CPT Test Review 2
Which of the following assessments should not be used with beginners? a) 1.5 mile test b) Step test c) Astrand-rhyming test d) Rockport 1 mile test
a) 1.5 mile test The 1.5-mile test is contraindicated for unconditioned beginners, individuals with symptoms of heart disease, and those with known heart disease or risk factors for heart disease. Clients should be able to jog for 15 minutes continuously to complete this test and obtain a reasonable prediction of their aerobic capacity.
You client is a 57-year-old male with a history of low back issues. His blood pressure is under control with antihypertensive medication, and he walks daily for 30 minutes. Based on this data he has________ risk factors. a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4
a) 2
How many sets per exercise should a client perform for advanced resistance training benefits? a) 3 to 6 b) 6 to 8 c) 1 to 2 d) 2 to 3
a) 3 to 6
1 MET is equivalent to an oxygen uptake of: a) 3.5 mL·kg-1·min b) 8.5 mL·kg-1·min c) 1.5 mL·kg-1·min d) 7.5 mL·kg-1·min
a) 3.5 mL·kg-1·min
The minimum number of minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity needed five days each week is: a) 30 minutes b) 45 minutes c) 60 minutes d) 20 minutes
a) 30 minutes
A 29-year-old male has a bench press weight ratio of 1.48. What rep range would you start him with? a) 8 to 12 b) 4 to 6 c) 10 to 15 d) 15 to 20
a) 8 to 12 A score of 1.48 is excellent; therefore, the rep range should be 8 to 12.
A 33-year-old male who comes to you with previous weight training experience would benefit from how many reps per exercise? a) 8 to 12 b) 1 to 3 c) 15 to 20 d) 4 to 6
a) 8 to 12 For healthy adults, 1 to 2 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions is recommended for beginners.
Your client is a self-motivated teenager who focuses on achieving her goals; however, she does not like sports or exercise and has come to you for help losing weight. The best way to motivate her in order to build self-efficacy would be to: a) Allow her to choose her own activities in order to give her ownership of something she previously "did not like." b) Encourage her to weight train with you 3 times a week to her favorite music so she is self-motivated. c) Challenge her by encouraging her to sign up for girls track so she is motivated to exercise with her peers. d) Write out specific activities for her to do on a daily basis, but keep the duration short so she has time to adapt.
a) Allow her to choose her own activities in order to give her ownership of something she previously "did not like."
When using variable-resistance devices, what are the three types of strength curves? a) Ascending, descending, and bell-shaped b) Primary, secondary, and stabilizer c) Strength, endurance, and power d) Lever 1, level 2, and lever 3
a) Ascending, descending, and bell-shaped
Prior to spotting a client for a strength exercise, you must first: a) Ask for permission. b) Position your body to take over the exercise. c) Place your hands proximal to the wrists. d) Place your hands under the client's elbow joint.
a) Ask for permission.
Consider the following program: Peform a total of six exercises. Select one exercise from each of the following areas: hips and legs, chest, back, shoulders, low back, and abdominals, 1-2 sets, 8-12 reps, 2 to 3 times per week. For which client is such a program best suited? a) Beginner b) Athlete c) Intermediate d) Advanced
a) Beginner
Which type of resistance training program would be best for a client with diabetes? a) Circuit training at a low intensity b) Strength training at 6 to 8 reps c) Plyometric training d) Olympic lifting
a) Circuit training at a low intensity
When exercising, which statement is most true about breathing? a) Clients should never hold their breath during any contraction. b) Clients should inhale during the contraction phase of the exercise. c) Clients should breath out during the eccentric phase of the exercise. d) Clients should hold their breath during the entire movement and exhale at the very end.
a) Clients should never hold their breath during any contraction.
