CYU- CH 44, 45, 47, 51, 52

A risk factor for osteoporosis is a.early menopause. b.ovarian cysts. c.endometriosis. d.late menopause.

A

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be a.firm, crystallized nodules or "tophi" at the affected joints. b.systemic manifestations of inflammation. c.localized pain in weight-bearing joints. d.reduced excretion of uric acid by the kidney.

B

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be a.free water restriction. b.bed rest. c.head elevation. d.hypoventilation.

D

The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age a.68. b.8. c.23. d.44.

B

Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which a.bleeding from venules fills the subdural space. b.focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles c.injury is localized to the site of initial impact. d.widespread neuronal damage is incurred.

B

Bone healing may be impaired by a.excessive vitamin C. b.nicotine use. c.immobilization. d.a high-protein diet.

B

In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with a.debilitating joint pain and stiffness. b.systemic aching in the musculoskeletal system. c.improvement in symptoms with aspirin therapy. d.changes in activities of daily living.

B

Pain in fibromyalgia involves a.muscle inflammation. b.changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord. c.nerve inflammation. d.autoimmune destruction of muscle tissue.

B

Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt a.on the same side of the body. b.within the same dermatome. c.within 10 to 15 cm area. d.with slightly less intensity.

B

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves a.collagen breakdown in the bone matrix. b.inadequate mineralization in the osteoid. c.crowding of cells in the osteoid. d.increased osteoclast activity.

B

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a.elevated serum calcium level. b.positive microsomal antibodies. c.positive antinuclear antibodies. d.elevated monoclonal antibody titer.

C

Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of a.subdural hemorrhage. b.meningitis. c.subarachnoid hemorrhage. d.embolic stroke.

C

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of a.Alzheimer disease. b.multiple sclerosis. c.Parkinson disease. d.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

C

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of a.contractile tissue injury. b.vascular insufficiency. c.noncontractile tissue injury. d.skeletal muscle damage.

C

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed a.focal. b.partial. c.generalized. d.complex.

C

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including a.degeneration of basal ganglia. b.hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons. c.deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain. d.significant aluminum deposits in the brain.

C

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is a.rash. b.painless nodules. c.polyarthritis. d.cardiac murmur.

C

The most common type of osteomyelitis is a.contiguous focus. b.direct invasion. c.hematogenous. d.Brodie abscess.

C

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of a.myasthenia gravis. b.multiple sclerosis. c.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. d.Guillain-Barré syndrome.

C

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells? a.Epileptic b.Partial c.Absence d.Idiopathic

C

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with a.chronic diarrhea. b.irritable bowel syndrome. c.chronic constipation. d.inflammatory bowel disease.

D

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called a.arthritis. b.tendinitis. c.epicondylitis. d.bursitis.

D

Modulation of pain signals is thought to be mediated by the release of a.histamine. b.cholecystokinin. c.glutamine. d.endorphins.

D

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are a.autoimmune in nature. b.easily prevented and managed. c.demyelinating focused. d.genetically transmitted.

D

Pain is thought of as a.always the result of tissue damage that activates nociceptors. b.experienced in the same way by all individuals. c.associated with changes in vital signs reflecting its intensity. d.a subjective experience that is difficult to measure objectively.

D

Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of a.arthritis. b.defective replacement material. c.injury to the joint. d.hematogenous transfer.

D

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is a.thrombotic versus embolic cause. b.age of the patient. c.location of ischemia. d.ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause.

D

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis? a.There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans. b.MS is more common in men than women. c.There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans. d.The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.

D

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission? a.Increased rate of action potential conduction b.Slower rate of action potential conduction c.Facilitation of action potential initiation d.Faster rate of repolarization

B

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency? a.Osteomyelitis b.Osteomalacia c.Osteoporosis d.Osteopenia

B

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is a.development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum. b.blood vessel growth at the fracture site. c.migration of osteoblasts to the fracture site. d.leukocyte infiltration into bone tissue.

A

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of a.neural tube defects. b.hydrocephalus. c.cerebral palsy. d.seizure disorders.

A

It is true that epidural bleeding is a.characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury. b.located between the arachnoid and the dura mater. c.usually because of venous leakage. d.associated with widespread vascular disruption.

A

Paget's disease is characterized by a.excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone. b.failure of resorption by osteoclasts resulting in hard bones. c.inflammatory disorder resulting in fusion of spine joints. d.overactivity of osteoblasts leading to multiple bone tumors.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be a.an autoimmune process. b.because of an enzymatic defect. c.an infective process. d.caused by bacterial infection.

A

The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called a.subluxation. b.sublimation. c.dislocation. d.subjugation

A

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called a.tophaceous gout. b.complicated gout. c.asymptomatic hyperuricemia. d.gouty arthritis.

A

The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is a.blood pressure control. b.thrombolytics. c.anticoagulation. d.management of dysrhythmias.

A

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by a.absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury. b.autonomic dysreflexia. c.motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury. d.reflex urination and defecation.

A

Tophi are a.deposits of urate crystals in tissues. b.spots that coalesce in a malar rash. c.renal calculi composed of uric acid. d.painful edematous joints.

A