Course Excercises 11-13

While African economic life was deeply affected by European trade at least in some key regions, there was no massive change in political institutions or cultural forms on the continent overall.

False

Which of the following did not lead a war of resistance during French colonial conquest of western Africa in the 1880s and 1890s?

Fernando Poo

In terms of square miles seized, rank the three greatest African imperialists from largest to smallest.

France, Britain, Germany

Which of the following did not occur at the Berlin Conference of 1884?

The conference divided all of Africa among the major European powers.

The main objects of European exploration in the 1850s, 1860s, and 1870s were

the upper Nile, the Zambezi, and the Congo

European Christians carried out much of the early Christian mission-work in the interior of tropical West Africa.

False

European missionaries required very little in terms of changes in African social practices such as polygamy and traditional rituals.

False

King Lobengula initially sought a military response to Rhodes unjustly procured claims to the Ndebele land.

False

Which of the following statements about Christian missionaries in Africa is true?

Christian Missionaries sought to replace Africain cultures with their own

During which of the following years did the whole tone and tempo of African-European contact change?

1880-1900

Until what year did the Yao of East Africa successfully resist German colonial encroachment?

1899

___________ was funded by missionaries to promote commercial side of anti-slavery motto: "Christianity and commerce".

African Lakes Company

The main weakness of [x] and [y] was that they could not unite in their opposition to new foreign [z] from the west.

Ahmadu, Samori, Intrusion

Which of the following was not a reason for imperialism?

All colonies were economically beneficial to the mother country

The spread of Christianity meant the spread of illiteracy

False

Which of the following west African polities had its peoples engage in several battles with the British as they sought to prevent foreign domination of the coastal trade?

Asante

Under whose rule did the Asante successfully prevent British control until the early 20th century?

Asantehene Prempe

What is significant about Isandhlwana?

It halted the British Plans for a federation

At which of the following international conferences did European political leaders meet in 1885 to outline the rules for the 'Scramble for Africa'?

Berlin Confrence

Bechuanaland is the modern African state of

Botswana

What nation dominated overseas trade and colonial conquest in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Britian

Who was in control of the land known as the richest known diamond-bearing territory in the world during the 'mineral revolution'?

British

Who dominated the exploitation of the diamond and gold fields of southern Africa during the late 19th century?

British and Boers

During the southern African mineral revolution, which company grew to dominate all the others?

De Beers

Who is arguable the best known explorer and missionary in Africa during the 19th century?

Dr. David Livingstone

During the 1870s-80s, Boers of the Transvaal cultivated peaceful and mutually beneficial relations with the Zulu, Xhosa and Pedi kingdoms in the region.

False

Edward Wilmot Blyden advocated the spreading of Western knowledge and ideas by Westernized white people like himself.

False

Which of the following countries began approaching the level of British power in the world? (Select all that apply)

Germany, United States, Belgium, France

Which of the following describes Nama leader Hendrik Witibooi reflections on the Herero joining an alliance with the Germans?

He thought the Herero people would regret their choice and be betrayed by the Germans

How did Lewanika sign over the rights to exploit the minerals of his Lozi kingdom?

He was tricked by Rhode's BSA agent Lochner

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of imperialism on the ecology of colonized regions?

Imperialism destroyed traditional African societies and disrupted every aspect of political, social and economic life with disastrous results for family life.

Why did Europeans not believe James Bruce's stories of the splendors of Ethiopia and its royal court at Gondar?

It did not fit the prejudiced European view of Africa as primitive and disorganized societies

What was the strategic reason for the British to proclaim the Bechuanaland Protectorate in 1885?

It prevented the Germans from linking up with the Transvaal across the 'road to the north'

Who wrote the book West African Countries and Peoples: A Vindication of the African Race (1867), which challenged European notions of racial superiority?

James Africanus Horton

Which European explorer journeyed to Ethiopia to find the source of the Blue Nile?

James Bruce

Which traditional African political leader adopted Christianity as the state religion in order to strengthen his authority?

Khama III

What monarch was most eager to establish the rules for the "scramble for Africa?"

King Leopold II of Belgium

Which of the following Africa states had a king that converted to Christianity in 1506?

Kongo

At the Battle of Isandhlwana in 1879

Lead by King Cetswyo, the Zulu army overran the British

The African country founded by the ACS in 1847 was

Liberia

Which of the following was not a critique of imperialism?

Most of the European population rejected the principles of imperialism.

Which of the following was not a result of the creation of an international economy following the European imperial race?