Returning a tennis serve well is due to a high level of: a) Coordination b) Reaction time c) Balance d) Power
a) Coordination Coordination refers to the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately (e.g., returning a serve in racquet sports)
Which statement would be best when describing why an older adult client needs a balance exercise? a) Dynamic balance is essential to decrease your risk for falling. It is really simple; just walk on the floor as if you are on a tight rope. b) Balance exercises improve diabetes and can help increase the power in your legs. c) If you do not balance, you will not be able to take care of yourself as you get older. d) Balance is important to build strength in the lower legs and increase your leg stamina
a) Dynamic balance is essential to decrease your risk for falling. It is really simple; just walk on the floor as if you are on a tight rope.
Obese clients benefit most from which of the following? a) Exercise and dietary restrictions b) Flexibility and cardiovascular exercise c) Balance and flexibility d) Cardiovascular training
a) Exercise and dietary restrictions Most evidence indicates that exercise alone (without dietary restriction) is fairly ineffective for weight loss in obese clients.
To ensure agreement between you and the client with respect to motivation and goals, you should: a) Explore the client's expectations and prior experience. b) Determine the client's present level of physical fitness. c) Establish a basic program for the client to start a regimen. d) Allow the client to plan the initial training activities.
a) Explore the client's expectations and prior experience.
Which muscles act as agonists muscles during a lateral cable leg lift? a) Gluteus medius and minimus b) Adductor brevis c) Sartorius d) Peroneals
a) Gluteus medius and minimus
What is the best way to teach a squat to a client who you have identified as a kinesthetic learner? a) Have the client perform the squat as you cue them. b) Show the client pictures of proper squat technique. c) Demonstrate the squat with verbal cues. d) Have the client watch you squat.
a) Have the client perform the squat as you cue them. Communication is more than just verbal; it also includes nonverbal elements such as visual (what is observed) and kinesthetic (what is felt).
During a back-loaded squat, what position should the head be in? a) Keep the head forward with the chin level b) Tuck the chin with the eyes looking down c) Pull the head back and slightly tuck the chin. d) Look up about 2 feet
a) Keep the head forward with the chin level
When demonstrating a push-up for a client, which of the following cues should you use? a) Keep your head in line with your hips during the entire movement. b) Be sure to keep a hyperlordosis in your lumbar spine. c) Make sure you have thoracic kyphosis during the end range. d) Make sure your fingers are at 15° angles.
a) Keep your head in line with your hips during the entire movement.
Which law of motion states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion stays in motion? a) Law of inertia b) Law of reaction c) Law of gravity d) Law of acceleration
a) Law of inertia
Which of the following includes all components of a well-stated exercise goal? a) Lose 1 to 2 pounds per week over the next ten weeks, through a program of diet, aerobic exercise, and strength training. b) Lose 15 pounds in 8 weeks through a program of low-intensity aerobic activity. c) Increase range of motion in the lower back by performing 40 to 60 abdominal crunches daily for 6 weeks. d) Increase bicep measurement from 12 to 15 inches in six months through a strength training program of one set of 15 repetitions performed two times per week.
a) Lose 1 to 2 pounds per week over the next ten weeks, through a program of diet, aerobic exercise, and strength training.
Tai chi is considered which type of exercise? a) Neuromotor b) Strength c) Power d) Flexibility
a) Neuromotor
During the supine rotational stretch, it is important to have the abdomen ________. a) Oriented toward the ceiling. b) Facing the knees. c) Facing the floor. d) Facing the hand.
a) Oriented toward the ceiling.
Which activity would be contraindicated for someone with cardiovascular disease? a) Racquet sports b) Aqua aerobics c) Leisure cycling d) Slow dancing
a) Racquet sports
Optimal client goals should be ________. a) S.M.A.L.L. b) 6 months c) T.A.L.L. d) 3 months
a) S.M.A.L.L.
During a treadmill workout at 2.5 mph, your 45-year-old male client who exercises on a regular basis, starts to have abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing. You should: a) Stop the exercise session, and refer him to his physician. b) Reduce the speed to 1 mph, and have him continue walking. c) Check his pulse and blood pressure, and resume the workout if they are normal. d) Continue to increase the speed as this is a normal response to exercise.
a) Stop the exercise session, and refer him to his physician. Dyspnea is normal at higher levels of exercise; however, it should be regarded as abnormal when it occurs at a level of exertion that is not expected to evoke this symptom in a given individual.
