Criminal Justice, Test two

Chief Monroe is responsible for a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide activities of his staff, which are the hallmarks of running a:

Bureaucracy

A situation in which a police officer uses his or her authority to deprive people of their liberty or property, and that must not be "unreasonable" according to the Fourth Amendment.

a seizure

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:

reasonable suspicion

The increased use of volunteers for policing has largely been the result of:

Budget reductions

_______________________ are characterized by a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide the activities of staff.

Bureaucracies

In the case of U.S. v. Drayton (2002), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police officers:

Are not obligated to notify citizens they have a right to say "no" to a search

The idea that crime control does not rest solely with the police is in line with the concept of:

Community crime prevention

Two elements of police work that define the working personality

Danger and Authority

In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:

Detectives

Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:

Domestic violence

This type of policing involves examining social science studies on the nature of crime and social problems.

Evidence based

Federal agencies typically look for college graduates and often require special skills such as:

Foreign languages

Interpol was created in order to:

Foster cooperation among the world's police forces

Which of the following is a characteristic of the watchman style of policing?

Ignoring minor violations of the law

The FBI rose to prominence under the leadership of

J. Edgar Hoover

According to the Supreme Court, exigent circumstances might exist when:

Officers believe others might be in grave danger

Which of the following is not a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

Pass a firearm use test

Which of the following is a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

Pass a polygraph test

Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?

Patrol

Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:

Police brutality

Police subculture is comprised of four key elements, excluding

Religious practice

Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

Respond to citizens calls for service

Police officers who provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless are fulfilling which of the following police functions?

Service

Susan has completed the basic requirement to become an officer in her municipality. As she begins working within the department, she will learn the informal rule of the department from the other seasoned officers. This process is known as:

Socialization

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

Stop

A "pat down" is also known as:

Stop-and-frisk search

Jimmy was walking down the street late at night. A squad car pulled alongside him and ordered him to stop. The two officers then got out of the car and proceeded to frisk Jimmy. The police have just subjected Jimmy to what is called a:

Stop-and-frisk search

What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the commission of their duties?

Sworn officers

Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:

The Civilian Review Board

To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response, which allows:

The appropriate response

According to critics of the use of volunteers in policing, which of the following is NOT a reason to discontinue their use?

The cost of running such programs

A flexible test established by the Supreme Court for identifying whether probable cause exists that permits the judge to determine whether the available evidence is both sufficient and reliable enough to issue a warrant is the definition of:

The totality of circumstances

Which of the statements is true?

Women have been policing since the early 1900s

The focus of intelligence led policing is:

the prevention of crime

A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:

affidavit

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

arrest

Making the police presence known, to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls is characteristic of a(n) ______patrol.

preventative

The job of the ______ is mainly to talk to witnesses, suspects, and victims.

detective

CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to:

develop standards for police policies and practices, review police agencies, award accreditation, and determine if standards are met.

Because the fourth amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by all law enforcement officials, evidence found through improper searches or seizures must be:

excluded

Police forces throughout the US are characterized by

fragmentation and local orientation

According to the theory of broken windows, police should focus more on

maintaining order by being attentive to the little problems

Some professionals have become concerned about lower-level security workers because:

such positions have a high turnover rate, the pay rate is generally low, and, low-level workers may be people who cannot find employment elsewhere.

In United States v. Jones (2012) the Supreme Court decided:

that placing a GPS tracking device on a drug suspect's car without a warrant is a search that falls under the rules of the Fourth Amendment.

Henry Fielding organized a group of "thief takers" which became know as

the Bow Street Runners

Which historical era of policing involved close ties between police and local leaders of government?

the Political Era

Illinois v. Gates (1983) is the U.S. Supreme Court decision that established that:

the flexible totality of circumstances test for determining the existence of the probable cause needed for obtaining a search warrant.

Excessive use of force violates what amendment?

the fourth

In Missouri v. McNeely (2013) the Supreme Court decided:

to make it a requirement for the police to seek search warrants, if possible, before taking involuntary blood tests from suspected drunk drivers.

A majority of searches take place without a

warrant