CSE Exam 2 Chapter 12
Internet Protocol address (IP Address)
A numerical identification and logical address assigned to devices participating in a computer network.
Domain name registration
A process by which individuals and organizations register a unique domain name with a service organization, such as InterNIC, and are assigned a unique Internet address (IP address) that will be associated with that domain name.
Aggregator
A program that remembers your RSS subscription list, checks each site on a regular basis, alerts you if new information has been published, and organizes the results for you.
Internet access provider
Companies or businesses that provide access to the Internet for free, for a fixed monthly charge, or for an itemized per use fee.
Spider
Computer programs that roam the World Wide Web via the Internet, visit sites and databases, and keep a search engine's database of Web pages up to date.
Hyperlink
Elements in an electronic document that act as the connector to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document.
Message board
Similar to a newsgroup, but easier to use and does not require a newsreader.
Web browser
Software, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, or Chrome, that displays Web pages.
Spimming
Spam that targets users of instant messaging.
Search operator
Symbols or words used to fine tune a search.
Wildcard (truncation symbol)
Symbols such as * and ? that take the place of zero or more characters in the position in which they are used to search for various word endings and spellings simultaneously.
Downloading
Transferring files from another computer to your computer, as in downloading music from iTunes.
Uploading
Transferring files from your computer to another computer, as you do when you upload a video you created to YouTube.
E-tailer
Web-based retailers.
Portal
A Web page that acts as a gateway to diverse sources and presents those sources in an organized way.
Web site
A collection of related Web pages connected by hyperlinks.
Network service provider (NSP)
A company or organization that maintains the Internet backbone.
Internet service provider (ISP)
A company that provides Internet access along with other features.
Web server
A computer running special software that enables it to respond to requests for information or accept inputted information.
Host
A computer that can receive requests and reply to those requests.
Dial-up access
A connection to the Internet using a standard telephone line.
Podcast
A digital file that contains audio, images, and video and is available as a download from the Internet or released periodically by means of Web syndication.
Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
A feature provided by a Web site that permits a user to connect to it and receive constant updates over the Internet from that site without any further involvement.
Tabbed browsing
A feature provided by most browsers that open new Web pages as tabs within one window instead of opening a new window for each site.
Online service provider (OSP)
A for-profit firm that provides a proprietary network and offers special services that are available only to subscribers.
Internet
A global computer network made up of thousands of privately and publicly owned computers and networks that grew and interlinked, over time, into one giant network; the Internet is a network of networks.
Net
A global computer network made up of thousands of privately and publicly owned computers and networks that grew and interlinked, over time, into one giant network; the Internet is a network of networks.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
A language that allows Web page developers to create their own set of rules to define how data is to be represented on the Web.
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
A language used to create Web pages by combining the flexibility of HTML with Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Dead link
A link to a document or feature that has disappeared and is no longer accessible on the Web.
History list
A list of previously visited Web pages.
Subject guide
A list of related categories such as business, news, or trends that, when selected, displays a page of more related links.
Wireless Internet service provider
A local or national company that provides wireless Internet access to computers and other mobile devices, such as notebooks and smartphones.
Hypertext
A markup language feature that enables objects like text, pictures, music, and programs to be linked to each other.
Digital subscriber line (DSL or xDSL)
A method of Internet access available in the United States that can deliver data transfer rates of 1.54 Mbps or higher.
A method of exchanging messages via the Internet where the message resides in the recipient's mailbox until he or she signs in to read it.
Router
A more complex network device that provides intelligent management for a network; it has the ability to inspect the source and target of a data package and determine the best path to route data.
Phrase searching
A search in which you type a phrase within quotation marks to search for only those documents that contain the exact phrase rather than some or all of the words anywhere in the document.
Browser cache
A section of your hard drive in which copies of Web pages visited for the first time are stored.
Path
A sequence of folders (directories) that leads to a specific file or folder; also, the third part of a complete URL that specifies the location of the document on the server.
Thread
A series of articles that offer a continuing commentary on the same specific subject.
Internet service
A set of standards (protocols) that define how two types of programs—a client, such as a Web browser that runs on the user's computer, and a server—can communicate with each other through the Internet.
Wiki
A simple Web page, which can be public or restricted to specific members, on which any visitor or member can post text or images, read previous posts, change posted information, and track earlier changes.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A string of characters that precisely identifies an Internet resource's type and location.