Which type of stretch would be best for opening up the external rotators of the hips? a) Supine hip rotator stretch b) Supine rotation stretch c) Supine knee to chest stretch d) Side lying quad stretch
a) Supine hip rotator stretch During the supine hip rotator stretch, focus on opening up the right knee until tension develops in the outer portion of the right thigh.
When performing a stability ball crunch, which of the following movements indicates poor form? a) The ball moves back and forth. b) The tongue is on the roof of the mouth. c) The ball stays stationary. d) The sacrum is touching the ball.
a) The ball moves back and forth. During a stability ball crunch, the ball should stay stationary so the hip flexors are not doing all the work and requiring a stronger core component
Which of the following is a SMART goal? a) Walk the dog twice a day, for at least 15 minutes, for two weeks. b) Lose 10 pounds within the next few months. c) Buy new workout shoes for regular participation in group fitness classes. d) Increase strength through weightlifting twice a week.
a) Walk the dog twice a day, for at least 15 minutes, for two weeks.
Once the primary goal of a resistance program has been established, the next step is to determine: a) the specific joints, ROM, and types of muscle actions required. b) the amount of muscle hypertrophy. c) the amount of neurological adaptations required. d) the amount of overload, type of plyometrics, and limb velocities.
a) the specific joints, ROM, and types of muscle actions required.
Your client, who is a novice exerciser, wants to begin resistance training in preparation for a one-month backpacking trip he will be taking thorough the Rocky Mountains. Which of the following training sets and reps would be appropriate for the first few weeks of training? a) 2 to 4 sets of 4 to 6 reps b) 1 to 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps c) 3 to 5 sets of 4 to 6 d) 3 to 5 sets of 15 to 20 reps
b) 1 to 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps For this individual, 1 to 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions is most appropriate. It will provide an appropriate amount of volume and overload.
Which sets, repetitions, and load would result in the GREATEST total training volume? a) 3 sets x 4 reps with 160 lbs b) 2 sets x 12 reps with 90 lbs c) 1 set x 12 reps with 150 lbs d) 2 sets x 8 reps with 110 lbs
b) 2 sets x 12 reps with 90 lbs The number of sets performed for each exercise is one variable in what is referred to as the volume of exercise equation. 2 x 12 x 90 lbs results in the highest volume of 2160.
If an activity requires a functional capacity of 6 METs, what is the total oxygen consumption of someone performing that activity? a) 6 mL·kg-1·min b) 21 mL·kg-1·min c) 10.5 mL·kg-1·min d) 0.6 mL·kg-1·min
b) 21 mL·kg-1·min One MET is the rate of energy expenditure while sitting at rest which is 3.5mL·kg-1·min
An advanced client is training with the goal of increasing strength. He has been performing 3 sets, using a 8 to 12 repetition maximum for the past 8 weeks. Which modification will result in the GREATEST strength gains? a) 1 to 2 sets, 8 to 12 reps maximum, weekly b) 3 to 5 sets, 5 to 6 reps maximum, for 6 to 12 weeks c) 3 sets, 15 to 20 reps maximum, utilizing negative and assisted work d) 2 to 4 sets, 1 to 3 reps maximum, for 2 weeks
b) 3 to 5 sets, 5 to 6 reps maximum, for 6 to 12 weeks Since the current program has been focusing primarily on muscular endurance, an increase that would be considered progressive and enhance strength would be 5 to 6 reps maximum.
When performing a dumbbell press on a stability ball that is load rated to safely support the weight and the client's body weight, the resistance should be ________ relative to performing the exercise on a flat bench. a) No weight should be used b) Decreased c) Be unchanged d) Increased
b) Decreased A client should use a lighter resistance on a stability ball given the unstable surface and balance challenges of a stability ball.
