DE Biology - Mastering Biology Chapter 15 Pearson
Which of the following correctly describes some aspect of exocytosis or endocytosis?
Exocytosis and endocytosis temporarily change the surface area of the plasma membrane.
A red blood cell has been placed into three different solutions. One solution is isotonic to the cell, one solution is hypotonic to the cell, and one solution is hypertonic to the cell. Determine which type of solution is in each beaker based on the cell's reaction. Drag each item to the appropriate bin.
For a cell in an isotonic solution, water flows into the cell to the same extent that it flows out of the cell. If a cell is in a hypotonic solution, water flows into the cell, which causes it to swell and potentially burst. For a cell in a hypertonic solution, water flows out of the cell, which causes it to shrink.
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Most prokaryotic cells have no internal membranes; eukaryotic cells do.
A white-eyed female Drosophila is crossed with a red-eyed male Drosophila. Which statement below correctly describes the results?
None of the females will have white eyes.
Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
O2
Select the correct statement about osmosis.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Which of the following statements is true regarding potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy possessed by matter due to its location or structure.
A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will decrease in volume?
Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch
A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will increase in volume?
Solution D: 12.4% (m/v) NaCl Submit
Which of the following is true of an X-linked gene, but not of a Y-linked gene?
The gene is present in both males and females.
In humans, what determines the sex of offspring and why?
The male gamete determines sex because each male gamete can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome.
How do membrane phospholipids interact with water?
The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?
The presence of aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane) should speed up the process of osmosis.
Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in which of the following ways?
Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not require cellular energy.
In what way do membranes vary among eukaryotic cells?
Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?
Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
Which of the following statements about a typical plasma membrane is correct?
The two sides of the plasma membrane have different lipid and protein composition.
Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?
There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink in a process called crenation. A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell and potentially burst in a process called hemolysis. To prevent crenation or hemolysis, a cell must be placed in an isotonic solution such as 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose. This does not mean that a cell has a 5.0% (m/v) glucose concentration; it just means that 5.0% (m/v) glucose will exert the same osmotic pressure as the solution inside the cell, which contains several different solutes. A red blood cell is placed into each of the following solutions. Indicate whether crenation, hemolysis, or neither will occur.Solution A: 3.21% (m/v) NaClSolution B: 1.65% (m/v) glucoseSolution C: distilled H2OSolution D: 6.97% (m/v) glucoseSolution E: 5.0% (m/v) glucose and 0.9%(m/v) NaCl Drag each solution to the appropriate bin.
This activity shows why it is very important to use solutions that are isotonic to body fluids in intravenous solutions (IVs). If an IV solution were hypertonic to the body fluids, cells in the body would shrink. If an IV solution were hypotonic to the body fluids, cells in the body would swell.
In facilitated diffusion, what is the role of the transport protein?
Transport proteins provide a hydrophilic route for the solute to cross the membrane.
The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is ________.
a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis Submit
If the concentration of phosphate in the cytosol is 2.0 mM and the concentration of phosphate in the surrounding fluid is 0.1 mM, how could the cell increase the concentration of phosphate in the cytosol?
active transport
What results if a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome at the same place but in the reverse direction?
an inversion
Which of the following results in a situation in which the chromosome number is either 2n+1 or 2n-1?
aneuploidy
Which of the following molecules dramatically increases the rate of diffusion of water across cell membranes?
aquaporins
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids _____.
can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly
embedded in a lipid bilayer.
How are human mitochondria inherited?
from the mother only
What phenomenon occurs when a particular allele will either be expressed or silenced, depending on whether it is inherited from a male or a female?
genomic imprinting
What can we observe in order to visualize Mendel's Law of Segregation?
homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis I
In general, the frequency with which crossing over occurs between two linked genes depends on what?
how far apart they are on the chromosome
Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis?
movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
Hydrophobic substances like salad oil are
nonpolar molecules that repel water molecules.
Which of the following processes includes all others?
passive transport
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
small and hydrophobic
Which of the following are least likely to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane?
small ions
The permeability of a biological membrane to a specific polar solute depends primarily on which of the following?
the types of transport proteins in the membrane
Which of the following best describes the structure of a biological membrane?
two layers of phospholipids with proteins either crossing the layers or on the surface of the layers Submit
What name is given to the most common phenotype in a natural population?
wild type
