cs 261 quizzes before midterm

in C, a symbolic constant can be created using which preprocessor directive?

#define

Which x86-64 condition code register indicates that the previous instruction produced a negative result?

SF

what is a disassembler

a tool that parses an executable file to extract its instruction sequences

a pointer is a variable that stores what type of information

an address

the 1991 patriot/scud missile disaster was caused by

an approximate representation

x86-64 is

an instruction set architecture(ISA)

which of the following statements is true regarding the hardware implementation of integer arithmetic 1. arithmetic in both unsigned and twos complement representation can be implemented using the same hardware 2. significantly different hardware is required to perform addition in unsigned representation and twos complement representation 3. hardware designed for arithmetic in unsigned representation can be used in twos complement representation but not vice versa

arithmetic inn both unsigned and twos complement representation can be implemented using the same hardware

what is a "C String"

array of ASCII characters terminated by \0

which of the following is not true about character encodings 1. java strings use unicode, which uses 32 bits per character 2. ascii contains encodings for all english, french, and spanish aphabetic characters 3. ascii character values have the same single-byte encoding in utf-8 4. the unicode standard contains thousands of different characters

ascii contains encodings for all english, french, and spanish alphabetic characters

which stage of compilation produces object files as output

assembling

one common way to avoid bugs involving signed and unsigned conversions is to

avoid unsigned integers entirely

which of the following is not stored explicitly in the IEEE 754 format? 1.sign 2.exponent 3. base 4. significand

base

command and response textual interaction linux program

bash

why would a conditional move be preferred over a move guarded by a conditional jump

better performance because of fewer branch predictions

b intel x86 postfix

byte(8 bit)

CF

carry flag

change working directory linux command

cd

given the declaration char **argv, what is the type of argv[0][0]

char

the concept of a file provides an abstraction for which of the following elements? check all that apply 1. displays 2. register 3. process 4. disk 5. keyboards

displays, disk, keyboards

l intel x86 postfix

double word(32 bit)

consider the following line of code double *d = (double*)malloc(sizeof(double)); what is the type of d?

double*

consider the following line of code(assume it is in main()): double *d = (double*)malloc(sizeof(double)); what is the type of d?

double*

Consider the following line of code (assume it is in main()): double *d = (double*)malloc(sizeof(double)); What is the type of &d?

double**

consider the following line of code(assume it is in main()): double *d = (double*)malloc(sizeof(double)); what is the type of &d

double**

if e is the unsigned exponent bits, the exponent value of a normalized IEEE 754 number is

e - Bias

which of the following is true about assembly code? 1. every indented line corresponds to a single machine code instruction 2. it is compiled to machine code by a disassembler 3. it contains a copy of the original c source code 4. lines beginning with a d (.) are comments

every indented line corresponds to a single machine code instruction

read a line of characters into a buffer from a FILE* pointer

fgets

return a FILE* pointer to a newly opened file

fopen

which component of the compilation process combines object files into one executable object program

linker

llist files in current working directory linux command

ls

computers directly execute

machine code

which C function serves the same purpose as the Java "new" keyword

malloc()

which c function serves the same purpose as the Java new keyword

malloc()

which of the following C operators have higher precedence than the dereference (*) operator? select all that apply 1. member/dot (.) 2. equality (==) 3. unary increment (++) 4. binary addition (+)

member/dot unary increment

create a new directory linux command

mkdir

Which of the following instructions would copy 32 bits from %esp into %ebp?

movl %esp, %ebp

a vector register holds

multiple integer or floating point values

edit text files linux program

nano, vim

what is the result in base 10 of the subtraction of 0x80 - 0x08 if using eight bit twos complement representation

negative overflow

what is the meaning of the following: 1001

not enough information to determine

pointer to string parameter(for some flags) - command line processing component

optarg

index of next flag in argv - command line processing component

optind

list of valid flags - command line processing component

optstring

what occurs if the full integer result of an arithmetic calculation cannot fit within the word size limits of the data type

overflow

OF

overflow flag

what is the hex result of ~(0xa7 \ ox3c)

ox40

the use of concurrency to make a system run faster

parallelism

added 4 vector registers

pentium mmx

suppose a C program called"ping" is built from two source files "main.c" and "util.c". Which of the following Makefiles will correctly build the program (and/or re-build it later if either of the two source files are modified)?