Your 38-year-old female client wants to lose weight, but is a concerned that resistance training will make her "bulk-up." You should: a) Design a program based on aerobic exercise with a light (40% 1 RM) circuit with high reps (15-25) per set. b) Explain how resistance training can gain lean body mass and raise resting metabolism. c) Show empathy and assure her that you will design a program that will help her to get toned without bulking up. d) Assure her that women do not produce enough testosterone to bulk-up.
b) Explain how resistance training can gain lean body mass and raise resting metabolism. Educate the client about the meaning of "toning up" and the importance of increasing lean body mass, while also promoting cardiorespiratory exercise as a way to burn large numbers of calories and reduce excessive body fat.
To provide a safe environment during balance training, you should: a) Start on a stable surface. b) Have spotters close by. c) Use a stability ball next to the wall. d) Start on a slightly unstable surface.
b) Have spotters close by.
Bilateral ankle edema is a characteristic sign of: a) A slight ankle sprain in both ankles. b) Heart failure or bilateral chronic venous insufficiency. c) Improper footwear during exercise. d) Venous thrombosis or lymphatic blockage in the limb.
b) Heart failure or bilateral chronic venous insufficiency.
Children are more prone to ________ injuries than adults. a) Cold b) Heat c) Tendon d) Ankle
b) Heat
One of the major benefits of exercise for diabetic clients is: a) Improved blood glucose sensitivity and increased insulin requirements. b) Improved insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control and decreased insulin requirements. c) Reduced insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control and increased insulin requirements. d) Decreased surface area of receptor sites and improved blood glucose.
b) Improved insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control and decreased insulin requirements.
Which of the following results from regular resistance training? a) Increase in respiratory capacity b) Increase in bone density c) Improved cardiac output efficiency d) Increased aerobic enzymes
b) Increase in bone density
Which of the following is an example of the type of questions that must be asked continuously in regards to client goal development? a) Are you experienced in helping clients reach goals of this type? b) Is it vital to the program's success to achieve the particular training goal? c) Is the goal determined by the client? d) Is the goal something the trainer believes is achievable for the client?
b) Is it vital to the program's success to achieve the particular training goal? There are many types of clinical decisions that must be made when monitoring the progress of resistance training programs. Difficult questions must be continually asked in the goal development phase of each training cycle for any program, such as, "Is the attainment of a particular training goal vital to the program's success?"
Individuals with arthritis should ideally stretch when: a) They have the greatest range of hip motion. b) Joint pain is minimal. c) They are not taking any anti-inflammatory medications. d) They are able to complete their regular physical activity first.
b) Joint pain is minimal.
When stepping up and down on a device for cardiovascular training, you should: a) Use the arm rests as much as possible. b) Keep your body upright and push through the heels. c) Look down at your feet the entire time. d) Lean forward, and try to stay on the balls of the feet.
b) Keep your body upright and push through the heels.
Which muscles function to elevate the shoulder girdle? a) Teres major and latissimus dorsi b) Levator scapulae and upper trapezius c) Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior d) Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor
b) Levator scapulae and upper trapezius Shoulder elevation is the action performed during a shoulder shrug. Thus, the levator scapulae, upper trapezius, and the rhomboids are prime movers .
During the kneeling hip flexor stretch, where should the upper body be? a) Leaning away from the front knee b) Lifted tall c) In a back bend d) Draped over the knee
b) Lifted tall
What exercise frequency is best for an apparently healthy senior adult? a) Moderate-intensity exercise, performed 2 or more days per week b) Moderate-intensity exercise, performed 5 or more days per week c) Vigorous-intensity exercise, performed 5 or more days per week. d) Very low-intensity exercise, performed 6 or more days per week.
b) Moderate-intensity exercise, performed 5 or more days per week For an apparantly healthy senior adult, moderate-intensity exercise should be performed 5 or more days per week. vigorous-intensity activity on 3 or more days per week, or a combination of moderate and vigorous exercise 3 to 5 days per week, would also be appropriate.
