(DEP4164) Chapter 15
69. The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is _____. A. marijuana B. crack cocaine C. heroin D. LSD
A. marijuana
52. The brain's natural sleep cycle is controlled by the hormone called _____. A. melatonin B. ceratonin C. DHEA D. REM
A. melatonin
73. Depression in young people may be manifested by which of the following moods? A. Irritability B. Boredom C. Inability to experience pleasure D. All of the above
D. All of the above
23. Between the ages of 11 and 13, the average girl is _____ than boys. A. taller B. heavier C. stronger D. All of the above are true.
D. All of the above are true.
51. Sixteen-year-old Latasha does not get enough sleep. Which of the following is most likely to be true in this scenario? A. She is at-risk for depression. B. She may do poorly in school. C. She may come from a family with less educated and older parents. D. All of the above may be true.
D. All of the above may be true.
4. Adolescence is generally considered to begin with the _____. A. onset of puberty B. adolescent growth spurt C. first nocturnal emission for boys, and menarche for girls D. attainment of sexual maturity
A. onset of puberty
40. Early-maturing girls are at increased risk of _____. A. behavioral problems B. mental health problems C. sexual activity D. all of the above
D. all of the above
61. Ashley's parents were shocked to discover that she had an eating disorder. Her weight is normal and she appears to eat appropriate meals when her parents are present. Before their discovery of her problem, they most likely would have described Ashley as _____. A. having low self-esteem B. being a perfectionist C. being a good student D. all of these
D. all of these
76. The leading cause of death among American adolescents is _____. A. suicide B. sexually transmitted diseases C. cancer D. motor vehicle accidents
D. motor vehicle accidents
101. Puberty tends to be more favorable and easier to adjust to for females.
FALSE
102. Puberty marks the end of brain development.
FALSE
106. Girls are more likely than boys to get regular exercise in adolescence.
FALSE
100. The average U.S. girl begins menarche around age 12 or 13.
TRUE
103. Adolescents are more likely to process emotions in the amygdala then adults who use the frontal lobe.
TRUE
110. Adolescent substance abuse and dependence have declined in recent years.
TRUE
98. Puberty ends typically when a person can reproduce.
TRUE
14. Most girls first begin to show growth of breasts and pubic hair between the ages of _____. A. 6 and 14 B. 8 and 15 C. 10 and 14 D. 15 and 16
A. 6 and 14
54. About 34 percent of U.S. teens have a body mass index (BMI) at or above the _____ percentile. A. 85th B. 11th C. 90th D. 60th
A. 85th
15. Ana's breasts are just starting to develop, she is beginning to grow some pubic hair, and her body is growing rapidly. If she is an average American female, Ana is approximately how old? A. 9 B. 13 C. 15 D. 17
A. 9
16. In boys, the first signs of puberty often begin around age A. 9 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14
A. 9
58. Which statement is NOT true about changing body images during adolescence? A. Boys and girls both grow increasingly dissatisfied by their appearances. B. Cultural influences emphasize women's appearances which may contribute to girls' increasing dissatisfaction with their appearances. C. Parental attitudes and media images play a greater part than peer influences in encouraging weight concerns. D. Eating disorders among boys and young men are on the rise.
A. Boys and girls both grow increasingly dissatisfied by their appearances.
104. One of the reasons for bad decision making in adolescents is the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex.
TRUE
22. Connor, who is going through puberty, is experiencing enlargement of his breasts. Connor must _____. A. not worry because this is normal and temporary B. seek psychotherapy C. have hormone tests right away D. prepare himself for a delay in sexual maturation
A. not worry because this is normal and temporary
45. Sergio is a high school student whose ability to reason and think abstractly appears to be increasing. These higher-order skills are due to the development of the _____. A. prefrontal cortex B. amygdala C. hippocampus D. thalamus
A. prefrontal cortex
34. Menstruation is the _____. A. release of a mature ovum from the ovaries B. monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the uterus C. onset of puberty in girls D. readiness for conception during ovulation
B. monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the uterus
46. Even moderate physical activity has health benefits if done regularly for at least _____ minutes almost every day. A. 15 B. 30 C. 45 D. 60
B. 30
78. Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death for U.S. adolescents ages 15 to 19. A. 1st B. 4th C. 8th D. 10th
B. 4th
1. Which of the following terms represents the social construction for the developmental transition between childhood and adulthood? A. Young Adulthood B. Adolescence C. Puberty D. Menarche
B. Adolescence
75. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major causes of death during adolescence? A. Accidents B. Cancer C. Homicide D. Suicide
B. Cancer
21. Which of the following changes is the first sign of puberty in boys? A. Growth of the penis B. Enlargement of the testes and scrotum C. Growth of axillary hair D. A change in voice
B. Enlargement of the testes and scrotum
71. Randy, who is 13, regularly drinks beer with three friends of the same age. How much more likely are the boys to become dependent on alcohol than if they had waited seven or eight years before they started drinking? A. Three times B. Four times C. Five times D. Six times
B. Four times
79. Which of the following statements regarding adolescent suicide is true? A. African American girls have the highest suicide rate. B. Native American boys have the highest rates in the United States. C. A teenager who has previously attempted suicide is unlikely to try again. D. Suicide rates are low among homosexual and bisexual adolescents.
