Cultural Safety

cultural revitalization

- bringing back life to a culture so that it is functioning in healthy ways (aka building a community that is independent)

culturally safe care involves: (3)

- building trust with Indigenous patients and recognizing the role of socioeconomic conditions, history, and politics in health - communicating respect for a patient's beliefs, behaviours, and values - ensures the client or patient is a partner in decision-making

the 3 tiers of poverty for children in Canada based on data from the 2006 census

- first tier - second tier - third tier

what is the Aboriginal Pedagogy?

- hands-on learning by doing/ role models as an imitation - cooperative learning techniques - holistic approach - learning from culture

institutional racism definition and examples

- a pattern of social institutions giving negative treatment to a group of people based on their race - residential schools - social services/ welfare system - 60's scoop - justice and corrections - health - government policies

self- determination

- a way of maintaining your own autonomy

culture (on test for sure)

- always DYNAMIC, variable, and CONTINUALLY CHANGING in any society - is not the "past" or a "static moment" - current cultural values may contain norms and values that are different form historical norms and values -CULTURE IS LEARNED--> knowledge is not genetically inherited, must be transmitted from person to person or generation

critical pedagogy

- always associated with power - educational movement, guided by passion and principle, to help students: - develop consciousness of freedom - recognize authoritarian tendencies - connect knowledge to power - ability to take constructive action

cultural awareness

- awareness of your own and other cultures - identifying and understanding that differences exist - a continual, and evolving process that examines cultures to GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING and awareness of them - primarily awareness of the "other"/ no commitment to change - not effective--> you can be committed to doing something but not taking action

how does nature and nurture affect one's health? (debate 1 and 2)

- health and health risks --> may be hereditary --> health risks may be caused by environment, external stressors, etc. debate 1: - the risk of disease may depend on factors that affect groups occupying SPECIFIC SOCIAL POSITIONS (including positions in the socioeconomic hierarchy and status-role positions) and is directly associated with income debate 2: - the risk of disease may depend on the individuals' or groups' EXPOSURE TO STRESSORS and their ABILITY TO COPE with those stressors (availability of resources) As a result: - environmental factors (history, politics, time) directly affect how culture shapes health and health status of specific populations

7 teachings: honesty

- honesty in facing a situation is to be brave - always be honest in word and action - be honest first with yourself, and you will more easily be able to be honest with others

cultural competency

- mainly a set of skill to examine one's own biases/ reflectivity (self-reflection) - acquiring an adequate and appropriate set of skills, knowledge, attitudes, protocols, approaches, language and experiences, for working with people of "other" cultures

first tier

- poverty rate= 12% - excludes Indigenous, radicalized, and immigrant children in Canada

components of cultural humility: (4)

- self-reflection - willingness to learn from the client - relationship building - the concept of lifelong learning - being modest/ honest

ontology

- study of the nature of existence or of being - the meaning that we give something

cultural restoration

- the rebuilding of cultural institutions, practices, and traditions that have been fragmented or lost

alterity

- the state of being different - "otherness"

epistemology

- the study of knowledge - how do we come to know something? - subjective

7 teachings: wisdom

- to cherish knowledge is to know Wisdom - given by the Creator to be used for the good of the people - also means "prudence", "intelligence", or "knowledge" in different communities

7 teachings: bravery

- to face the foe with INTEGRITY - state of having a fearless heart - to do what is right even when the consequences are unpleasant

7 teachings: respect

- to honour all creation is to have Respect - you must GIVE respect if you wish to BE respected

7 teachings: truth

- to know all of the 7 teachings - SPEAK the truth - do not deceive yourself or others

7 teachings: love

- to know peace is to know Love - must be unconditional - people need love the most when they are WEAK - love must be mutual

7 teachings: humility

- to know yourself as a sacred part of Creation - "compassion" - you are EQUAL to others, but you are NOT BETTER

OCAP principles

- understanding research - health surveillance - privacy - ethics in health research - considerations and templates for ethical research practices - *knowledge has value

pedagogy

- way of teaching - the process of accompanying learners; caring for and about them; bringing learning into life

cultural safety

-* health council of Canada reading is important! - any actions that diminish, demean, or disempower the cultural identity and well being of an individual - analyzes POWER imbalances, institutional discrimination, colonization, and relationships with colonizers, as they apply to health care --> self-reflection and critical reflection are fundamental --> challenge unequal power relations

the 4 R's of Aboriginal Pedagogy

-Respect for who they are - Relevant to their world view - offers Reciprocity in relationships with others - exercises Responsibility over their own lives

structural racism

-refers to social, political institutions and processes of society and the moral and cultural systems that underpin them- to educate or civilize, leads to social exclusion- eradicates them from equal participation in and benefiting from educational, economic, political and health systems- social society, social goods, social production and social consumption

the CNA states that cultural safety enables health care providers to: (7)

1. Improve health care access for patients, aggregates and populations; 2. Acknowledge that we are all bearers of culture; 3. Expose the social, political, and historical contexts of health care; 4. Enable practitioners to consider difficult concepts such as racism, discrimination, and prejudice; 5. Understand that cultural safety is determined by those to whom nurses provide care; 6. Understand the limitations of "culture" in terms of having people access and safely move through health care systems and encounters with care providers; and, 7. Challenge unequal power relations

6 factors associated with cultural continuity include:

1. land claims 2. self-government 3. education services 4. police and fire services 5. health services 6. cultural facilities

the 7 teachings according to Elder Florence (We Love Running Behind Hank's Huge Tits)

1. wisdom 2. love 3. respect 4. bravery 5. honesty 6. humility 7. truth

social determinants of health can include:

gender, early life, education, employment and working conditions, food security, health care services, housing, income and income distribution, social safety net, social exclusion/inclusion, minority status, Indigenous status, unemployment and employment security

second tier

includes: - Metis, Inuit, and non-status Indian children, a child --> poverty rate= 27% - visible minority children--> poverty rate= 22% - immigrant children--> poverty rate= 33%

third tier

includes: - status First Nations children--> poverty rate= 50%

what does OCAP stand for?

ownership, control, access, and possession

nurture

through culture, individuals and groups acquire characteristics such as: - the capacity to represent the external world - think and communicate/ explain their place in the world - maintain group identity through myths and rituals