CS 105 - Chapter 9 & 10

Today ____ is still strong in the transportation industry (aircraft, helicopters, subway systems, European high-speed train control systems) and in safety monitoring systems at nuclear reactors, as well as in financial and communication systems.

Ada

____ a program means running it on many data sets to be sure its performance falls within those required limits.

Benchmarking

____ is the most widely used language for writing system software because of the versatility its design philosophy bestowed on it.

C

____ was originally designed for systems programming, in particular for writing the operating system UNIX.

C

FORTRAN and ____________________ were the dominant high-level languages of the 1960s and 1970s.

COBOL

The majority of business transactions, billions of them per day, are still done on ____________________ code that has now been updated and is likely to continue to run for the foreseeable future.

COBOL

____ is the process of translating the detailed designs into computer code

Coding

____ is a proprietary language—intellectual property belonging to Microsoft Corporation.

F#

____ was the first high-level programming language actually implemented.

FORTRAN

A modern programming EXE provides a text editor, a file manager, a compiler, a linker and loader, and tools for debugging, all within this one piece of software.

False

C# is the successor to C++ and is the same basic language.

False

C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.

False

C++ was designed with engineering applications in mind.

False

Each low-level language supports if statements and while loops

False

Early versions of FORTRAN allowed the use of mathematical symbols such as < to compare two quantities.

False

Early versions of FORTRAN included a while loop mechanism.

False

FORTRAN does not allow the use of external libraries.

False

If anything is changed on an already-tested module, update testing is done to be sure that this change hasn't introduced a new error into code that was previously correct.

False

In assembly language, the programmer need not manage the details of the movement of data items within memory.

False

In early programming languages, conserving machine resources was not an issue

False

Java is the language used to frame database queries

False

Logic programming languages are sometimes called imperative languages

False

Machine language can use the notation --, //, or # to denote a program comment.

False

Maintenance should be viewed as a separate step in the software development life cycle.

False

Much of the processing in the business world concerns updating "transaction files" with changes from "master files."

False

Program maintenance, the process of adapting an existing software product, may consume as much as 85% of the total software development life cycle budget.

False

The availability of the appropriate compiler guarantees that a program developed on one type of machine can be compiled on a different type of machine.

False

The problem identification document commits the final and complete problem specification to paper and guides the software developers in all subsequent decisions.

False

The program implementation phase is the time to plan how it is to be done.

False

The use of parallelism always reduces processing time because subtasks are being executed concurrently.

False

Writing all computer programs in the same programming language would be more efficient because all languages meet essentially the same needs.

False

Directing the flow of control in a FORTRAN program by using ____ statements is similar to using the various JUMP statements in the assembly language

GO TO

____ was born out of frustration with existing languages and environments for systems programming.

Go

____ were created to overcome the deficiencies of assembly language.

High-level programming languages

____ are instructions in the programming language.

Imperative commands

Most programming languages are now presented within an ____.

Integrated Development Environment

Unlike FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, and Ada, which were carefully developed as programming languages, ____________________, a modern, object-oriented language, was almost an accident.

Java

___ goes a step further toward not specifying exactly how a task is to be done.

Logic programming

Using a single processor, finding the largest of N numbers takes ____ time.

O^(N)

____ is really a catchall term for a variety of approaches to computing architectures and algorithm design.

Parallel processing

____ source code is freely available and can be used, distributed, or modified by anyone.

Python

____ is the FORTRAN implementation of "input."

READ

____ allows miscommunications between the user and the programmer to be identified and corrected early in the development process.

Rapid prototyping

____________________ language code fragments can be embedded in Web pages to make those pages active rather than static.

Scripting

____ is the rules for exactly how statements must be written in a programming language.

Syntax

A program written in a(n) procedural language consists of sequences of statements that manipulate data items.

True

C programs can make use of low-level information such as knowledge of where data are stored in memory.

True

Even though a high-level programming language allows the programmer to think of memory locations in abstract rather than physical terms, the programmer is still directing, via program instructions, every change in the value of a memory location.

True

In a high-level language, the programmer's only responsibilities for managing data items are to declare (or in the case of Python, create) all constants and variables the program will use.

True

Lady Ada Lovelace is regarded as the world's first programmer on the basis of her correspondence with Charles Babbage and her published notes on his work with the Analytic Engine.

True

Procedural languages differ in the details of assigning a new value to a variable, in the mechanisms the language provides for directing the flow of control through conditional and looping statements, and in the statement forms that control input and output.

True

The programmer's task is to devise the appropriate step-by-step sequence of "imperative commands" that, when carried out by the computer, accomplish the desired task.

True

There are multiple programming languages not so much because there are tasks that one programming language cannot do but because each programming language was designed to meet specific needs.

True

____ takes place on each module (subtask code) as it is completed.

Unit testing

____ includes online tutorials or help systems that the user can bring up while the program is running, and (less often) written user's manuals.

User documentation

The ____________________ computer architecture is characterized by sequential fetch-decode-execute cycles.

Von Neumann

Java ____ are programs designed to run from Web pages.

applets

When we moved from machine language to assembly language, we needed a piece of system software—a(n) ____________________—to translate assembly language instructions into machine language.

assembler

The object code for a task that needs to be performed often can be stored in a(n) ____.

code library

Newer languages such as Java and C# were developed specifically to run on a variety of hardware platforms without the need for a separate ____________________ for each type of machine.

compiler

The software translator used to convert our high-level language instructions into machine language instructions is called a(n) ____.

compiler

A program to interact with an I/O device is called a ____.

device driver

The task of finding the largest number in a list can be solved in a MIMD parallel fashion using the ____ model.

divide-and-conquer

A ____ expresses a property about a single object or a relationship among several objects.

fact

The ____ evaluates a proposed project and compares the costs and benefits of various solutions

feasibility study

Procedural languages are also called ____ languages.

imperative

Individual assembly language statements, though easier to read, can be no more powerful than the underlying ____________________.

instruction set

Assembly language programs are ____ specific.

machine

Each assembly language statement corresponds to, at most, one ____________________ language statement.

machine

In assembly language, the programmer must take a microscopic view of a task, breaking it down into tiny subtasks at the level of what is going on in individual ____.

memory locations

Patterned after the human brain, ____ can involve massive interconnections of many extremely simple devices.

neural networks

Machine language is also known as ____ code.

object

A(n) ____ is a model or mental framework for representing or thinking about something.

paradigm

A ____ involves developing a clear, concise, and unambiguous statement of the exact problem the software is to solve.

problem specification

At some point, an increase in the number of ____________________ can become more of a hindrance than a help, due to the extra data communication required.

processors

A ____ stores and fetches values to and from memory cells.

random access memory

Ada, Java, C++ and C# require a ____ to terminate an executable program statement.

semicolon

A ____ occurs when a function, in the course of acting on its argument values to produce a result value, also changes other values that it has no business changing.

side effect

The high-level language instructions are known as ____ code.

source

Code filled with GO TO statements that send the flow of control all over the place is known as "____."

spaghetti code