When spotting the elbow extension exercise, where is the best place to spot? a) Assist by pressing the bar with the client. b) Place your hands on the client's elbows c) Place your hands on the client's shoulders d) Hold the client's torso upright.
b) Place your hands on the client's elbows
Which type of training takes advantage of the stretch-shortening cycle of the muscle? a) Breakdown sets b) Plyometric training c) Olympic lifts d) Forced repetitions
b) Plyometric training
If a client is overtraining, which of the following could happen during a vertical jump that will most likely lead to injury? a) Poor arm extension b) Poor landing c) Poor lift off d) Poor core flexion
b) Poor landing
An example of variety in training is: a) Specific adaptations to imposed demands. b) Prioritized training. c) Progressive overload. d) Periodized training.
b) Prioritized training. No one program should be used without changing the exercise stimulus over time. Periodized training is an example of increasing variety in training.
During an exercise session on the recumbent bicycle, your client has a squeezing and burning sensation down both arms. Your client passed the PAR-Q test, so you should? a) Use a treadmill instead. b) Stop the exercise, and refer the client to a physician. c) Switch your client to a stair climber. d) Take the client's pulse and blood pressure.
b) Stop the exercise, and refer the client to a physician.
Which stretch increases range of motion in the low-back? a) Side lying quad stretch b) Supine knee to chest stretch c) Kneeling hip flexor stretch d) Supine hip rotator stretch
b) Supine knee to chest stretch
With respect to resistance training, the first issue that the client should be asked about is: a) The amount of experiencethe client has using open-chain exercises. b) The main goal of the client's exercise program. c) The type of resistance training program that the client prefers. d) The amount of experience the client has using free weights
b) The main goal of the client's exercise program.
Your client would like to start playing tennis on the weekend. She has a BMI of 32, she is age 36, and she has led a very sedentary lifestyle. Which cardiovascular training program should she begin with? a) Light tennis workouts on Saturday and walking for 30 to 45 minutes on Sunday b) 30 to 45 minutes of walking and jogging intervals, 2 to 3 times per week, at 60% to 70% of HRR c) 30 minutes of walking per day, 5 days a week, at 40% to 59% of HRR d) 15 to 20 minutes of walking, 3 times per week, and 10 to 15 minutes of sprint intervals, one day a week
c) 30 minutes of walking per day, 5 days a week, at 40% to 59% of HRR
In order for the body to adapt to exercise efficiently, how much rest time should someone allow in between resistance training programs with any given muscle groups? a) 24 hours b) 72 hours c) 48 hours d) 12 hours
c) 48 hours
A 33-year-old female has a bench press weight ratio of .63. What rep range would you start her with? a) 10 to 15 b) 15 to 20 c) 8 to 12 d) 4 to 6
c) 8 to 12 A score of .63 is good; therefore, the rep range should be 8 to 12.
A general training principle for cardiorespiratory endurance is that it requires: a) Activities that would require 2000 to 2500 MET minutes per week. b) Activities that have an even work-to-rest ratio of approximately 4:1. c) Activities that involve major muscle groups and is continuous and rhythmic in nature. d) Light-intensity exercises that are appropriate for conditioning in most adults.
c) Activities that involve major muscle groups and is continuous and rhythmic in nature.
Measuring a client's exercise intensity using the Karvonen formula would be best for which client? a) Hypertensive client b) Obese male c) Athlete d) Pregnant woman
c) Athlete
An improper cool-down may cause which of the following? a) Increased oxygen consumption b) Increased hypertension c) Blood pooling in the legs d) Blood pooling in the heart
c) Blood pooling in the legs
Which exercise would be best suited for an advanced athlete? a) Static lunge b) Supine leg press c) Clean and jerk d) Bosu ball squat
c) Clean and jerk
To minimize any type of detraining effects, strength training should primarily consist of: a) Eccentric training. b) Isometric training. c) Concentric training. d) Isokinetic training
c) Concentric training.
Regular cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is ________ for most adults. a) Highly recommended b) Beneficial c) Considered essential d) Appropriately safe
c) Considered essential According to the most recent ACSM Position Stand, regular cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is considered "essential for most adults."