ping: main.c util.c gcc -o ping main.c util.c

given the following declaration, how would you access the 'name' field of the 'portscan' variable? typedef struct { char name[16]; long launch_count; } app_t; app_t *portscan = (appt*)malloc(sizeof(appt));

portscan->name (*portscan).name

what is the result in base 10 of the addition of 0100 1101 and 0110 0011 if using 8bit twos complement representation

positive overflow

which stage of compilation works with statements like #include <stdio.h>>

preprocessing

write a formatted string to standard output

printf

consider a pointer, ptr, initialized to NULL. which of the following lines will NOT produce a segmentation fault

printf("%d\n", ptr);

print working directory linux command

pwd

q intel x86 postfix

quad word 64 bit

what cpu component consists of word-size storage units that have unique names

register file

the process of understanding how a system works by observing its behavior and working backward is called

reverse engineering

remove a file linux command

rm

consider an 8bit floating point representation based on the IEEE floating-point format, with one sign bit, three exponent bits, and 4 fraction bits. the exponent bias is 3. for the decimal value 2.5 give the bits for each of the following: s____ e____ f_____

s = 0 e = 100 f = 0100

Which x86-64 instruction would perform the equivalent of x >>= 2 in C, assuming "x" is a signed integer currently stored in register %rax?

sar $2, %rax

Which of the following instructions is equivalent to "setle %al"?

setng %al

Which of the following is equivalent to the x86-64 instruction "sal $4, %rcx"?

shl $4, %rcx

when converting a 32 bit signed twos complement integer to a 64 bit signed twos complement integer, which operation will preserve the correct value

sign extension

SF

sign flag

which is true 1. the c standard requires the use of twos complement integers 2. twos complement encodings include a representation of positive infinity 3. c does not provide support for unsigned integers 4. sign-magnitude integer encodings have two version of the value zero

sign magnitude integer encodings have two versions of the value zero

which number representations have multiple representations for zero

single precision floating point, double precision floating point, signed magnitude, ones complement

which of the following is a correct and safe alternative to the following code? #define MAX_SIZE 256 char target[MAX_SIZE]; strcpy(target, source); //unsafe

snprintf(target, MAX_SIZE, "%s", source);

error in code that produces incorrect/undesired behavior

software defect

remote commannd-line interaction with another computer

ssh

variables that are local to a function are stored in what part of memory

stack

variables that are local to a function are stored in what part of memory>

stack

what parts of the virtual address space do not change in size as the program executed>

static code, static data

Assume the %rbx register stores the value 5, and the %rax register stores the value 3. Which x86-64 instruction would subtract 5 - 3, leaving the result 2 in %rbx

subq %rax, %rbx

when using 8bit word size in twos complement addititon, megative overflow occurs when

x + y < -128

when using 8 bit word size in twos complement addition, positive overflow occurs when

x + y >= 128

which of the following instructions is equivalent to x * 16 if x is represented in 8 bit 2s complement

x << 4

which of the following expressions is equivalent to x * 32 if x is representated in 8 but 2s complement

x << 5

when converting a 32 bit unsingned integer to a 64 bit unsigned integer, which operation will preserve the correct value

zero extension

ZF

zero flag

character printf conversion

%c

decimal number printf conversion

%d

In x86-64, assume the %rax register stores the address of the data you want to access. Which of the following operand specifiers could NOT be used to access the data?

%rax

in x86-64 assume the %rax register stores the data you want to access. which of the following operand specifiers should be used to access the data

%rax

In x86-64, which register indicates the address in memory of the next instruction to be executed?

%rip

The target of most jump instructions is encoded relative to which register?

%rip

in x86-64 which register indicates the address in memory of the top of the system stack

%rsp

null terminated string printf conversion

%s

unsigned hexadecimal printf conversion

%x

which cc operator is used to dereference a pointer?

*

what is the result of evaluating the following expression? true ? 2 - 3 : 5 * 2

-1

if the value -1.89 is rounded to the nearest tenths place using the IEEE round towards zero mode, what will the resulting number be

-1.8

in 4bit twos complement representation, what is the contribution/weight of the most significant bit

-8

if 'data' is an array of 'float' values (4 byytes each), what is the offset (in bytes) of data[0] from the beginning of the array

0

in 4-bit twos complement representation, what is the binary encoding of the number 5

0101

What is the value of %rax after running the instruction "movl $-1, %eax"?

0x00000000FFFFFFFF

assume that x is an int that has the value 5, and the address of x is 0x0804a254. if the machine is a big endian architecture, what is stored at address 0x0804a257

0x05

assume that x is a 32 bit int that has the value 9, and tthe address of x is 0x0904b254. if the machine is a big endian architecture, what is stored at address 0x0904b257

0x09

Assume that %rax stores the memory address 0x1000. The data at what address would be accessed with the operand specifier 2(%rax)?

