Dendrology: Tree Growth
The purpose of roots is to _______ the tree and to _________ water and nutrients.
anchor & absorb
What form of reproduction are suckers and sprouts?
asexual
What type of trees tend to sprout from cut trunks?
broad-leaved
Flowers that have sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil are:
complete flowers
The purpose of the trunk is to ______ water and nutrients from the roots to the crown.
conduct
The bark is formed by a thin layer of cells called the...
cork cambium
Species with male and female flowers on separate trees are called...
dioecious plants
Trees that are well-spaced or have abundant rainfall will grow _____ and produce rings that are _____________.
faster & wider
What sex are the cones on conifers?
female
The male part of the flower is made up of the...
filament and the anther
What are root hairs and what is their function?
fine, hair-like roots that absorb water and nutrients from the soil
The older dark-colored center portion of a tree is called...
heartwood
Flowers that lack one of the four main parts are...
incomplete flowers
Roots that grow horizontally from the tree are:
lateral roots
The crown serves as the _______ part of the tree.
manufacturing
Plants with male and female flowers on the same tree are called...
monoecious plants
Pine trees lack root hairs so what do they need to serve their function?
mycorrhiza / mycorrhizae fungi
The living tissue is protected by the dead, nonfunctioning layer called...
outer bark
The part of the flower that becomes the fruit is the...
ovary
The process of converting carbon dioxide and water into food for the tree using the energy of the sun is ...
photosynthesis
As a whole, the female part of the flower is the...
pistil
Cones, acorns, and ______ are all examples of seeds.
pods
The male sex cells are contained in the...
pollen produced by the anther
In order for seeds to form, what must take place?
pollination
The process of a tree consuming oxygen is...
respiration
The age of a tree can be determined by looking at a trunk cross-section and counting the ________ because each year produces _________.
rings/annual rings & one growth ring
The small branches that form off the main root are...
rootlets
Suckering is the sending up of shoots from...
roots
The three main parts of a tree are:
roots trunk crown
The light portion of a tree cross-section is living and it is called...
sapwood
The three main ways trees reproduce are by:
seeds sprouts suckers
Trees that are closely-spaced or subjected to drought will grow _____ and produce rings that are ____________.
slower & narrow
The light-colored area of a tree's growth ring is called...
springwood
Collectively the male part of the flower is the...
stamen
Sprouts grow from...
stems
Water leaves the tree through leaf pores called...
stomata
In addition to carrying nutrients, the living portion also serves as _________ for food synthesized in the leaves.
storage
The wood at the core of the tree is dead so its purpose is only to provide...
strength
The dark-colored area of a tree's growth ring is called...
summerwood
A large main root that grows straight into the ground is called...
tap root
The part of the crown that grows in height is the...
terminal bud
Most of the water carried to the crown enters the atmosphere as ________ through a process known as __________.
vapor & transpiration
Trees with shallow root systems or in heavily cut-over areas are at risk for...
windfall
A tree is a _______ plant that has a well-defined stem and a formed crown usually at least 8 feet tall.
woody