When exercising in the heat, which material works best to keep the body cool? a) Cotton b) Nylon c) CoolMax d) Polyester
c) CoolMax
What is MOST critical for a client as it relates to safety and effectiveness during a training session? a) Nueromotor Training b) Spotting c) Cueing d) Client Education
c) Cueing
Your client states she stretches daily but has just started to experience low back tightness the last few days. You should: a) Make her use a weightlifting belt during strength training b) Reassess her medical history for signs indicative of cardiac disease c) Document her comment in the client's records, and monitor feedback, signs, and symptoms. d) Recommend that she seek medical attention as soon as possible.
c) Document her comment in the client's records, and monitor feedback, signs, and symptoms.
Types of equipment used for dynamic constant external resistance include: a) Cable crossover machines b) Unstable platform devices c) Dumbbells and kettlebells d) Machines with cams
c) Dumbbells and kettlebells The types of devices used for dynamic constant external resistance include dumbbells, barbells, kettle bells, weight machines, and medicine balls. These are generally devices that do not use pulleys or levers.
Which of the following exercises is LEAST likely to cause injury during pregnancy? a) Resistance training on a flat bench b) PNF stretching c) Holding a light stretch for approximately 15 seconds d) Low intensity plyometrics
c) Holding a light stretch for approximately 15 seconds
What are the four phases of traditional linear periodization? a) Strength/power phase, hypertrophy phase, recovery phase, and peak phase b) Hypertrophy phase, recovery phase, strength/power phase, and peak phase c) Hypertrophy phase, strength/power phase, peak phase, and recovery phase d) Strength/power phase, hypertrophy phase, peak phase, and recovery phase
c) Hypertrophy phase, strength/power phase, peak phase, and recovery phase
Which of the following types of resistance training allows an individual to exert maximal resistance throughout an entire range of motion by controlling the movement speed? a) Concentric b) Isotonic c) Isokinetic d) Eccentric
c) Isokinetic Isokinetic devices allow one to maintain a maximum resistance throughout the whole ROM by controlling the speed of the movement.
You have a 4'8" female client who is obese and would like to build lower body strength. Which exercise variation is best suited for her? a) Leg curl machine b) Hip extension machine c) Kettle bell squat d) Leg extension machine
c) Kettle bell squat Clients who are obese, who have special physical considerations or disabilities, and who are shorter, taller, or wider than the norm should consider exercise varations other than machines when appropriate.
The adage "use it or lose it" basically states that physiological gains from training: a) Will gradually decrease 1% per year with respect to strength gains. b) Will gradually decrease 1% per year with respect to aerobic capcity. c) Must be maintained through regular training. d) Are typically permanent in nature.
c) Must be maintained through regular training.
To manipulate the intensity and increase the challenge of balance-related training, you should: a) Widen the base of support b) Shift the line of gravity through rotary motion c) Narrow the base of support d) Shift the line of gravity outside the base of support
c) Narrow the base of support
Which type of routine would be best for a client with low back pain? a) Flexion and rotation exercises of the trunk to increase strength. b) Stretching all the lower trunk and lower leg muscles. c) Restorative exercise designed to improve the structural integrity of the lower trunk d) Light rowing machine work to strengthen the low back.
c) Restorative exercise designed to improve the structural integrity of the lower trunk
What is the proper exercise sequence for these advanced exercises? a) Lunge, squat, tricep extension, bench press, bicep curl, abdominal crunch b) Abdominal crunch, tricep extension, bench press, lunge, bicep curl, squat c) Squat, lunge, bench press, tricep extension, bicep curl, abdominal crunch d) Tricep Extension, bicep curl, bench press, squat, lunge, abdominal crunch
c) Squat, lunge, bench press, tricep extension, bicep curl, abdominal crunch Large muscle groups should be worked before small muscle groups.
