DEP3404 Chapter2

According to the plasticity principle in development, individuals can alter the course of their own development by:

engaging in physical and mental exercise

According to one random error theory of aging, the _________ are unstable molecules that bond to other molecules, causing cells to misfuntion.

free radicals

The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers scan the entire genome looking for signs of genetic disorders is known as what type of study?

genome-wide association

The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers study the entire genomes of family members who seem to have a higher risk of developing a particular disorder is known as what type of study?

genome-wide linkage

The view that development is best viewed as continuous throughout life is referred to as the __________ perspective

life span

[As discussed in class], mice with mitochondrial DNA defects show what effects on aging?

loss of muscle and spine strength.

In the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, which type of system has the most direct impact on the individual?

microsystem

The changes that take place over time, according to the ecological model of development, fall into the realm of the:

chronosystem

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes:

culture, nationality, and the economic structure.

The Gompertz curve shows the relationship between:

death rate and age

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to:

destruction of the ends of chromosomes

As proposed by terror management theory, the cause of ageism can be traced to:

the anxiety that people feel about their own deaths.

People who find it difficult to establish long-lasting, mutually satisfying, close relationships would be considered, in Erikson's theory, to be high on which specific quality?

Isolation

The ageist stereotype that older adults are "past their sell-by date," according to the World Health Organization, is refuted by the fact that:

a 100-year-old Canadian woman completed a marathon in Toronto.

A young woman joins her college's intramural tennis team because it's a sport she always wanted to try but had no opportunities to do so. It turns out that she's virtually a natural and soon advances to the top of the varsity team's roster. This example illustrates which process in in individual-environment interactions?

accommodation

In the process called identity ______________, people are able to accept negative information about themselves as part of their sense of self without feeling unduly disturbed or devastated.

accommodation

When people are first confronted with new ideas or approaches, they often resist accepting them and instead use their existing schemas or ways of responding. According to Piaget, this process is called:

assimilation

A 35-year-old woman feels concerned about her career because she believes that, by this age, she should have advanced further than she has by now. Her concern would be best explained by which theoretical approach to understanding development?

life course

The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that:

value people for the amount they can produce and contribute to society.

Researchers are identifying a possible genetic candidate for determining longevity known as the _________ gene.

FOXO

According to the biological theory known as error catastrophe, the most significant effects of aging involve which structure in the cell?

Mitochondrial DNA

According to the World Health Organization, which is one of the stereotypes about aging?

Older people are helpless and unable to care for themselves.

Which model of development emphasizes the influence you have on the other people in your home, school, and community?

Reciprocal

The multiple jeopardy hypothesis proposes that ageism will be most severe for people who have which characteristic?

Being from more than one category of minority status.

Organismic models of development are most likely to include which types of aging theories?

Biological

The idea that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to leave behind their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory?

Disengagement

The ________ curve illustrates the relationship between death rate and age for different species.

Gompertz

A person using the process of identity balance would have which reaction to age-related changes in physical functioning?

Maintaining a stable view of self despite the change.

Researchers studying caloric restriction find that rats fed on diets low in total calories:

have longer lifespans

A man in his 50s finds that he does his best work when he allows himself to daydream or even take a break and play a video game. According to Erikson, this man would be high in the quality of

initiative

In the Whitehall II study, the fact that social class was related to physical functioning provided a demonstration of which type of influence on development in Bronfrenbrenner's model?

Adaptational

In the Selective Optimization with ____________ model, older adults are proposed to cut down on the abilities they are weak and make up with the abilities on which they show greater potential for improvement.

Compensation

An older adult couple in your neighborhood retired from their jobs as teachers but continue to work in the community as school volunteers. It seems as if they enjoy maintaining similar roles that they had when they were working. They would be a good example of which role satisfaction theory of aging?

Continuity

An older adult faced with issues pertaining to autonomy vs. shame and doubt, in Erikson's theory, might be confronting which situation?

Having to move to a nursing home instead of being able to live independently.

People who resolve the industry vs. inferiority issue associated with Erikson's psychosocial theory unfavorably are likely to have difficulty in which area of development?

Identifying with the work ethic

A 70-year-old who refuses to think of herself as hearing impaired even though she truly has difficulty hearing conversations at ordinary levels, would be considered to show which identity process?

Identity assimilation

The greatest emphasis on the environment is associated with which model of development?

Mechanistic

In Erikson's theory, which of the following behaviors would be considered specific to a person high in generativity?

Mentoring a younger colleague.

The selective optimization with compensation model proposes that older adults engage in what type of behavior when faced with loss?

Try to put more energy into the abilities which they care about the most.

In process called identity ______________, people are able to accept negative information about themselves as part of their sense of self without feeling unduly disturbed or devastated.

accommodation

A research lab that focuses on studying the aging process is attempting to find the specific set of genes that control aging at the cellular level. It is likely that the researchers in this lab are operating from the ____________ model of development.

organismic

Research on genetic explanations of behavior suggests that stress during a mother's pregnancy can lead to changes in the _______ of the developing child's body.

proteins

Some research evidence suggests that drinking red wine can slow the aging because it contains:

resveratrol

To indicate a broadening of our understanding of changes in individuals over time, the term developmental _____________ is increasingly becoming used in the field.

science

The feeling that a person is able to succeed at a specific type of task is referred to as ______________

self-efficacy

In genome-wide association studies on genetic causes of aging, researchers are seeking to identify genetic variations in sequences of amino acids known as:

single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).

The idea of being "on-time" or "off-time" in achieving major life goals is considered an important element of adjustment in the __________ model.

social clock

The multiple threshold model of aging predicts that people will experience challenges to their identities as they get older in a ______________ manner.

sudden

The ends of the chromosome lost with repeating cell replications that are thought to underlie the aging process are called the:

telomeres