CRIM CH 15 +16
It is estimated that bailout required by savings and loan scandal will cost taxpayers ______ by the year 2021
$500 billion
Which of the following is a critique of the combat analogy for the War on Drugs?
A. Lack of total mobilization and unlimited resources B. Lack of strategic leadership C. Lack of a clear-cut front
How is violence used in white-collar crime?
All of the choices are correct A. Physically (making unsafe products, polluting the environment) B. Economically (destroying jobs and products, raising prices) C. Indirectly
Proponents of legalization argue which of the following?
All of the choices are correct. A. Drug laws lead to corruption in law enforcement. B. Drug laws encourage juveniles to experiment with drugs.C. Drug laws promote racial injustice.
Businesses are most likely to be the victims of which types of white-collar crimes?
All of the choices are correct. A. Embezzlement B. Fraud C. Counterfeiting
Which of the following has been shown in research to influence levels of juvenile drug use?
All of the choices are correct. A. Parental attitudes toward childrearing C. Juvenile self-esteem D. Physical and sexual abuse
"Crimes of the powerful" refers to offenses that can be characterized as which of the following?
All of these are correct. A. Organized B. White-collar C. Enterprise
Insurance fraud in auto body repair is an example of which type of occupational crime?
Crimes committed for the benefit of an employing organization
Which best describes the structure of the Russian Mafia?
Flexible and opportunistic
Dependence on cocaine and/or heroin can lead to which of the following?
Specialization in violent, predatory crimes
Which of the following is a critique of the combat analogy for the War on Drugs?
It dehumanizes drug offenders.
Which of the following is true of public concern about drug abuse in recent decades?
It has decreased.
________ areas are environments that meet the ideal conditions to produce meth.
Rural
What is the form of punishment in which offenders are confronted with the seriousness of their conduct?
Shaming
Organized crime is most likely to enter a market in which businesses are which of the following?
Small and weak
Which of the following do white-collar criminals and organized crime groups have in common?
They seek wealth and power, regardless of the cost to society.
Illicit drugs are implicated in what fraction of total incarcerations?
Three-quarters
Which type of crime are addicted women least likely to commit when they are abusing drugs?
Violent crimes
Who typically commits white-collar crimes?
Well-respected members of society
There appears to be a progression among serious drug users in which minor drug use leads to the use of _______, and then subsequently to more serious substances.
marijuana
White-collar criminals are _______ different from persistent street criminals.
not much
The definition of white-collar crime is split into two major categories:
occupational crime and corporate crime
Stealing to get money to buy more drugs is considered which of the following?
A drug-related offense
Which of the following best characterizes regulation of drugs before the late 19th century?
A free economy of drugs
What type of income do addicts typically have?
A mix of legal and illegal income
The theory that organized crime is informally structured, emphasizing function over bureaucracy, is part of the _______ model.
local, ethnic group
Which of the economic costs associated with illicit drug use is the highest?
. The overall societal cost of drug abuse
What caused the savings and loan scandal?
Deregulation
In the Mafia Code, which norm holds that orders are to be carried out and strictly obeyed?
Discipline
Which of the following is an intensive, community-based treatment and supervision program?
Drug court
Proponents of legalization of drugs argue which of the following?
Drug laws cause crime
A survey showed that men are less likely to advocate for incarceration on which two white-collar offenses?
Embezzlement and corporate crimes
Which theory or model assumes that addicts' lives are driven by their habit, causing them to commit crimes in order to buy drugs?
Enslavement theory of addiction
Which strategy for reducing the supply of drugs would utilize a public health model to limit the risks and consequences of drug abuse?
Harm reduction
What is the traditional law enforcement method of apprehending and prosecuting high-ranking Mafia family members?
Headhunting
In addition to using violence as a means to an end, both the Russian and Italian Mafias make use of which of the following?
High-tech equipment
The goal of most organized crime is to gain monopolistic control over which of the following?
Illegal markets
What percentage of participants are arrested and charged with a new crime after joining the Federal Witness Protection Program (WITSEC)?
Less than 20%
In the 2017 Monitoring the Future survey, what substance was reported with a 24% increase in use?
Marijuana
_____ is a strategy for reducing the supply of drugs that would give physicians the responsibility for treating drug abusers.
Medicalization
The conversion of monies obtained from illegal activities into the appearance of legitimate funds defines what type of crime?
Money laundering
Alcohol is implicated in what fraction of total incarcerations?
One-half
Which act granted the Attorney General the authority to provide witnesses protection for their testimony against alleged offenders who could retaliate against them?
Organized Crime Control Act
Research has shown that shaming has a greater impact on which of the following?
Professionals and public-sector employees
Research has shown that addicts who complete drug treatment programs:
are less involved in criminal activity.
The punishment of corporate disqualification:
blocks the offender for a limited time from conducting job duties similar to those that led to the initial offense.
White-collar criminals often receive punishments that are
less severe than that of street criminals.
The UCR data indicate that the percentage of drug-related homicides is:
declining.
The Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey studies drug use among:
high schoolers.
In the United States, illicit drug use:
is decreasing.
