CRIS 303 Quizzes

In the past _____ years, crisis intervention surged as a specialized field.

10

When traumatic reactions interfere with social and occupational functioning within _____ weeks of an incident, Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is likely a diagnosis.

4

The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) takes place 24 to _____ hours after a critical incident.

72

According to the text, findings indicate that more than ______ percent of trauma survivors diagnosed with ASD developed PTSD six months later.

80

The ability to accept support is a dimension of which coping style?

Active emotional

Spiritual adjustments relate to how a death affects one's

All of the above (beliefs, values, and assumptions about the world)

Behaviors associated with normal grief reactions include which of the following?

All of the above (sleep disturbances, crying, sighing)

Survivors of complex trauma describe seven categories of symptoms. Which of these is not one of those categories?

Alteration in sleep patterns

Inhibited grief reactions are also known as _______ grief reactions.

Delayed

Socially negated losses lead to what Doka calls _______ grief, in which the mourner's grief is not recognized or sanctioned by society.

Disenfranchised

According to researchers at the Clark Institute, the main groups of predictors important in explaining adjustment to bereavement in widows include all of the following EXCEPT:

Emotional factors

In 1950, _______ developed his concept of basic trust.

Erikson

How a death affects one's everyday functioning in the world describes

External adjustments

A debriefing is a multi-session, highly structured crisis intervention designed to reduce and prevent the negative consequences of a trauma.

False

A trauma survivor is not more susceptible to physical disease.

False

According to the author's viewpoint, the inclusion of culturally appropriate traditional ceremonies often harms the therapeutic process.

False

According to the text, triggers are events, objects or environments that cause survivors to recall traumatic memories.

False

Altruistic motivation is enough to do crisis work; appropriate training is not needed.

False

An example of higher cognitive ability is negative self-talk when under distress.

False

Caplan (1964) initially defines a crisis as occurring when individuals are confronted with problems that can be solved.

False

Chronic PTSD, described as Type I trauma, is more difficult to treat than acute, or Type II trauma.

False

Cultural trauma is viewed the same as psychological and physical trauma

False

The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children is not considered to be an empirically valid assessment instrument that can help therapists make a thorough assessment.

False

The traumagenic factor model developed by Finkelhor and Browne (1985) identifies four significant factors in sexual abuse: betrayal, stigmatization, traumagenic sexualization, and isolation.

False

A person's reaction to bereavement comprised of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors experienced after the loss that change over time is known as

Grief

Which of the following statements about grief counseling is TRUE?

Grief counseling can take place in an informal setting such as a home.

George Engel viewed the process of mourning as similar to the process of

Healing

The best way to help someone actualize a loss is to

Help them talk about the loss

______ is a German word broadly defined as the literal physical pain that many people experience, and the emotional and behavioral pain associated with loss.

Schmerz

When diagnosing complicated mourning, Clue 9 relates to

Self-destructive impulses and actions

The general objectives of interactive psycho-educational groups are to inform participants about the impact of traumatic experiences and to assist group members to reorganize their thoughts and feelings after a trauma.

True

Trauma has its most profound effect in the first decade of life.

True

Determining suicidal intent involves:

all of the above

PTSD was categorized as an anxiety disorder because of the persistent anxiety, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, and _____________ displayed by trauma survivors.

avoidance behaviors

Cortisol acts as a counterbalance to adrenaline and plays an important role in redistributing energy when a person is under stress. Considering this, high cortisol levels

benefit individuals in the short term

The earliest records of traumatic reactions appear on cuneiform tablets from Sumeria 4,000 years ago. According to the text, the tablets describe which of the following symptoms experienced by the ancient Sumerians?

both a and c (anxiety, sleep disturbance)

Internally recounting and constantly replaying the event is an example of a:

cognitive response

A crisis can be culturally universal or culturally specific. The mudslides in California and the tsunami in Asia would be examples of what according to the text?

culturally universal

Intergenerational trauma is best defined as

cumulative emotional and psychological wounding passed from one generation to the next

Crisis interventions provide victims with __________ first aid targeted to the particular circumstances of the crisis.

emotional

_____________ remains the single best predictor of a child's ability to recover from trauma.

family support

Debriefings also serve the important purpose of ______________.

identifying those individuals who require further help or follow-up services.

Acute stress reactions usually occur _______ after traumatic events?

in the first month

Which of the following groups has the primary goal to increase the coping skills of group members?

support groups

Debriefings were first conducted by

the U.S. army

Chronically and passively focusing on grief-related symptoms is an example of

Rumination

Which of the following is the MOST common feeling found in the bereaved?

Sadness

The closer the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the greater the effects of the trauma.

True

Which counseling principle involves a problem-solving approach to help the bereaved with enhancement of mastery?

Principle 3

According to Worden, Task II in the mourning process involves which of the following?

Processing the pain of grief

The concept of intergenerational trauma was first introduced as Rakoff and his colleagues described the generational effects of the Holocaust.

