CPUSH World War 1 Test Review

Countries under U.S influence/control

Philippines, Guam, & Puerto Rico

14 points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars.

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms.

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy; wrote "The influence of Sea Power upon History"

Sarejevo, Bosnia

The location of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded extreme and unfair reparations from the Germans, such as them having full blame placed on them, losing Alsace & Loraine, not being able to hold a military, and having extreme debt to pay reparations

Russian Revolution

The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917(Later becoming the USSR). Most importantly, it was one of the primary reasons Russia had to withdraw from WW1

Treaty of Paris 1898

The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

Filipino-American War

The war between the United States and the Philippines, 1899-1902, in which the Filipinos, led by Emilio Aquinaldo, unsuccessfully attempted to gain independence from U.S. control and by which the US took the place of Spain and made the Philippines a US colony, based on the argument that the Filipinos were not prepared to govern themselves and would fall victim to another great power if the US did not protect them and train them to become democratic.

Espionage Act

This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.

"Overt Action"

Unrestricted submarine warfare led to many American citizens/civilians dying, along with several U.S civilian boats sinking

"World safe for democracy"

Woodrow Wilson's justification for declaring war on Germany and entering WWI.

Missionary Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's policy contingent on the belief that it was America's responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Anti-Imperialism

belief that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas and that the U.S. should just be a normal country and leave the other countries alone

Army Reorganization Bill of 1916

brought the states' militias more under federal control and gave the president authority, in case of war or national emergency, to mobilize the National Guard for the duration of the emergency

Jose Marti

led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War

New Technology of WWI

machine guns, tanks, planes, poision gas, gas masks, artillery, zeppelins, e.t.c

Sedition Act

made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government

"Great Migration"

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war

Impact of war on women

As men left their jobs by the tens of thousands for the war, women were eager to fill the shoes of their male counterparts. They worked just as if not better than the men who had previously worked there--this greatly helped the women's suffrage movement.

Powder Keg of Europe

Balkan Peninsula

Luisitania

British passanger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915; 1200 people died and 128 Americans died.

John J. Pershing

Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace

Status of Cuba after Spanish American War

Cuba was now an independent nation, but... -Cuba couldn't make treaties limiting its independence or U.S control over them -U.S could interfere with Cuban affairs -Cuba was to never go into debt -U.S army wouldn't withdraw

German U-boats

German submarines in WWI which were most effective during naval blockade against enemy shipping, primary targets were from Canada, British empire and the U.S to Great Britain

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Big Stick Diplomacy

Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino General - helped US take Philipines during Spanish-American war - helped Philippines gain freedom from US

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Russo-Japanese War

(1904-1905) The war between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious.

Anti-Germanism in the United States

(Besides Cincinnati) The U.S, when entering the war against Germany, citizens had some hatred towards German-Americans, for Germans were the ones killing Americans by the thousands. Many Germans were discriminated against and lots of prejudice was held against many German-Americans.

Outcome of WW1

-Treaty of Versailles -$338 billion spent -22 million dead (48,000 U.S k.i.a & 62,000 due to disease) -20 million wounded (200,000 U.S troops) -Awful conditions for Germany--main cause of WW||

5 P's of Expansion

1. Profit 2. Patriotism 3. Protection 4. Piety 5. Politics

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops killing many of the boxers.

Theodore Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize

1906, won because of his peace negotiations with japan and Russia

WW1 years

1914-1918

Jones Act

1916 - Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

Doughboys

A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Pancho Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Impact of war on African Americans

Along with women, hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved North (Great Migration), to take factory jobs and escape the harsh discrimination and racism found in the South.

The Big Four

The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.