Most trade was centered in Asia and Africa instead of Europe and North America

Leader of the [x], Hendrik Witbooi, wrote a letter to Maherero, chief of the [y], warning him about his impending German alliance.

Nama, Herero

What two particularly wealthy states did the British take over?

Nigeria and the Gold Coast

Which of the following was not a motivation for national imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Population shortages due to epidemics could only be solved by imperialistic absorption of another people.

Who was the prime minister of the Cape Colony from 1890-96?

Rhodes

Who helped establish the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and eventually became the first Anglican African bishop?

Samuel Aiavi Crowther

Behind the idea of the West's civilizing mission was a belief in racial superiority, rooted in the ideas of

Social Darwinism

In the 1880s, the Germans declared a protectorate over ___________ as part of their 'Scramble for Africa'.

South West Africa

Which of the following was not a consequence of the 'mineral revolution'?

The Xhosa, Zulu, and the Pedi colonized the land to the west of the river Kei

What was the primary reason for the Anglo-Boer war?

The outcome would determine whether the Boers or the British would rule South Africa

Which of the following is not an effect of missionary activities in Africa?

The practice of traditional African religions was protected and preserved.

Why did Europeans missionaries not travel to the interior of Africa?

They did not travel to the interior because of the difficult geography and unfamiliar tropical diseases.

All were advantages of European nations in their bid to create colonial empires in Africa EXCEPT

They had a better understanding of the African terrain.

Why was the discovery of gold in Johannesburg especially important to the Transvaal?

They were able to tax the mining industry, which allowed the government to get out of bankruptcy

During much of the 19th century European missionaries were confined to the African coast.

True

During the 1870s, the British-dominated federation of white-controlled states in southern Africa systematically planned and executed to destruction of independent African kingdoms in the region, in particular the Zulu, the Xhosa, and the Pedi.

True

European missionaries saw Christianity as part and parcel of their own European cultural values, much like European clothing which they also required African converts to adopt.

True

Few Christian missionaries were directly active agents of European imperialism.

True

In sub-Saharan Africa, the diversity of kingdoms and societies made a unified political opposition to nineteenth- and early twentieth century incursions impossible.

True

Missionaries appealed to their home Europeans and North American governments for political and/or military protection.

True

Missionaries supported European private business ventures in southern Africa.

True

Racism grew out of slavery, specifically the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

True

The "Mazrui rebellion" started as a succession dispute within the Mazrui clan in which a local IBEA official had intervened against the wishes of the Muslim majority but it gradually developed into a nine month long coastal Swahili rebellion against British overrule.

True

The British declaration of the Shire highlands as a 'protectorate' due to pressure from British missionaries and trading interests in the region is an example of the colonial apparatus working together to establish colonial rule in Malawi.

True

Tippu Tip's Swahili/Arab federation controlled about a third of the Congo state King Leopold laid claim to at the Berlin Conference while Msiri's Yeke kingdom ruled the south-east region of Katanga.

True

In 1910, the former Boer republics and British colonies were joined into a single ________________________.

Union of South Africa

In the northern territory of Mozambique, wars of colonial resistance were led by the [x], [y], and [z] - many of them well armed through years of trading with coastal merchants in ivory and slaves.

Yao, Makonde, Makua

What allowed the Portuguese to finally establish their authority in the colony of Angola?

a & b only

Cecil Rhodes was

a British businessman who amassed an enormous fortune by ruthlessly extracting and monopolizing the resources of southern Africa

British missionaries played an active part in

advancing British imperial control and private business interests

By 1800, the Dutch Afrikaners in South Africa had established

all of the above

From the standpoint of most African rulers, Christianity was a threat to

the religious basis of their political authority

Why did European explorers initially go to Africa in the latter part of the 18th century and early 19th century? (Select all that apply)

desire for fame, scientific inquiry, the "will to know", adventure seeking

European leaders felt that ruling a global empire, which involved the acquisition of African territories, increased a nation's __________.

prestige

In a(n) __________, African rulers accepted a European alliance or treaty of 'protection' in the belief that it would protect them from traditional African rivals.

protectorate

Which of the following factors led Europeans and North Americans to believe that they had both the right and the responsibility to take charge of other peoples of the world? (Select all that apply)

social darwinism, the perceived link between western Christianity and civilization, a firm belief in the moral superiority of their race, the advanced technologies especially military of the europeans and north americans

Which of the following ensured the suppression of the Ngoni military superiority in south-central Africa?

the British ruthless use of Maxim-guns

The British government formally took over the administration of the region of modern Uganda from what Company in 1894?

the Imperial British East Africa Company