Exclusion operator
A symbol in a Web search string, usually a minus sign (-), used to instruct the search software to omit displaying results that contain the word or phrase following the exclusion.
Inclusion operator
A symbol in a Web search string, usually a plus sign, used to instruct the search software to only display results that contain the word or phrase following the inclusion operator.
Electronic mailing list
A system that automatically broadcasts messages to all individuals on a mailing list.
Domain Name System (DNS)
A system used by the Internet to link domain names with their corresponding numerical IP addresses, functioning like a phone book for the Internet.
Cable access
A type of broadband Internet connection that uses a television's cable service provider to connect to the Internet.
E-mail address
A unique cyberspace identity for a particular recipient that follows the form [email protected].
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A way that files can be transferred over the Internet that is especially useful when the files are too large to send by e-mail.
Usenet
A worldwide computer-based discussion system accessible through the Internet.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Allows a user to speak to others over a broadband Internet connection instead of traditional analog phone line.
Fiber-optic service
An Internet connection that uses fiber-optic cable.
Flame
An Internet message that expresses an opinion without holding back any emotion and are frequently seen as being confrontational and argumentative.
Podcatcher
An application that can automatically identify and retrieve new podcast files in a given series and make them available through a centrally maintained Web site.
Newsgroup
An online discussion group devoted to a single topic.
Domain name
An organization's unique name on the Internet, which consists of a chosen name combined with a top level domain such as .com or .org or .gov.
E-mail attachment
Any type of computer file—document, photo, audio, or video—that is included with an e-mail message.
Wildcard character
In a query, a character that serves as a placeholder for one or more unknown characters in your criteria; an asterisk (*) represents one or more unknown characters, and a question mark (?) represents a single unknown character.
Home page
On your own computer, the Web page you have selected—or that is set by default—to display on your computer when you start Internet Explorer; when visiting a Web site, the starting point for the remainder of the pages on that site.
Search engine
Programs that make use of databases of the Web pages they have indexed to locate information you requested in a search bar on their Web site.
Link rot
Results from hyperlinks that no longer work and Web pages that have been removed or restructured.
Specialized search engines
Search engines that index specialized information such as names and addresses, job advertisements, quotations, or newspaper articles.
Boolean search
Searches that use logical operators (AND, OR, and NOT) to link the words you are searching for and gain more precise control over your search results.
Netiquette
Short for Internet etiquette, the code for acceptable behavior and manners on the Internet.
Blog
The Internet equivalent of a journal or diary.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Http)
The Internet standard that supports the exchange of information on the Web.
Interoperability
The ability of the Internet to exchange data between computers regardless of the brand, model, or operating system the computers are running.
Home page (index page)
The default page that is displayed automatically when you enter a site at its top level.
Web pages
The documents that make up the World Wide Web and are transported over the Internet.
Top-level domain (TLD) name
The extension such as .com or .edu that follows the host name and indicates the type of group or institution to which the site belongs.
Protocol
The first part of a complete URL.
Resource
The fourth part of a complete URL that specifies name of the file or resource to access.
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
The higher layer of the TCP/IP layer of protocols that defines how one Internet-connected computer can contact another to exchange control and confirmation messages.
Cyberspace
The intangible, nonphysical territory that the Internet encompasses.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The language used to format documents that can be opened using any Web browser.
Network access point (NAP)
The location at which equipment for one network service provider connects with equipment from another provider.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The lower layer of the TCP/IP suite of protocols that handles the addressing scheme used by the Internet and embedded within each packet enabling the packets to reach their destination.
Internet backbone
The main high-speed routes through which data travels.
Host name
The name of the group or institution hosting the site.
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)
The online exchange or trade of goods, services, or information between individual consumers.
World Wide Web (Web or WWW)
The portion of the Internet that contains billions of documents; the Web uses the Internet as its transportation mechanism for documents and resources but is a separate entity.
Commerce
The selling of goods or services with the expectation of making a reasonable profit.
Clickstream
The trail of Web links you have followed to get to a particular site.
E-commerce (electronic commerce)
The use of networks or the Internet to carry out business of any type.
Nesting
The use of parentheses to place one search string inside of another.
Business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C)
The use of the Internet by a business to supply consumers with services, information, or products.
Business-to-business e-commerce (B2B)
The use of the Internet by one business to provide another business with the materials, services, and/or supplies it needs to conduct its operations.