0x1002

let x be an 8bit unsigned variable storing 0xb2. what is the result of calculating (x << 3) >> 2

0x24

what is the hex result of -x26 & 0xA5

0x24

hex result of 0xae & 0xcb

0x8a

what is the hex result of (0xa7 | 0x3c)

0xbf

assume that x is an int that has the value 0xab78f29e and the address of x is 0x08049000. if the machine is a little endian architecture, what is stored at address 0x08049001

0xf2

give an example of a decimal integer greater than zero that would have the same representation in decimal, binary, and hexadecimal

1

if e is the unsigned exponent bits, the exponent value of a denormalized IEEE 754 number is

1 - Bias

consider the following two structs and the declaration as defined in the reading. struct point { int x; int y; }; struct rect { struct point p1; struct point p2; }; struct rect, r, *rp,= &r; which of the following are equivalent to r.p1.x? select all that apply 1. (rp->p1).x 2. rp -> p1.x 3. r.(p1.x) 4. rp->(p1.x) 5. (r.p1).x

1,2,5

Hello World program in C ANSWER 1 ANSWER 2 { ANSWER 3; }

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. main() 3. printf("Hello, world!\n")

which of the following declarations/initializations are safe in C? 1. int b[4] = {1,2,3,4}; 2. char e[6] = "hello" 3. int *c = {1,2,3,4} 4. int a[] = {1,2,3,4} 5. char d[] = "hello" 6. char *f = "hello"

1. int b[4] = {1,2,3,4}; 2. char e[6] = "hello" 4. int a[] = {1,2,3,4} 5. char d[] = "hello" 6. char *f = "hello"

in which memory regions can C strings be allocated and stored? check all that apply 1. stack 2. static code 3. static data 4. heap

1. stack 3. static data 4. heap

which of the following statements are true in C? check all that apply 1. the calloc() function is an alternative to malloc() that performs initialization as well as allocation 2. calling malloc() always returns a pointer to heap memory 3. is malloc() succeeds, it will set all allocated bytes to zero during allocation 4. the memset() function can be used to "zero out" many bytes in memory

1. the calloc() function is an alternative to malloc() that performs initialization as well as allocation 4. the memset() function can be used to "zero out" many bytes in memory

which of the following is NOT a reason to understand how compilation works? 1. you can quickly debug run-time exceptions 2. you can avoid buffer overflows and other security vulnerabilities 3.you can resolve link-time errors 4. you can optimize your prorams performance

1. you can quickly debug run-time exceptions

if the value 1.37 is rounded to the tenth's place using the IEEE round-to-even mode, what will the resulting number be

1.4

what is the decimal equivalent of the binary value 1.101

1.625

in 4 bit twos complement representation, what is the binary encoding of the number -7

1001

what is the big-endian binary expansion of the hexadecimal value 0xA70C

1010 0111 0000 1100

in 4-bit twos complement representation, what is the binary encoding of the number -5

1011

in 4-bit sign magnitude representation, what is the binary encoding of the number -5`

1101

what is the binary expansion of the hexadecimal value 0xe04d

1110 0000 0100 1101

what is the 8bit 2s complement representation of the negation of 0001 0001

1110 1111

consider the following code struct color { int red; int blue; int green; }; assume that the 'int' type must be at least four bytes. what is the minimum amount of space required to store a 'struct color' variable? specify your answer as an exact numerical byte count

12

if 'data' is an array of 'float' values (4 bytes each), what is the offset (in bytes) of data[3] from the beginning of the array?

12

what is the output of the following C program? #include <stdio.h> main() { int a = 3; int b = 5; int c = 2; printf("%d\n", a + b * c - 1); }

12

what is the value of x << 2 if x is equal to 3 in 8-bit unsigned binary

12

what is the value of x after execution of the following code assuming x and y are 8 bit unsigned integer values and x originally equals 4 y = x; x = x << 1; x = x + y;

12

what is the result in base 10 of addition of 0101 1011 and 0010 0100 if using 8bit unsigned binary representation

127

what is the result in base 10 of the addition of 0101 1011 and 0010 0100 if using 8bit twos complement representation

