Criminal Justice Revel Pearson Chapter 5

Which of the following agencies is most likely to be found in a state that uses a centralized model of state policing?

A state police agency The centralized model combines the tasks of major investigative operations with patrol of state highways into one state police agency.

In the _______ model of state police organization, officers are responsible for the patrol of state highways and for major criminal investigations.

centralized In the centralized model of state law enforcement, the tasks of major criminal investigations are combined with the patrol of state highways.

Currently, the main priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is

counterterrorism. After the attacks on September 11, 2001, the FBI reshaped its priorities to focus on preventing future terrorist attacks.

Why has the organization of American law enforcement been called the most complex in the world?

Because police agencies have been created at the federal, state, and local levels. Three major legislative and judicial jurisdictions exist in the United States—federal, state, and local—and each has created a variety of police agencies to enforce its laws. Unfortunately, there has been little uniformity among jurisdictions as to the naming, function, or authority of law enforcement agencies.

Ronnie is a county sheriff and Sam is the chief of a city police department. Which of the following is true of both Ronnie and Sam?

Both head up local law enforcement agencies. Both sheriff's departments and city agencies are included in the local rubric.

Which of the following is primarily true of city police chiefs, rather than sheriffs?

City police chiefs are typically appointed by the mayor or city council. City police chiefs are typically appointed by the mayor or selected by the city council. Sheriffs are typically elected public officials.

The _____________ assists law enforcement officers in identifying perpetrators involved in serious crimes such as murder, rape, and other sexual assaults.

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) CODIS is a computerized database of DNA "profiles" of offenders convicted of serious crimes, as well as DNA profiles from unknown offenders. The system can rapidly identify a perpetrator when it finds a match between an evidence sample and a stored profile.

Donna is a sheriff. How did she most likely obtain this position?

Donna was elected. Sheriffs are elected public officials.

Which of the following statements about early involvement of women in policing is true?

Early policewomen primarily worked with women and children, rather than providing the same types of police services as male officers. When police departments began to hire female officers in the early twentieth century, they mainly were used to provide police services to children and women, and to assist male officers in delicate situations, such as when female offenders needed to be physically restrained.

The U.S. Coast Guard is part of the Department of _________.

Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security includes the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the Transportation Security Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard, and other such federal law enforcement agencies.

Which of the following statements regarding private policing globally is true?

In most democratic countries, private police outnumber public police. According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, in most countries, certainly throughout the democratic world, private police outnumber public police.

Which of the following has contributed to the growth of the private security sector in the U.S.?

Increased workplace crime One of the major reasons for the quick growth of the private security sector is an increase in crimes in the workplace.

Which of the following statements regarding the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory Division is true?

It provides free laboratory services to law enforcement agencies throughout the U.S. The FBI Laboratory provides laboratory services, free of charge, to all law enforcement agencies in the U.S.

Which of the following statements regarding evidence-based policing is true?

It uses research on the outcomes of police work to guide police in future decision-making. Evidence-based policing involves the use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers, and to guide them in future decision-making.

Which large American city conducted the first major social research study of police practices?

Kansas City The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices was the year-long Kansas City experiment, which was sponsored by the Police Foundation and focused on preventive patrol. The results were published in 1974.

Which of the following officers is most likely to be assigned to either criminal investigation or highway patrol?

Lea is a member of the Pennsylvania State Police. The Pennsylvania State Police was the first modern centralized state police force. Centralized state agencies combine the tasks of major criminal investigations with the patrol of state highways. They are also responsible for assisting local law enforcement departments in criminal investigations, operating centralized identification bureaus, and providing select training for municipal and county officers.

The centralized model of state law enforcement organization was first used in which state?

Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Constabulary was the first modern force to use a centralized model of state-level police organization.

Which level of law enforcement operates on a for-profit basis?

Private Private security firms operate on a for-profit basis and provide services that traditionally have been regarded as law enforcement activities.

Which is the largest level of law enforcement in the United States today?

