CS300: Unit 1
Three important aids to manual calculating are.____, ____ and ____
Abacus, math tables, clay tablets
The invention of ------------------- addressed two challenges faced by department store owners in the late 19th century: creating detailed sales records and embezzlement by employees.
Cash register
The two most popular applications of the Internet are ------------- and ---------------
Email and web
The adoption of mechanical calculators in offices changed the profession of bookkeeping. Employers ----------- and --------------
Employers lowered wages, and started hiring more women
In 1957 eight key employees of Shockley Semiconductor left to form their own company. The company founded by "the traitorous eight" was ------------------------------
Fairchild
Why was the ARPANET designed so that the loss of any single computer would not prevent the rest of the network from working?
Fear of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union
Demand for mechanical calculators increased tremendously in America in the late 19th Century due to the increase in size of_____
Government agencies and corporations.
In January 1984 Apple Computer released the Macintosh. The Macintosh is notable because it was the first commodity personal computer with a -----------------------------------
Graphical user interface
Devices used in the creation, storage, manipulation, exchange, and dissemination of data, including text, sound, and images, fall into the category of --------------------------- technology.
Information technology
A single semiconductor device containing transistors, capacitors, and resistors is called --------------------------
Integrated Circuit
How did the National Science Foundation stimulate the development of commercial, longdistance Internet connections in the United States?
It simultaneously (1) encouraged regional networks to find commercial customers, and (2) banned commercial traffic on the long-distance, NSFNET Backbone.
An integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a wide variety of tasks is called a ==================
Microprocessor
Hypertext is a ------------------------ of nodes containing -------------------------
Network of nodes containing information
Herman Hollerith invented --------------------------- to help the U.S. Bureau of the Census tally information about tens of millions of residents.
Punch card tabulation
The development of the personal computer was influenced by the power-to-the-people, do-it-yourself movement around ------------------------------ in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Silicon Valley CA
What two significant developments made personal computers more attractive to businesses in the late 1970s and early 1980s?
Spreadsheets and IBM PC
By 1870 fire alarm boxes were in use in 75 major cities in the United States. Which popular communications technology enabled the creation of these alarm boxes? ------------------------
Telegraph
Which device resulted in the creation of the first "on-line" communities? ==================
Telephone
In the 1960s the invention of ---------------------------- allowed multiple people to interact more-or-less simultaneously with a single computer.
Time sharing system
In the first half of the 20th century, AT&T used vacuum tubes to construct amplifiers that made long distance telephone calls possible. AT&T funded research to develop a semiconductor replacement to the vacuum tube. The research resulted in the invention of the ------------
Transistor 1948, bill shockley
In 1964 IBM announced the System/360, a series of 19 compatible computers. What advantage do compatible computers have for a business wishing to upgrade its systems: ----------------------------------
Used the same software
A series of inventions led to the creation of the electronic digital computer shortly after this war: ---------------------------
World War 2
In the earliest digital ________________ every instruction was coded as a long number. People invented programming languages to make coding faster and less error-prone.
computers
Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz are remembered as computer pioneers for their invention of:
mechanical adding machines
the development of the first true alphabet by the greeks represented a key step in western civilization's shift from an _______ culture to a _________ culture
oral; written