127

consider the following code: typedef struct { char avatar; int id; double health; } entity_t; Assume that the int type must be at least four bytes, the double type must be at least 8 bytes, and a char is a single byte. assume further that four-byte alignment is required on a particular architecture. what is the minimum amount of space required to store an entity_t variable on that archetecture? specify your answer as an exact numerical byte count

16

the x86-64 integer register file contains how much storage

16 locations for 64 bit values

what is the result in base 10 of addition of 0100 1101 and 0110 0011 if using 8bit unsigned binary representation

176

what is the output of the following code? assume that the address of the variable x is 8 and the address of the variable y is 6. int x = 5; int *y = &x; *y = 1; printf(%d", x + *y);

2

decimal value that has the same encoding in 4 bit unsigned, ones complement, and twos complement

2, 0, 7, 1, 3, 6, 4, 5

consider the following c declarations. Which of the following C expressions are true? float f[10]; float *fp = f; 1. &fp == &f[0] 2. &f == &f[0] 3. fp = &f 4. &fp == &fp[0]

2. &f == &f[0] 3. fp = &f

consider the following declaration: int nums[4] = { 7, 3, 9, 1 }; which of the following array accesses are equivalent to "nums[1]"? Select all that are equivalent 1. nums + 1 2. nums[0 + 1] 3. *(&nums[0] + 1) 4. nums[0] + 1 5. *(nums[0] + 1) 6. *(nums + 1)

2. nums[0 + 1] 3. *(&nums[0] + 1) 6. *(nums + 1)

using a 16 bit floating point representation with 1 sign bit, 6 exponent bits with a bias of 31, and 9 fractional bits, what is the decimal value of 0x4080

2.5

what is the decimal value of the c expression "1 << 8"

256

when using 8 bit word size in unsigned binary addition of number x and y, overflow occurs when

256 <= x + y < 512

which of the following boolean algebra statements is NOT true 1. x ^ y = y ^ x 2. x ^ y ^ x = y 3. x ^ 0 = 0 4. x ^ x = 0

3. x ^ 0 = 0

what is the decimal equivalent of the binary value 11.01

3.25

consider the following code : typedef struct { int id; int sector; double coord[3]; } ship_t; Assume that the int type must be at least four bytes and the double type must be at least eight bytes. what is the minimum amount of space reuqired to store a ship_t variable? specify your answer as an exact numerical byte count

32

what is the maximum value representable by a signed 16-bit integer

32,767

consider the following C code: #include <stdio.h> main() { enum color { BLACK = 1, WHITE, RED, GREAN, BLUE }; enum color background = GREEN; printf("%d", background); } what is the numeric value of background at the end of the code

4

what is the output of the following C program? #include <stdio.h> main() { int a = 3; int b = 9; printf("%d-%d", ++a, b++); }

4-9

what is the decimal equivalent of 0x2A

42

0x2e in decimal

46

what is the limit of the virtual address space size for a processor with a 32 bit word size

4GB

what is the max size of RAM that can be used by a 32 bit machine

4gb

what is the value of x >> 2 if x is equal to 24 in 8 bit unsigned binary

6

consider the following coe: typedef union { int integer; double fractional; } number_t; assume that the int type must be at least four bytes and the double type must be at least 8 bytes. what is the mimimum amount of space required to store a number_t variable? specify your answer as an exact numerical byte count

8

what will the value in %rax be after the following x86-64 code executes movq %5, %rax movq $8, %rbx cmp %rax, %rbx cmovne %rbx, %rax

8

consider the following code: typedef struct { int id; char user_name[16]; } user_t; user_t student [4]; assume that the int type must be at lease four bytes and the char type must be at least a single byte, what is the minimum amount of space required to store the 'student' variable? specify your answer as an exact numerical byte count

80

floating-point co processor

8086

what was the model number of the first standardized floating-point chip

8087

If the register %rdx contains the value y, what value will be in %rax after executing the instruction leaq 4(%rdx, %rdx, 7), %rax?

8y + 4

how many bytes of memory are needed to store the string "Hey Jude"?

9

which operator is opften used from the command line to redirect standard output to a file

> (right angle)

what format for x86-64 assembly code is used by our textbook(as well as gcc and objdump)

ATT

the observation that when one part oof a system is sped up, the effect on the overall system performace depends on both how significant this part was and how much it sped up is called:

Amdahl's Law

which technique allows data to travel directly between disks and memory without passing through the CPU?

DMA

if an IEEE 754 floating-point number has the hex representation 0xFFFFFFFF, what kind of number is represented

NaN

if an IEEE 754 floating-point number has the hex representation of 0xfff0000, what kind of number is represented

NaN

question mark escape sequence

\?