Private protective services Private security personnel outnumber public law enforcement officers in the U.S. nearly three to one.

Why is private security believed to have been largely responsible for the recent decade-long decline in reported crime?

Private security activities limit opportunity for potential criminals. While changes in crime rates are often attributed to effective policing, security contractors and anti-theft technology limit criminal opportunity. Private action is a way of controlling opportunity.

Paula is part of the FBI's "Flying Squad." Which of the following is most likely to be one of her responsibilities?

Providing specialized counterterrorism knowledge to FBI field offices "Flying Squads" provide specialized counterterrorism knowledge and experience, language capabilities, and analytic support as needed to FBI field offices and Legats.

Mariana is a criminology student and has been studying the Kansas City research. Based on the results of these studies, which of the following statements is Mariana most likely to support?

Rapid response to citizen reports of crime did not increase police ability to arrest suspects. The Kansas City study on police response time found that even consistently fast police response to citizen reports of crime had little effect on citizen satisfaction with the police or on the arrest of suspects. The study uncovered the fact that most reports made to the police came only after a considerable amount of time had passed.

What was the legacy of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)?

Research supported by LEAA funding established a tradition of scientific police management during the 1970s. The heyday of scientific police management, or program evaluation, occurred in the 1970s, when federal monies were far more readily available to support such program evaluation studies than they are today.

British police practices were codified in the ______, written in 1285.

Statute of Winchester British police practices became codified in the Statute of Winchester, written in 1285. The statute (1) specified the creation of the watch and the ward in cities and towns; (2) mandated the draft of eligible males to serve those forces; (3) institutionalized the use of the hue and cry, making citizens who disregarded a call for help subject to criminal penalties; and (4) required that citizens maintain weapons in their home for answering the call to arms.

Which of the following includes representatives from the Department of Defense, the Secret Service, and the Central Intelligence Agency?

The Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) The JTTF is an essential weapon in the FBI's fight against terrorism. A National JTTF, located at the FBI's Washington headquarters, includes representatives from multiple federal agencies.

Which of the following statements regarding the decentralized model of state police organization is true?

The decentralized model creates separate agencies for traffic enforcement and other law enforcement functions. The decentralized state model of police investigation draws a clear distinction between traffic enforcement on state highways and other state-level law enforcement functions, such as criminal investigations, by creating at least two separate agencies. States that use the decentralized model usually have a number of other adjunct state-level law enforcement agencies.

Which of the following statements regarding private protective services is true?

The decline in reported crime has been attributed to private security. Duke economics professor Philip Cook suggested that private security forces may have been largely responsible for the recent decline in reported crime, because private contractors and anti-theft technology limit criminal opportunity.

Which of the following is one of the common features of states that use the centralized model of state police organization?

The state police agency has exclusive responsibility for conducting major criminal investigations and patrolling state highways. In a centralized model of state law enforcement, the tasks of major criminal investigations are combined with the patrol of state highways.

Municipal departments, rural sheriff's departments, and specialized groups like campus police are all part of the ______ rubric.

local Local law enforcement agencies, including city and county agencies, represent a third level of police activity in the United States and are grouped under the "local" rubric.

In U.S. law enforcement today, the ______ is/are usually responsible for operating the county jail.

sheriff In U.S. law enforcement today, the sheriff is usually responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail. The sheriff is the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency.

In early Britain, the ____________ was the leader of the county and was responsible for leading a posse to apprehend an offender.

shire reeve In early Britain, the shire reeve was the leader of a county, who led an organized posse in a common effort to apprehend an offender.

In the late 1800s, Nathaniel traveled out to the American West. There were few law enforcement officials there, so when someone tried to steal Nathaniel's horse, he was forced to take the law into his own hands. Nathaniel was most likely a

vigilante. Citizen posses and vigilante groups were often the only law available to settlers on the western frontier. Although today vigilantism has a negative connotation, most of the original vigilantes of the American West were honest men and women trying to forge an organized and predictable lifestyle out of the challenging situations they encountered.