Dental Anatomy Chapter 1

How many incisors are present in the complete adult dentition?

8

How many molars are present in the primary dentition?

8

How many teeth are present in one quadrant of a complete adult (permanent) dentition

8

molar

class of teeth designed to chew food: located sixth, seventh, and eighth from the midline in each quadrant of the permanent dentition, a first molar, second molar, then third molar, and located fourth and fifth from the midline in the primary dentition: a first molar, then second molar.

incisor

class of teeth designed to incise food; located first and second from the midline in each quadrant: central incisor and then lateral incisor

types of teeth

classification that distinguishes different teeth within a class: incisors have two types, a central and lateral; premolars have first and second; and molars have a firs, second, and third

interdental/interproximal papilla

collar of free gingiva which, in health, fills the interproximal space or gingival embrasure

free gingiva

collar of tissue that surrounds each tooth with a potential space (sulcus) between it and the tooth; includes free gingiva and interdental papillae

incisal edge

cutting surface or edge of anterior teeth

mixed dentition

dentition with a mix of permanent and primary teeth; normally occurs between the ages of about 6-12

gingival margin

edge of gingiva closest to the biting surface of the tooth

dentition

all of the teeth in the mouth; primary, permanent, or mixed

labial surface

anterior tooth surface closest to the lip

alveolar bone

bone that surrounds the tooth roots

cementum

external layer of calcified tissue that covers the tooth root

What is the fourth tooth from the midline in the primary dentition?

first molar

primary dentition

first set of 20 teeth that erupt between about 6 months and 2 years, also called deciduous dentition

occlusal surface

chewing surface of posterior teeth bounded by the joining of two marginal ridges and all mesial and distal cusp ridges

premolars

class of permanent teeth designed to chew food, located fourth and fifth from the midline in each quadrant, anterior to molars: a first premolar and second premolar

classes (of teeth)

four categories or groups of teeth based on similar shape and function, namely, incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

enamel

hard, mineralized outer layer of a tooth crown

apical foramen

holes near the root tip where nerves and vessels enter the pulp

periodontal probe

instrument designed to measure the depth of a gingival sulcus

cementodentinal junction

junction between cementum and dentin, cannot be seen on an intact tooth

cervical line

junction between enamel and cementum; also called cementoenamel junction

dentinoenamel junction

junction between enamel and dentin

attached gingiva

keratinized gingiva firmly bound to underlying bone; extends from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction

line angle

linear junction between two external tooth surfactes or two cavity preparation walls

midline (of the dental arch)

location between right and left central incisors (separating right and left quadrants)

quadrant

one quarter of the teeth in the mouth, that is, the teeth in the right or left side of each arch

self-cleansing

parts of a tooth exposed to the natural rubbing action of the lips, cheeks, and tongue

point angles

point formed at the junction of three external tooth surfaces, or three adjacent cavity preparation walls

pulp/root canal

portion of the pulp cavity located within the roots of teeth

anatomic root

portion of the tooth covered with cementum

anatomic crown

portion of the tooth covered with enamel

cervix of a tooth

portion of tooth crown and rood adjacent to the cervical line

gingival sulcus

potential space between free gingiva and the tooth

In a permanent dentition, the fifth tooth from the midline is a ____________

premolar

What class of teeth is present in the permanent dentition that is NOT present in the primary dentition?

premolars

The posterior teeth in the permanent dentition include what?

premolars and molars

distal surface

related to the tooth surface farther form the arch midline; on the opposite side from the mesial tooth surface

mesial surface

related to the tooth surface nearer to the center of te dental arch

Which permanent tooth erupts into the space previously held by the primary second molar?

second premolar

gingiva

soft tissue overlying the bone that surrounds tooth roots

pulp cavity

space in the inner portion of the tooth filled with nerves and blood supply to the tooth made up of pulp canals and a pulp chamber

facial surface

surface of a tooth toward the face, or toward the cheeks

buccal surface

surface of posterior teeth closest to the cheeks

palatal surface

surface of upper teeth closest to the palate

universal numbering system

system endorsed by the American Dental Association to identify each tooth: using numbers 1-32 for permanent teeth and letters A-T for primary teeth

Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)

system used in many countries to identify each tooth: using numbers 1-8 to denote each of the eight permanent and primary quadrants, plus 1-8 to denote each tooth within the quadrant

palmer notation system

system used to identify each tooth used in many orthodontic offices: using different bracket shapes to denote each quadrant and numbers 1-8 or letters A-E to denote each tooth in that permanent or primary quadrant

posterior teeth

teeth in the back of the mouth, namely, premolars and molars

anterior teeth

teeth in the front of the mouth, namely, incisors and canines

mandibular arch

teeth in the lower jawbones that form an arch shape

maxillary arch

teeth in the upper jawbones that form an arch shape

permanent dentition

the adult set of teeth that begin erupting around age 6. also called secondary dentition

canine

the class of teeth located third from the midline in each quadrant

periodontium

the tissues that surround, envelop, or embed the teeth

periodontal ligament

thin band of tissue connecting cementum of the tooth root and alveolar bone. includes apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers

Fill in the blanks: If you are referring to the Universal tooth 27, what is its position from the midline? ______ What is its arch? ________ In which quadrant is it located?_______

third; mandibular; lower right (4)

pulp

tissue in the middle of the tooth containing nerves and vessels and surrounded by dentin

lingual surface

tooth surface closest to the tongue. on teeth in the upper arch next to the palate, also called palatal surface

proximal surface

tooth surface that in ideal alignment touches an adjacent tooth

dentin

tooth tissue underlying the enamel and cementum; surrounds the pulp cavity

lateral incisor

type of incisor located lateral to the central incisor in each quadrant

central incisor

type of incisor located next to the midline in each quadrant

first molar

type of molar located closest to the midline in each quadrant

second molar

type of molar located one tooth behind (distal to) the first molar in each quadrant

What are the universal numbers of the permanent mandibular first molars?

#19 & #30

if you read an article in a British dental journal that refers to tooth number 48, you would suspect that the authors were using the international numbering system. What universal number would they be talking about?

#32

Using the Universal numbering system, what numbers are used to identify maxillary canines?

#6 & #11

Ho many molars are present in each arch of the adult dentition?

3

How many teeth are present in one arch of the primary dentition?

10

How many teeth are present in one arch of the adult dentition?

16

cementoenamel junction

Junction between enamel and cementum; also called cervical line and abbreviated CEJ.

pulp chamber

wider portion of the pulp cavity closer to the crown