Backslash escape sequence

\\

alert(bell) character escape sequence

\a

backspace escape sequence

\b

horizontal tab escape sequence

\t

vertical tab escape sequence

\v

multiplication by an arbitraty constant can be accomplished by using

a combination of shifting, adding, and subtracting

in C, the 'sizeof' feature is implemented as

a compile time unary operator

when the operating system decides to change which process is running by saving the state of the currrent process, restoring the state of another process, and transferring control to the other process it is called

a context switch

what is a void* pointer in C

a generic pointer

given the decaration char **argv, what is the type of argv[0]

char*

given the declaration char **argv, what is the type of &argv[0]

char**

C basic data types

char, double, float, int

what is the difference between sub instructions and cmp instructions

cmp does not change the desitnation register

which stages of compilation will occur by executing "gcc -c code.c" 1. compiling 2. linking 3. preprocessing 4. assembling

compiling, preprocessing, assembling

the term used to describe the general concept of a system with multiple, simultaneous activities

concurrency

what distinguishes the meaning of bits used to represent data objects

context

multiple individual cpu cores

core 2

added 256 bit vector registers

core i7 Sandy Bridge

copy a file linux command

cp

program that allows you to examine/manipulate another program while it is running

debugger

if the exponent field of an IEEE 754 floating point number is all zeros but the significand has at least one non-zero bit, what kind of number is represented

denormalized

what does *p.q mean in C

dereference field q of variable p

reading a value using a variable that stores the address of the desired value requires what operation

dereferencing

all of the following instructions affect the condition codes except: 1.leaq 2. dec 3. sub 4. sal 5. add

leaq

compile a c program linux program

gcc

which of the following commans will compile test.c into myprog, forcing the compiler to use the c99 standard

gcc -std=c99 -o myprog test.c

read a single character from standard output

getchar

function that should be called repeatedly to return each flag - command line processing component

getopt

there are often multiple "threads" or execution units running in the context of a single process. What kind of data do they share? check all that apply 1.stack 2.register files 3. head 4. global data 5. code

global data, code

visual interface for command-line interaction linux program

gnome-terminal

expanded x86 to 32 bits

i386

which of the following utilities can be used to access the "stu" server via a command line for this course? check all that apply 1. file explorer on windows 2. iTerm2 on macOS 3. gnome-terminal on Ubuntu 4. PowerShell on Windows

iTerm on macOS. gnome-terminal on Ubuntu, PowerShell on Windows

which of the following control-flow constructs from Java does C also provide? check all that apply 1.if 2. while 3. for 4. break

if, while, for, break

ISSUES THAT CAUSE INNACURATE computations with floating point representations

inability to represent some real numbers exactly, rounding error during operations, cancellation of digits during subtraction, lack of associativity for addition and multiplication

if an IEEE 754 floating-point number has the hex representation 0x7f800000, what kind of number is represented

infinity

which of the following provides an abstraction of the actual processor hardware 1.instruction set architechture 2. application binary interface 3. application program interface 4. virtual memory

instruction set arcitechture

what is the best way to declare and allocate an array of five integers on the heap in C

int *nums = (int)malloc(sizeof(int)*5);

view text files one screen at a time without editing them linux program

less

which of the following demonstrates the correct use of a function prototype for the "square" function

int square(int); int main() { return square(16); } int square(int x) { return x*x; }

consider the following C program, and assume that we wish to pass "a" to "cube" as formal parameter "x" with truncation of any fractional part. What should ANSWER be replaced by? int cube (int x) { return x * x * x; } int main() { float a = 5.28; return cube(ANSWER); }

int(a)

round to even is the preferred rounding mode because

it avoids statistical bias

why is the 'strcpy' function considered unsafe

it performs no bounds checks

what does it mean that C is considered a relatively low level language

it provides access to close-to-the-hardware concepts

what does it mean that C is considered a relatively "low level" language

it provides access to close-to-the-hardware concepts (e.g., characters and addresses).

