Course 2 Week 2

In a class A address, the possible values for the first octet are

0-127

What does the letter B represent in Media Access Control (MAC) address?

11

What is an example of a correct form of CIDR notation?

192.168.1.0/24

How many possible host IDs do you always lose per network?

2

How many IP addresses does a class C network have?

256 addresses

How many bits long is an IP address?

32 bits

Subnet mask

32-bit numbers that are normally written as four octets of decimal numbers

The are ____ octets in an IP address

4

How many octets does a subnet mask have?

4. A subnet mask is the same length as an IP address and has two sections: the subnet ID and the host ID. The beginning part, the subnet ID, is the part of the number with all the ones (in binary representation). The second part, the host ID, is the part with all the zeros. The purpose of the mask is to tell a router what part of an IP address is the subnet ID.

Total length field

A 16-bit field that indicates the total length of the IP datagram it's attached to

Header checksum field

A checksum of the contents of the entire IP datagram header

Dotted decimal notation

A format of using dots to separate numbers in a string, such as in an IP address

Header length field

A four bit field that declares how long the entire header is. It is almost always 20 bytes in length when dealing with IPv4

IP datagram

A highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined

ARP table

A list of IP addresses and the MAC addresses associated with them

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network

What is a network with only a single device at each end of the link called?

A point to point connection

Protocol field

A protocol field is an 8-bit field that contains data about what transport layer protocol is being used

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A protocol used to discover the hardware address of a node with a certain IP address

A router is performing basic routing functions. What is the first step in the transmission of a packet?

A router receives a packet of data.

Padding field

A series of zeros used to ensure the header is the correct total size

Address class system

A system which defines how the global IP address space is split up

DHCP

A technology that assigns an IP address automatically to a new device. It is an application layer protocol that automates the configuration process of hosts on a network

What does ARP stand for?

Address Resolution Protocol

Time-To-Live field (TTL)

An 8-bit field that indicates how many router hops a datagram can traverse before it's thrown away

Dynamic IP address

An IP address assigned automatically to a new device through a technology known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Static IP address

An IP address that must be manually configured on a node

Service type field

An eight bit field that can be used to specify details about quality of service or QoS technologies

IP options field

An optional field and is used to set special characteristics for datagrams primarily used for testing purposes

Who is permitted to use non-routable address space?

Anyone

ASN

Autonomous System Number is a number assigned to an individual autonomous system

Where in an ethernet frame will you find a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) header?

Before the ethertype field

Which IP address class has the first two octets reserved for the network ID and the last two octets for the host ID?

Class B

What does CIDR stand for?

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

What is something that requests data from a server?

Client

What type of cable communicates binary data by changing the voltage between two ranges?

Copper

A typical routing table may contain what?

Destination network and total hops

What protocol communicates data between routers representing the edges of autonomous systems?

Exterior gateway

The _______ is used to indicate that the datagram is allowed to be fragmented or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented.

Flag Field

Interface

For a router, the port where a router connects to a network. A router gives and receives data through its interfaces. These are also used as part of the routing table

What is the process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams called?

Fragmentation

A Local Area Network (LAN) used category 6 cabling. An issue with a connection results in a network link degradation and only one device can communicate at a time, but information can still go in either direction. What is the connection operating at?

Half duplex

You have installed a device at the physical layer. All of the systems you connect to this device will talk to each other at the same time. What have you installed?

Hub

What is the difference between Interior Gateway Protocols and Exterior Gateway protocols?

Interior Gateway Protocols share information within a single autonomous system. Exterior Gateway Protocols are used for the exchange on information between multiple autonomous systems.

Interior gateway

Interior gateway protocols are used by routers to share information within a single autonomous system

Fragmentation offset field

It contains values used by the receiving end to take all the parts of a fragmented packet and put them back together in the correct order

Identification field

It is a 16-bit number that's used to group messages together

Flag field

It is used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be fragmented, or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented

Interior gateway protocols are further split into two categories

Link state routing protocols and distance-vector protocols

The IP address assigned to a device would depend on the _______ it is connected

Network

Which of these devices contains many network ports, but does no other work than being a container for cable endpoints?

Patch Panel

Which section in an ethernet frame contains the data from higher layers, such as Internet Protocol (IP) and the transport and application layers?

Payload

Which is the first layer of the TCP/IP Five-layer network model?

Physical

Which layer of the network model includes specifications for cables and connectors and how signals are sent over these connections?

Physical

What is the five layer networking model in order?

Physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer

Exterior gateway

Protocols that are used for the exchange of information between independent autonomous systems

What does RFC stand for?

Request For Comments

What device knows how to forward traffic between independent netowrks?

Router

Which device forwards data and operates at layer three of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model?

Router

Routing protocols

Special protocols the routers use to speak to each other in order to share what information they might have

Next hop

The IP address of the next router that should receive data intended for the destination networking question or this could just state the network is directly connected and that there aren't any additional hops needed. Defined as part of the routing table.

IANA

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, is a non-profit organization that helps manage things like IP address allocation

Consider the following scenario: Your IP address is 192.168.8.34, and your subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. What part of the subnet mask represents the subnet ID?

The first two octets in the subnet mask are all ones in binary. This tells the router that the first two octets of the IP address are the subnet ID. 255.255

Subnetting

The process of taking a large network and splitting it up into many individual smaller sub networks or subnets

Fragmentation

The process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it ip into several smaller datagrams

A router is performing basic routing functions. What is the second step in the transmission of a paclet?

The router examines the destination IP of this packet

Total hops

The total number of devices data passes through to get from its source to its destination. Routers try to choose the shortest path, so fewest hops possible. The routing table is used to keep track of this

Non-routable address space

They are ranges of IP set aside for use by anyone that cannot be routed to

Why do entries in a local address resolution protocol (ARP) table expire after a short amount of time?

To account for network changes

Demarcate

To set the boundaries of something

Which protocol provides mechanisms ensuring data is reliably delivered?

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

True or False The TCP provides mechanisms to ensure that data is reliably delivered

True

Demarcation point

Where one network or system ends and another one begins

Interior gateway protocols are used by routers in order to share information with a single

autonomous system

Routing protocols fall into two main categories-

interior gateway protocols and exterior gateway protocols

What is eight bits of data called?

octet

Destination network

the column in a routing table that contains a row for each network that the router knows about

In computer science, a list is know as a _______

vector