You client is a cardiac patient and has been cleared by her physician to exercise. During a 5-minute warm-up on the treadmill, she tells you that she feels out of breath. You should: a) Slow down the treadmill grade b) Slow down the treadmill speed. c) Stop the exercise and monitor for additional signs or symptoms. d) Have her complete her warm-up on the stationary cycle.
c) Stop the exercise and monitor for additional signs or symptoms.
You notice a member of your fitness facility on the elliptical trainer who is shaking her left arm and rubbing her chest. She states that she is okay and tells you her chest is feeling tight. You should: a) Suggest that she switch to a nonweight-bearing mode such as cycling. b) Explain and demonstrate how she can later stretch her chest after her cool-down. c) Stop the exercise, have her immediately cool down by walking around, and monitor for additional signs or symptoms. d) Let her know that you were concerned, and encourage her to keep exercising.
c) Stop the exercise, have her immediately cool down by walking around, and monitor for additional signs or symptoms. The onset of new signs and symptoms, aggravation of existing medical conditions, or occurrences of injury may warrant stopping or modifying exercise training until after further consultation with the physician.
A client who has suffered from whiplash and has been cleared for exercise would most likely benefit from which training routine? a) Stretching the pec major, spinalis muscles, and upper trapezius, and strengthening the middle deltoids, middle trapezius, and shoulder adductors b) Stretching the teres minor, erector spinae, and levator scapulae, and strengthening the lats, middle trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid c) Stretching the levator scapulae and sternocleidomastoids, strengthening the rhomboids, neck extensors, upper trapezius, and middle trapezius d) Stretching the pec minor and middle trapezius and strengthening the deltoids, lower trapezius, and pec major
c) Stretching the levator scapulae and sternocleidomastoids, strengthening the rhomboids, neck extensors, upper trapezius, and middle trapezius
Why are great volumes of sweat produced in hot, humid climates? a) Sweat evaporates. b) Sweat glands close. c) Sweat becomes ineffective. d) Sweat is too salty.
c) Sweat becomes ineffective. Dehydration risk is high in extremely hot and humid environments because it is difficult to evaporate sweat into an environment that is already hot and humid. Sweat becomes ineffective as a way of dissipating heat, causing a greater volume of sweat to be produced in the body's attempt to control body temperature.
You are performing a submaximal treadmill test for your client where you are gradually increasing the speed and grade. You observe a normal response to heart rate and blood pressure during the first several stages. During the next increase in speed and grade, you observe that SBP drops about 12 mm Hg. You should: a) Return to the previous speed and grade. b) Return to the previous speed only. c) Terminate the assessment. d) Return back to the previous grade only.
c) Terminate the assessment.
Which of the following is a component of a well-stated goal that will help ensure program satisfaction? a) Precise b) Competitive c) Time-oriented d) Flexible
c) Time-oriented
________ is performed by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth and pinching one's nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon. a) Vasovagal syncope b) Ischemia c) Valsalva maneuver d) Dyspnea
c) Valsalva maneuver
Which of the following alters the resistance throughout an exercise's ROM in an attempt to match increases and decreases in the strength curve of a muscle? a) Cable crossover machine b) Elastic resistance bands c) Variable resistance equipment d) Eccentric training
c) Variable resistance equipment Variable resistance equipment operates through a lever arm, cam, or pulley arrangement. Its purpose is to alter the resistance throughout the exercise's ROM in an attempt to match the increases and decreases in strength (i.e., strength curve).
When a client takes the PAR-Q test, they should be referred to their doctor if they answer: a) Yes to three or more questions. b) No to any questions. c) Yes to one or more questions. d) Yes to two or more questions.
c) Yes to one or more questions.
What is the maximum number of consecutive rest days in between exercise sessions for diabetic clients? a) 3 b) 1 c) 4 d) 2
d) 2
For a Type I diabetic, which of the following blood glucose levels is an indication to ingest a carbohydrate snack? a) 110 mg· dL-1 b) 155 mg· dL-1 c) 215 mg· dL-1 d) 88 mg· dL-1
d) 88 mg· dL-1 Ideally blood glucose needs to be between 100 and 250 mg· dL-1. If it is below these levels, the client should eat a carbohydrate-rich snack to elevate blood glucose accordingly before training begins.