If you wanted to make a jump if (z > 0), which conditional jump instruction would be most appropriate? (Assume z is unsigned.)

ja

If you wanted to make a jump if (y <= 0), which conditional jump instruction would be most appropriate? (Assume y is signed.)

jle

which of the following x86-64 instructions does NOT modify the stack pointer 1. pushq 2. jmp 3. popq 4. call

jmp

what data structure can be used to make x86-64 translations of c switch statements more efficient

jump table

what kind of loop transition was used to generate the following x86-64 code jmp .L2 .L1: addq $2, %rbx .L2: cmpq %rsi, %rbx j1 .L1

jump to middle

applications are forbidden from reading from and writing to what part of virtual memory

kernel

the part of the operating system that is always present in memory

kernel

the transition from one process to another is managed by what piece of system software

kernel

which of the following is not a component of a standard for loop 1. label 2. body 3. update 4. initialization 5. test

label

extract a compressed file linux program

tar

technique that involves writing test code before real code

test-driven development

the output files of the pre-processor and compiler are both stored as ___ files, but the output files of the assembler and the linker are both stored as ____ files

text, binary

which of the following statements is true about the following code? int *x = 0; printf("x = %d", *x)

the code will produce a segmentation fault

what would happen if you try to compile and run the following code in a C function char str[] = "Hey Jude"; str[3] = '\0'; printf("%s", &str[0]);

the code would compile and produce the output "Hey"

what would happen if you try to compile and run the following code in a c function? char str[] = "Hey Jude"; printf("%s", &str[4])

the code would compile and produce the output "Jude"

what would happen if you try to compile and run the following code in a c function? char str[] = "Hey Jude"; str[3] = "\0"; printf("%s", &str[0]);

the code would compile and produce the output Hey

what would happen if you try to compile and run the following code in a c function? char str[] = "Hey Jude"; printf("%s", str[0])

the code would compile, but there would be a segmentation fault

what determines the length of an int in C

the compiler, based on the hardware it is being run on

when converting a 32 bit unsigned int to a 32 bit signed twos complement integer, wich operation will preserve the correct value?

the correct value will always be preserved

when converting a 64 bit unsigned integer to a 32 bit unsigned integer, which operation will preserve the correct value

the correct value will always be preserved

which of the following is true about compiling a c program with the -m64 flag? 1. the executable will be prevented from running on 64-bit architectures 2. the executable can only run on 64-bit architectures 3. it will result in a compilation error because "-m64" is not a valid flag 4. the executable can run on either 32 or 64 bit architectures

the executable can only run on 64-bit architectures

moores law predicted that ___ will double every year

the number of transistors per chip

which of the following is true of x86-64 instructions 1. all instructions are the same length but have different formats 2. disassembling code requires access to the source code version of the file 3. the processor must examine all bytes of an instruction to distinguish the type of instruction it is 4. the objdump disassembler uses a different naming convention than the gcc assembler

the objdump disassembler uses a different naming convention than the gcc assembler

assume that a pointer, ptr, has a value 1024. what would you get by acessinf *ptr[0]

the value stored at the address 1024

what is the hex value of the C expression "0b1000 >> 2"? assume integers are 4-bit.

there is not enough information to tell

what will the following c code do? printf("%s", NULL);

there is not enough information to tell(it could produce a segfault, print null, erase the entire hard drive, or print 0)

which of the following is not true of IEEE 754 floating-point numbers

they are equally spaced on the number line

consider the four bit value 1101. check all that apply 1. this value representts -13 in unsigned binar 2. this value represents -2 in 2s complement representation 3. this value represents 13 in unsigned binary 4. this value represents 2 in 2s complement representation 5. this value represents 3 in 2s complement representation 6. this value represents -3 in 2s complement representation

this value represents 13 in unsigned binary, this value represents -3 in 2s complement representation

what is the result of evaluating the following expression? true == 5 <= 10

true

what is the result of evaluating the following expression? true || var1 < 10

true

given the following declaration, how would you access the 'id' field of the usb variable? struct port usb;

usb.id

what is the best way to pass a large struct as a parameter to a function

use a pointer to the struct rather than the struct itself

what is the best way to determine the number of bytes to read into a struct from a file using fread?

use the sizeof operator with the typedef name of the struct

which of the following parts of the virtual address space change in size as the program executes? check all that apply 1. user stack 2. run time heap 3. read/write data 4. read only code and data 5. kernel virtual memory

user stack, run time heap

the absstraction that provides each process with the illusion that is has the exculsive use of the main memory

virtual memory

what best describes a memory leak

when variables allocated in a function and stored in the heap are lost when the function returns

w intel x86 postfix

word(16 bit)

which of the following boolean algebra statements is true 1. x | (y&z) = (x&y) | (X&z) 2. x & y = ~x | ~y 3. x & (y | z) = (x&y) | (x&z) 4. x|y|z = x & (y |z)

x & (y | z) = (x&y) | (x&z)