Culture and Psychology Exam 2

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

Self-esteem is strongly correlated with objective standards of competence of performance

This the tendency to attribute one's success to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors:

Self-serving bias

Jim, a Korean-American jewelry salesman, is asked to identify from a collection of photographs the people he saw on the day his store was robbed. According to research on facial recognition, he is most likely to identify:

Steve, a Korean American customer

What is not one of the characteristics of individualistic cultures (compared to collectivistic)?

Survival of the individuals and the society is more dependent on the successful and effective functioning of the groups rather than the individuals

The idea that people of different cultures all self-enhance but choose to do it in different ways is ____.

Tactical self-enhancement

Cognitive interventions have:

Traditionally focused on examining the rationality or validity of one's beliefs

In order for cultural couples to overcome the conflicts that arise from their different cultural values and expectations, they must:

Be flexible, compromising , and committed

When treating ethnic minorities, it is important to consider how much they have adjusted to mainstream culture, called ___, and how much they hold onto the values and principles of their own group, called ____.

Acculturation status; ethnic identity

According to the World Health Organization, depressed people may have:

All of the above

Which of the following are barriers to intercultural communication?

All of the above

Which of the following is true of people in contact cultures?

All of the above

Which one is not a characteristic of American society based on the independent vs. interdependent self-construal theory?

Americans in the USA have been socialized to prioritize group achievements

Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome?

Amok

According to the book, which two ethnic groups report lower utilization of mental health services and poorer outcomes?

Asian Americans and Native Americans

Which of the following statements about love, sex, and marriage is not universal?

Chastity is an important characteristic in potential husbands

Theories about collectivistic cultures and conformity and obedience would predict that:

Chinese participants would have a higher rate of conformity in Asch's experiment

One study that may support the independent/interdependent self-construal theory used fMRI and found that:

Chinese subjects represented self and mother in the same area of the brain

___ appears ti be as effective for minority groups (as for the European American majority) when it is culturally adapted.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Recent studies demonstrate that bicultural individuals have multiple cultural systems in their minds, and access one of the other depending on the context they are in. This is known as:

Cultural framing switching

What perspective is explained: Culture and psychopathology are inextricably intertwined, and abnormal behaviors can be understood only in the cultural framework within which they occur.

Cultural relativism

In some languages, people use honorific speech - different forms of words based on the status of the person they're talking to. This is an example of:

Culture and pragmatics

Observing nonverbal communication across cultures reveal that expression and interpretation of nonverbal communication is:

Culture specific

What is the most widely used system of classification by psychologists in the U.S?

DSM

The approach used in cross-cultural studies of depression and schizophrenia can be characterized as ___; that is, it assumes universally accepted definitions of abnormality and methodology.

Etic

This refers to prejudice that is verbalized and made public:

Explicit prejudice

Latino communities tend to be more sociocentric than European Americans, and may benefit more from ___ than individual psychotherapy.

Family therapy

Which of the following is a good example of the "immigrant paradox?"

George, who just moved to the Us and is staying with extended family, is less likely to have a mental disorder than his cousins, who were born there.

Timothy is an American on a tour of Europe. While walking and eating ice cream, Timothy collides with a local man and spills his ice cream. He can't speak the language, so he decides to ask if the man is okay by using the A-OK gesture. The European man is likely to:

Get very angry

With regard to the independent construal of self, individuals focus less on ___ than internal attributes.

Group ability

The tendency for immigrant bilinguals to self-identify as members of an ethnic minority group and adopt the behavioral stereotypes held by the majority culture about their minority when they are operating in the language associated with their minority group is referred to as:

Minority group-affiliation hypothesis

Even though James, a Chinese-American, grew up in the USA and is an American citizen, he reports that European Americans often ask him how long ago he moved to the US or what traditions are celebrated in "his country." Sometimes he is told that his English is "really good." This is an example of:

Identity denial

Which is listed in the book as a treatment of abnormal behavior in other cultures?

In China, Taoist and Confucian principles are embedded in psychotherapy

Navajo children were more likely to categorize objects by shape than English-speaking children. This is supposedly because the Navajo language emphasizes the shape of objects. This study supported which of the following theories:

Linguistic Relativity

Which of the following is true?

Many efforts have incorporated local cultural elements into psychotherapies in non-Western countries in order to make therapy more effective.

Which of the following is not one of the three major principles of multicultural competence?

Mastering indigenous healing methods

Pursuing someone who is already in a romantic relationship with someone else is:

Mate poaching

___ are(is) the information and meanings that are exchanged when two or more people communicate. These may be knowledge, ideas, concepts, thoughts, or emotions.

Messages

The stereotype that Asian Americans are overachievers is known as the:

Model Minority Stereotype

Which ethnic group in the US reports the highest amount of mood and anxiety disorders?

Native Americans

___ is a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority. What is this?

Obedience

According to Lopez, ___ may occur when the clinician, unfamiliar with the client's cultural background, incorrectly judges the client's behavior as pathological when in fact the behaviors are normal variations for that individual's culture.

Overpathologizing

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

People think differently due to differences between their languages

___ refer(s) to the system of rules governing how language is used and understood in given social contexts.

Pragmatics

If you go on to training in clinical psychology in the United States, you should:

Reasonably expect that whatever program you go to will have multicultural training as part of its curriculum

Which of the following groups are likely to have the highest rate of PTSD?

Refugees

Which of the following is true? (CH.13)

Research has found that Japanese participants are either as individualistic in their self-construals, or more so, than Western participants

John comes from a culture that believes strongly in the authority of the expert. People in his culture tend to wait for the expert to speak and accept his/her recommendations without question. John may have the most difficult time adapting to which traditional type of therapy?

Rogerian client-centered therapy

According to an expert Working Group, ___ is a valid disorder found in both developed and developing cultures cultures. It has neurobiological basis, is underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and left untreated in many countries.

Schizophrenia

This theory suggests that humans have unique cognitive abilities, so they are the only animals that are aware of the fact that they will die eventually. They are afraid of that inevitable death and employ mental processes that help them deal with that anxiety.

Terror management theory

Which of the following is incorrect? (ch. 14)

There is no universal standard for what is considered attractive