Culture Anthropology ANTH-D002 Study Guide.
Recursion
A feature of language that allows for the generation of variations in sentences by using embedded or added clauses and phrases
Transhumance
A society based on the herding of animals where herds are moved to seasonal pastures.
Horticulture
A type of subsistence strategy is based on simple crop production without the benefit of cultivation and irrigation.
Role
Culturally assigned behavior and expectation for a person's social position.
American society is classified as a rank society.
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Consanguineal relatives across cultures are relatives defined by a society as relatives by marriage.
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Ethnocentrism is the process of learning the characteristics and expectations of a culture or group.
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Heterogeneous cultures are those that exhibit many shared features.
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Horticulturalists have poorer nutrition than foragers because they suffer from protein deficiency owing to lack of meat.
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In a caste system one's position is determined by birth but does not remain fixed for life.
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Mode of production refers to the resources used to produce goods in a society such as land for farming or factories.
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Silent language can be one of the most difficult aspects of another culture to learn because it is not formally taught.
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The AAA Code of Ethics holds that an anthropologist's primary ethical responsibility is toward the institution that provided funding.
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The first step in the descriptive linguistic study of a language is to make a list of words in the language.
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Which statement best describes the difference between magic and religion?
Magic deals primarily with supernatural forces, whereas religion deals primarily with supernatural beings.
A dialect is a variety of speech in a language.
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Balanced reciprocity is the exchange of something with the expectation that something of equal value will be returned within a specific time period.
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Generalized reciprocity refers to giving without expecting a specific thing in return.
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Kinship systems organize people into groups.
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Making value judgments based on your own culture when describing another culture is called ethnocentrism.
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Participant observation is a type of observation in which the anthropologist observes while participating in the same activities in which her informants are engaged.
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Reflexivity is awareness of how one's own position and perspective impact what is observed and how it is evaluated.
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Stratified societies have large differences in the wealth, status, and power of individuals based on unequal access to resources and positions of power.
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The formal rules that guide anthropological behavior toward informants is called the American Anthropological Association Code of Ethics.
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Fieldworkers follow specific ethical standards when conducting research:
The primary ethical responsibility for cultural anthropologists is toward the people with whom they work. Researchers must always be open about the purpose of their projects and their sources of funding. They must never misrepresent themselves to their informants.
Anthropology Other Relativism
The study of humans from a broad perspective. A term that has been used to describe people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviors are "different" from one's own the idea that we should seek to understand another person's beliefs and behaviors from perspective of their own culture and not our own
silent language
all of a culture's nonverbal symbolic systems of communication, including kinesics and proxemics
Goals of research in cultural anthropology include:
describing cultural similarities and differences.
Nation states share all of the following features EXCEPT
stratified social classes.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
the idea that language profoundly shapes the perceptions and world view of its speakers
Proxemics
the study of the use of space in communication
Kinesics
the use of the body to communicate- gestures, posture, and facial expression