What personal barrier is the MOST cited as a barrier for exercise? a) Culturally inappropriate activities b) Lack of social support c) Limited access to the exercise facility d) A lack of time
d) A lack of time
Which type of activity would benefit from having ballistic stretching in the warm-up? a) Swimming b) Running c) Cycling d) Basketball
d) Basketball
What would be a good way to describe how to improve posture in a 39-year-old female who works in an office all day? a) It is important to have your computer monitor at least 10 inches from your eyes to improve posture. b) When you are at work, take a 10-minute break every 3 hours, and walk briskly outside. c) When you have a lunch break, stretch your rhomboids two times. d) Every two hours at work, sit on the edge of the chair, and maintain a perfectly neutral spine for 60 seconds.
d) Every two hours at work, sit on the edge of the chair, and maintain a perfectly neutral spine for 60 seconds.
Which of the following advanced resistance training techniques should be used only 1 to 2 times per year for 4 to 6 week training cycles? a) Plyometrics b) Supersets c) Breakdown sets d) Forced negatives
d) Forced negatives Repetitions during traditional sets can be enhanced with force applied to the ECC phase via the Personal Trainer (forced negatives). Heavy ECC training should be used with caution (4- to 6-week training cycles, 1 or 2 times per year) to reduce muscle damage and the risk of overtraining or injury.
You are working with a client who wants to train for a specific athletic competition. Before progressing this client to advanced training, you should ensure that the client: a) Regularly participates in resistance training for a least 3 consecutive years. b) Demonstrates good postural stability and proper movement patterns. c) Successfully completed stability and mobility training of major joints. d) Has had consistent progressive training for a least one year.
d) Has had consistent progressive training for a least one year. One may designate an advanced client as one who has had at least 1 year of consistent progressive training and has experienced a substantial level of adaptation.
Which exercise gives an example of dynamic constant exercise resistance? a) Cable upright row b) Knee flexion c) Leg extension d) Kettle bell swing
d) Kettle bell swing The types of devices used for dynamic constant external resistance include dumbbells, barbells, kettle bells, weight machines, and medicine balls.
Which principle can help reduce the risk of overtraining? a) S.A.I.D b) Progressive overload c) Specificity d) Periodization
d) Periodization
Before you provide a spot to a novice client for a given strength exercise, you should first: a) Ask how many sets the client plans on completing. b) Be strong enough to hand off the resistance to the client. c) Provide instruction on what muscles will be strengthened. d) Provide a detailed verbal and visual representation of the exercise.
d) Provide a detailed verbal and visual representation of the exercise. Instruct via "tell, show, and do." The client should be comfortable with the movement before attempts are made that require spotting.
Which of the following assessments assesses muscular endurance? a) Sit-and-reach b) Rockport One-Mile Fitness Walking Test c) One-repetition maximum d) Push-up test
d) Push-up test
40-year-old homemaker has come to you to lose weight and reduce back pain. You realize she uses her pain to get attention from her family. Which statement would best motivate her to begin a strengthening program? a) Strength training will make you feel young again, and you won't need the attention you are craving from your family. b) I will mix strength training and running together in your program to take your mind off your worries and stress. c) Low back pain is hard to correct; however, if you work hard you will overcome this issue, and you can focus on your family. d) Starting a strengthening program will reduce your back pain and improve your quality of life, enabling you to spend more positive time with your family.
d) Starting a strengthening program will reduce your back pain and improve your quality of life, enabling you to spend more positive time with your family.
Which sport will mostly cause a shoulder impingement due to overtraining? a) Soccer b) Golf c) Hockey d) Swimming
d) Swimming
Which of the following is considered a risk factor? a) Body mass index of 28 kg · m-2 b) Serum cholesterol of 195 mg · dL-1 c) HDL cholesterol of 66 mg · dL-1 d) Systolic blood pressure of 143 mm Hg
d) Systolic blood pressure of 143 mm Hg
