Decision Support Systems Overview of Decision Support Systems
What does the right information refer to? Select all that apply. Evidence-based Arriving at the right time The only logical choice Right end-user (clinician, patient, etc.) Based on a national performance measure
(Correct) Evidence-based The right information refers to being evidence-based. Arriving at the right time Although the information dissemination should be timely, it is not a task related to the right information. The only logical choice Although CDS makes choices based on evidence-based information and national performance measures as well as the addition of other factors, health care providers may continue to think critically about the CDS information. (Correct) Right end-user (clinician, patient, etc.) The right information also refers so the right end-user. The right end-user varies. It could be a nurse receiving information pertinent to direct patient care. Or, it could be housekeeping receiving a cleaning request. The right person (right end-user) varies. (Correct) Based on a national performance measure It is important that clinical decision making is based on an evidence-based or national performance measure.
Which outcomes can be anticipated with the uniform implementation of CDS? Select all that apply. Improved efficacy Lowered workload Enhanced outcomes Increased patient satisfaction Increased quality of care
(correct) Improved efficacy It can be anticipated that health care providers will be able to work more efficiently with CDS. (incorrect) Lowered workload Workload (and patient load) is not expected to decrease with the implementation of CDS. It is not a function of CDS. (correct) Enhanced outcomes Clear decisions based on evidence will likely enhance outcomes. (correct) Increased patient satisfaction Patients and their families may experience greater satisfaction with an efficient system and critical thinking coupled with CDS. (correct) Increased quality of care Increased quality of care is anticipated because of uniform implementation of CDS.
What does a clinical decision support (CDS) provide to clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals? Select all that apply. Knowledge Family considerations Past charting documents Person-specific information Intelligently filtered information
(correct) Knowledge CDS provides knowledge to the clinician for timely and accurate decision making. (incorrect) Family considerations Family considerations are important for care planning, but it is not the focus of CDS. (incorrect) Past charting documents Past information may be included in CDS, but the focus is on current data to allow sound decision making. (correct) Person-specific information CDS provides patient or person-specific information. (correct) Intelligently filtered information The information is intelligently filtered for optimal decision making.
How does an information system provide information? By incorporation of clinician experience By considering the knowledge of experts By providing analysis using a rule-based system By allowing the clinician to adjust the output of CDS
By incorporation of clinician experience While clinical experience is important and should be considered, it is not incorporated into the clinical decision-making algorithms. By considering the knowledge of experts Expert knowledge is an important consideration, but clinical decision making is a rule-based system. (correct) By providing analysis using a rule-based system An information system is based on a set of rules for analysis. By allowing the clinician to adjust the output of CDS It might be tempting to edit or delete output of CDS if expert knowledge and clinical experience do not reflect the same conclusions. However, the output of a CDS should not be manipulated or changed in any way.
Which of these are part of CDS during data-entry tasks? Relevant data summaries Multi-patient monitors Order sets, care plans, and protocols Expert work up and management advisors
Relevant data summaries Relevant data summaries are part of CDS during data-review tasks but not data-entry tasks. Multi-patient monitors Multi-patient monitors are part of CDS during data-review tasks. Correct Order sets, care plans, and protocols Order sets, care plans, and protocols encourage corrected and efficient ordering. They also promote evidence-based best practices and are a part of data-entry tasks. Expert work up and management advisorsExpert work up and management is a part of CDS during assessment and understanding tasks.
How do clinical decision making support systems enhance care? Through a rule-based system that rations care By consideration of all knowledge and expertise of previous clinicians Through rule-based decisions and recommendations in addition to clinical expertise and knowledge By overriding clinical expertise and knowledge to deliver the same care for all patients
Through a rule-based system that rations care CDS is not intended to provide insight for rationing of care but ensures that the patient is receiving optimal care. An alert may suggest flu vaccination when the patient has overlooked this need and the primary care provider is unaware. By consideration of all knowledge and expertise of previous clinicians Knowledge and expertise are considered through evidence-based practice which is applied to CDS. However, CDS is a rule-based system. (Correct) Through rule-based decisions and recommendations in addition to clinical expertise and knowledge Clinical decision making is a rule-based system that produces clinical decisions and recommendations. These decisions and recommendations are considered with clinical expertise and knowledge. However, output should not be altered or deleted. By overriding clinical expertise and knowledge to deliver the same care for all patients Clinical expertise and knowledge are considered in care so that CDS does not override the health care provider. However, CDS is an important tool that ensures that each patient is provided with optimal care. While care is optimal for each patient, it is not exactly the same, but is personalized.
