DC Sociology Exam 2 Ch. 5-8

_____ occurs when minority group members are prejudiced against themselves or their own group.

Internalized racism

Mateo is an accountant with a college degree, a license from the state accounting board, and a job at the Department of Defense as a senior auditor. He makes about $100,000 per year and will soon retire with benefits and a pension. To what class would you expect him to belong?

Upper-middle class

In what year did the Supreme Court rule that laws against interracial marriage were unconstitutional?

1967

Which of the following authority figures still derives legitimacy from traditional sources?

A parent

What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced pluralism or multiculturalism?

A salad bowl

Emile Durkheim worried that individuals would feel less connected to groups in an increasingly fragmented modern world, which would lead to ____.

Anomie or normlessness

Sociologists define ethnicity ____.

As a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage

Race is defined by sociologists ____.

As a social category based on real or perceived biological differences

What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?

Assimilation

All green-eyed people in the United States would be classified as a ____.

Category

Regarding racial categories, modern science has determined that ___.

Biologically, there is no such thing as a pure race

Samantha believes that corporations are not punished enough for polluting the planet, manufacturing unsafe products, and manipulating prices, while, at the same time, homeless people are punished too much for crimes such as stealing food. She believes we should all have access to basic needs like food regardless of wealth. Samantha has taken a _____ perspective to explain the way deviance is viewed in society.

Conflict Theory

Halloween costume makers and retailers make generous profits from selling costumes that allow their wearers to dress as American Indians. What are they engaging in by profiting from the stereotypical display of marginalized groups without fully understanding and appreciating the culture?

Cultural appropriation

___ refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" or learn from their parents, which help them achieve material success in life.

Cultural capital

When a person uses electronic or social media to tease, harass, threaten, or humiliate someone, it is referred as ___.

Cyberbullying

Sociologists call the awareness of our own and others' class statuses ___.

Everyday class consciousness

What kind of leadership style is typically expected of women in contemporary society?

Expressive

Our social networks include only those with whom we identify and interact with regularly.

False

Primary groups tend to be temporary.

False

Being born into a lower social class means that an individual will be more likely to ____.

Feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement

Members of a ____ interact with one another and think of themselves a belonging together.

Group

What term describes the tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in background and group membership?

Homogamy

The 'Jim Crow" laws, which mandated separate facilities for white people and Black people, were an example of ___.

Institutional discrimination

Brazilians employ many racial categories, such as moreno, mulato, neguinho, and pretinho, Most of these terms do not have an equivalent in the United States. What does this tell you?

Race is a social construct

An example of an aggregate is a ____.

Line of people waiting to buy movie tickets

A state is called ___ when white people comprise less than half the population.

Majority-minority

Which of the following companies did George Ritzer view as emblematic of the spread of bureaucratic rationalization?

McDonald's

What term did sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life?

McDonaldization

Which term describes the slights, insults, and misperceptions directed at members of a minority group that play out in everyday interactions?

Microaggressions

Which term refers to romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races?

Miscegenation

Critical race theory explores the relationship between race and what two other concepts?

Politics and power

The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of ___.

Prejudice

What would a sociologists call the belief that members of one racial group are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than members of another racial group?

Prejudice

The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include ___.

Property, power, and prestige

What is it called when individuals live as if they were members of a different racial category than the one into which they were born?

Racial passing

The issue associated with race and ethnicity that Chris Rock's "driving while Black" selfies represent is____.

Racial profiling

What defines white people as the dominant racial group in California despite demographic shifts?

They have more power, resources, and representation in social institutions.

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to increased group cohesion?

Shared values

What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of society?

Social inequality

Pierre Bourdieu studied ___, which is the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time.

Social reproduction

Which term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

Social stratification

Members of a fraternity believe that they help create social cohesion by bringing together students with shared values. What perspective best describes their views?

Structural Functionalism

What do sociologists call it when large numbers of people move up or down the social class ladder as a result of changes to society as a whole?

Structural mobility

Which of the following is a quality of charismatic leaders?

They possess extraordinary personal qualities

In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice against Irish immigrants and their descendants. What does this tell you about the history of the Irish in the United States?

The Irish were once considered to be a separate race

What was the Asch experiment measuring?

The power of peer pressure

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

There is virtually no chance of social mobility

W. I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real, ____

They are real in their consequences

Sociologists define a minority group as a group ____.

With members who are denied access to power and resources

Imagine that a powerful and influential person living in San Francisco decides to tattoo most of her face with symbols. Would she be seen as deviant?

Yes, but only because she lives in the United States where face tattoos are not the norm.