Cumulative Exam Cumulative Exam Review

What is the electron configuration of chlorine (Cl)?

1s22s22p63s23p5

What is the chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate?

A. CuSO4

Which is the chemical formula for iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate?

A. FeCl2•4H2O

The volume of a gas decreases to half of its original volume, but the gas maintains the same number of moles and temperature. According to the ideal gas law, what will most likely happen to the pressure?

A. It will double.

The diagram below shows the different phase transitions that occur in matter. Which best describes the process that arrow 1 represents?

A.Molecules are speeding up during boiling.

Rita divides Avogadro's number (approximately 6.022 * 1023) by 2.0550 to calculate the number of atoms in a sample. Which expression gives her result to the correct number of significant figures?

B. 2.930 * 1023.

What is a three-dimensional structure that represents the alternating pattern of particles in a crystal?

B. A crystal lattice.

The diagrams show the particles of a substance. Which statement best describes the process that the diagrams show?

B. A solid gains kinetic energy to become a liquid and then becomes a gas.

Which describes the polarity in a water molecule?

B. Partial negative charge on the oxygen atom because it pulls electrons from the hydrogen atoms.

A plate of the steel hull of a ship develops a large crack when the ship strikes a reef. Analysis of the steel's composition shows higher-than-normal levels of an element that could explain why the plate cracked instead of bending. Which element is most likely suspected?

B. Sulfur

Which best explains why scientific ideas lack scientific consensus?

B. They are new ideas.

Who reported four "element" classifications, but included some substances that were combinations of elements rather than true elements in his listing?

C. Antoine Lavoisier.

Which element has the lowest ionization energy?

C. Cesium (Cs).

Consider the equation for the formation of water. What is the theoretical yield of H2O if 130 g of H2O is produced from 18 g of H2 and an excess of O2?

D. 160 g

Nitrogen dioxide, a major air pollutant, can be produced by the combustion of nitrogen oxide as shown. In a plant, 1,500 kg of nitrogen oxide is consumed per day to produce 1,500 kg of nitrogen dioxide per day. What is the percent yield?

D. 65.2%

The chemical equation below shows the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). A chemist who is performing this reaction starts with 160.1 g of NH4NO3. The molar mass of NH4NO3 is 80.03 g/mol; the molar mass of water (H2O) is 18.01 g/mol. What mass, in grams, of H2O is produced?

D. 72.06

Dani wants to measure the volume of a pebble. Which tool will give the most accurate measurement?

D. A graduated cylinder.

A researcher is collecting qualitative data pertaining to social behaviors of deer at different times of the day. How will she most likely need to organize this data?

D. In a data table.

A student is creating a table that compares theories, hypotheses, and laws. Theory Hypothesis Law Is testable Is falsifiable Is used to make predictions Provides explanations In which row should the student enter "Yes" in the columns for Theory and Hypothesis only?

D. Provides explanations.

Which physical method can separate a mixture of steel ball bearings and marbles?

D. Sorting

Which description indicates that a question is nonscientific?

D. The question relies on moral or social values.

Read the observation, question, and hypothesis. Observation: Hotter water seems to produce more bubbles than cold water when it is mixed with dish soap. Question: Does water temperature affect the amount of bubbles that are produced from dish soap? Hypothesis: Hot water produces more bubbles than cold water when it is mixed with dish soap. D'Angela will mix soap and water in a clean beaker four times. To test her hypothesis, which conditions should change or remain the same each time?

D. The type of soap should remain the same, but the temperature of the water should change.

Which statement describes the electron sea model for metallic bonding?

D. This model is the simplest model.

A can of soda contains many ingredients, including vanilla, caffeine, sugar, and water. Which ingredient is the solvent?

D. Water

Which is a set of valid quantum numbers?

D. n = 4, l = 3, m = 3