True

The fact that the ancient Sumerians did not attribute physical reactions of anxiety and sleep disturbance to supernatural phenomena indicated that they recognized the concept of the psychological trauma.

True

In a highly _______ relationship, the death leads to a tremendous amount of guilt.

Ambivalent

All of the following are examples of cognitions that mark the experience of grief EXCEPT:

Anxiety

The normal response of the attachment system to separation from a loved one both in adults and children is

Anxiety

Substance abuse is a coping mechanism used in _______ coping.

Avoidant emotional

Those with ________ attachment are very likely to make the poorest adaptation to a loss.

Avoidant/fearful

Some important guiding principles involved in crisis intervention include:

BOTH A AND B making an accurate assessment and the ability to think quickly and creatively and a crisis is characterized by loss of control and safety and involves establishing specific goals

Which of the following is TRUE of someone with an avoidant/dismissing attachment style?

Behavior is organized around the goal of self-reliance and independence.

Eating disturbances, which are common in human mourning situations, are part of which category of normal grief?

Behaviors

Determining group logistics is part of which guideline for setting up an effective counseling group?

Choosing the group format

Which type of complicated mourning is excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion?

Chronic grief reactions

Inconclusive grieving following the loss of a spouse considered missing in action is an example of which type of factor in failure to grieve?

Circumstantial

Which technique does the author recommend to help the bereaved manage dysphoric feelings and irrational thoughts?

Cognitive restructuring

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs group participants generally wish to meet through the group?

Compassion

When anger is not adequately acknowledged, it can lead to

Complicated mourning

Simon Rubin's bifocal approach to mourning focuses on functioning and

Relationships

Damage to self-esteem following the loss of a loved one requires what type of adjustment?

Internal

Which disruptive group member speaks in terms of "musts," "shoulds," and "have-tos"?

Moralist

The process that occurs after a loss by which a bereaved person comes to terms with the loss is called

Mourning

_______ is the term applied to the process that one goes through in adapting to the death of the person.

Mourning

Recent finding regarding PTSD indicate that only about ______ of individuals who experience trauma develop PTSD.

NOT: 15%

According to the author, for full recovery to occur, an acknowledgement of the multigenerational influence of trauma and the generational wounding it has inflicted must be ______________.

NOT: discussed

Three of the listed emotional effects of multigenerational trauma from the text include:

NOT: stress, sleeplessness, and high suicide rates

The ability to find something positive or redemptive in an experience of loss is associated with

Optimism

Decreased levels of cortisol were found among individuals who suffer from chronic ________.

PTSD

According to Parkes's model, which phase of mourning is the period of numbness that occurs close to the time of the loss?

Phase I

Which normal grief feeling occurs MOST often in the case of a sudden death?

Shock

The author has noted a relationship between anger and

Social isolation

Social loneliness can be mitigated by

Social support

______ purports to help bereaved persons contact their deceased loved one, denying the finality of death.

Spiritualism

Social integration is a dimension of which social mediator?

Support satisfaction

All of the following are NASH categories EXCEPT:

Suspicious

Prigerson and colleagues identified two factors at work in complicated grief:

Traumatic distress and separation distress

Crisis reactions are assessed in affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains in the __________________.

Triage Assessment System

Cultural trauma is more likely to result in a dramatic loss of identify and meaning, a tear in the social fabric.

True

Emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical reactions are not necessarily unhealthy or maladaptive, but rather are normal responses to abnormal events.

True

One of the reasons assessing trauma is challenging is that trauma is seldom the presenting issue that brings clients to therapy.

True

Participation in a therapeutic group helps participants change the way they think about themselves and provides a sense of community and identity; therefore, it is an ideal modality for trauma survivors.

True

The Disposition step of the Empowering Model of Crisis Intervention is based on the fact that the telling and retelling of a trauma can assist in the healing process.

True

Which of the following statements about kinship is NOT true?

Within families, kinship categories do not make a difference.

Which of the following crisis phases best describes an individual attempting to gain mastery by resuming external control thorough engaging in routine activities?

outward adjustment phase

With younger children, careful observation of their ________ content can provide valuable diagnostic information.

play

The Greek meaning of the English word "trauma" connotes a physical injury and parallels the _______ wounding that can potentially follow a traumatic episode.

psychic

The ________ of family, friends, and colleagues also contributes to a victim's ability to recover from a traumatic experience.

reaction

Some individuals may not experience any significant reactions for a long period of time and then ________ when faced with a major life stressor.

relapse

The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing model (CISD) was originally conceived to help emergency personnel manage job-related stress. The CISD consists of how many components?

seven

Which of the below is not a factor that influences recovery from trauma, according to our text?

social status

Resiliency is the term applied to individuals exposed to severe risk factors and nevertheless

thrive and excel

Reassuring victims of physical reactions and affirming that other traumatized individuals report similar reactions can provide survivors with ___________.

validation