipation of rewards or punishment is most closely associated with which of the following influencing strategies? a. Directive b. Feedback c. Self-disclosure d. Logical consequences
d. Logical consequences
Reflection of meaning helps clients find alternative ways of viewing the situation in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Psychodynamic Theory c. Cognitive Behavioral Theory d. Person-Centered Theory
d. Person-Centered Theory
. Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation/reframe. a. Match the client's behavior with the most appropriate microskill. b. Consider the ethnic and cultural background of the client. c. Draw conclusions from the client's nonverbal expression of feeling. d. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.
d. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.
Which of the following is most closely associated with emotions? a. Paraphrase b. Summarization c. Reflection of meaning d. Reflection of feeling
d. Reflection of feeling
"What specific incongruities do you anticipate in the client?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
d. Restory
The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. In which stage of the interview can we begin by summarizing the client's positive strengths and wellness assets? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
d. Restory
"What has worked for you before?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating
d. Stage 4: Restory - Working
Which one of the following statements regarding the Microskills Hierarchy is NOT true? a. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy represent a systematic breakdown of the key skills required for intentional interviewing. b. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy provide fairly consistent predictions of client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill. c. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy provide flexibility for the interviewer when the unexpected occurs. d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow an interviewer to always predict client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill.
d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow an interviewer to always predict client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill.
When you are multiculturally different from your client, which of the following is TRUE regarding appropriate self-disclosure? a. Multicultural differences are fairly obvious and can be disclosed spontaneously. b. Frequent practice of the microskills and experience will make self-disclosure a natural part of your interviewing style. c. Self-disclosure must include every aspect of your experience that the client needs to hear. d. The frank disclosure of differences helps establish rapport and may be essential to building trust.
d. The frank disclosure of differences helps establish rapport and may be essential to building trust.
Advocacy is ____. a. speaking out for your clients b. working in the school or community c. working for social change d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence based on: a. education and training. b. supervised and appropriate professional experience. c. state and national professional credentials. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Counselors should practice only within the boundaries of: a. competence. b. education, training, and supervision. c. professional credentials and appropriate professional experience. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Ethical codes aid the helping process by: a. teaching and promoting the basics of ethical and appropriate practice. b. serving as a mechanism to improve practice. c. protecting clients by providing accountability. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Interviewer self-disclosure can generate client talk and create additional trust, but caution must be observed because _____________. a. clients' rights may be abused if self-disclosure is used too early b. counseling and interviewing can operate successfully without self-disclosure c. not everyone agrees that self-disclosure is a wise skill to include among counselor techniques d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Discrepancies between the client and the external world include: a. conflict between the client and another person. b. conflict between the client and a challenging situation. c. conflict between the client and a nurse at a hospital. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Discrepancies internal to the client include: a. mixed messages observed in nonverbal client behavior. b. incongruities between two verbal statements. c. differences between what the client says and what the client does. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
The most common empathic confrontation uses: a. paraphrasing. b. reflection of feelings. c. summarizations. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Cultural differences: a. reveal clearly that counseling across cultures is virtually impossible. b. reveal little in the way of personal or group differences. c. must be taken into account, but only with groups with whom one has experience. d. are an important factor that must be considered in every counseling session.
d. are an important factor that must be considered in every counseling session.
The community genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding: a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. d. cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.
d. cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.
Discernment is a strategy that may enable clients to ____. a. feel empowered to make decisions b. discover the underlying meaning of their problems c. develop a more positive attitude toward their past problems d. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future
d. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future
. Paraphrasing is concerned with feeding back the key points of what a client has said. Reflection of feeling, in contrast, involves: a. observing emotions. b. naming emotions. c. repeating emotions back to the client. d. helping clients become more affective.
d. helping clients become more affective.
Reflection of meaning and exploration will likely lead to ____. a. an increased awareness of the importance of meditation b. none of the above c. increase in neurons and neural connections in the specific place in the brain where we find morality and spirituality d. the development of new neural connections in the brain
d. the development of new neural connections in the brain
Basic empathy is best defined as: a. the interviewer interchanges responses with the client. b. the interviewer changes roles with the client. c. the relationship is one of equity and understanding. d. the interviewer accurately says back to the client what has been said.
d. the interviewer accurately says back to the client what has been said.
Empathy is defined as experiencing: a. the client's worldview. b. the world as if you are the client. c. awareness that you are separate from the client. d. the world as if you were the client, but being aware that you are separate from the client.
d. the world as if you were the client, but being aware that you are separate from the client.
Observation is: a. secondary to attending and questioning skills. b. less important when you videotape interview sessions. c. focusing only on your client's speech in the interview. d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.
d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.
"What will enable the interviewee to feel the interview was worthwhile?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action
e. Action