B. Native American boys have the highest rates in the United States.
6. When was adolescence first defined as a separate stage of life in the Western world? A. The 19th century B. The 20th century C. The 1970s D. Post-World War II
B. The 20th century
38. Compared to late-maturing boys, early-maturing boys are _____. A. likely to be more self-conscious and insecure B. more likely to have conduct or behavioral disorders C. better prepared to deal with the changes of adolescence D. more likely to have poor social and coping skills
B. more likely to have conduct or behavioral disorders
3. Shelley, age 12, is undergoing rapid physiological growth, and her reproductive functions and sex organs are maturing. This is referred to as _____. A. maturation B. puberty C. coming-of-age D. menarche
B. puberty
24. Fourteen-year-old Warren has undergone a rapid increase in height and weight. Warren is experiencing _____. A. coming-of-age B. the adolescent growth spurt C. menarche D. the secular trend
B. the adolescent growth spurt
62. Theories surrounding anorexia claim that _____. A. victims of this disorder have a complete disinterest in food B. people suffering with this disorder engage in early sexual activity C. there is evidence that anorexia can be traced back to medieval times D. all of the above are correct
C. there is evidence that anorexia can be traced back to medieval times
56. Obesity in adolescence _____. A. affects about 25 percent of young people B. has declined in the past two decades owing to greater health consciousness among young people C. usually continues later in life D. is caused solely by too little physical activity and poor eating habits
C. usually continues later in life
65. Which of these statements about bulimia are true? A. Bulimia affects about 1 to 2 percent of international populations. B. People with bulimia are usually within normal weight ranges. C. A bulimic person's binges are usually short-lived. D. All of these are true.
D. All of these are true.
105. The use of drugs and alcohol in adolescence is not likely to cause much damage due to plasticity.
TRUE
41. _____ maturation is associated with an increase of risky behavior in _____. A. Early; boys and girls B. Early; girls only C. Late; boys and girls D. Late; boys only
A. Early; boys and girls
49. Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that influences adolescent obesity? A. Poverty B. Faulty regulation of metabolism C. Inability to recognize body cues about hunger D. Development of an abnormally large number of fat cells
A. Poverty
8. Boys have higher levels of _____ and girls have higher levels of _____. A. androgen; estrogen B. testes; estrogen C. estrogen; androgen D. estrogen; testosterone
A. androgen; estrogen
59. Terri is underweight, has stopped menstruating, is afraid of becoming fat, and is obsessed with food. She is probably _____. A. anorexic B. bulimic C. an underachiever in school D. a late-maturing adolescent
A. anorexic
12. The hormones that stimulate maturation are called __________ in girls and __________ in boys. A. estrogen; testosterone B. androgen; testosterone C. testosterone; estrogen D. androgen; estrogen
A. estrogen; testosterone
35. Menarche is the _____. A. first menstruation in girls B. period when primary sex characteristics mature C. period when secondary sex characteristics appear D. onset of puberty in girls
A. first menstruation in girls
33. A nocturnal emission _____. A. is called a wet dream B. signals the onset of menarche C. can occur early in girls in stressful environments D. occurs in about 30 percent of pubescent boys
A. is called a wet dream
63. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder typically characterized by all of the following symptoms except _____. A. regular eating binges followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting B. abnormal thinness C. shame, self-contempt, and depression D. a history of dieting and/or excessive exercise
B. abnormal thinness
67. Substance _____ involves repeated, harmful use of a substance, whereas substance _____ is a physical and/or psychological addiction. A. deprivation; abuse B. abuse; dependence C. dependence; abuse D. deprivation; dependence
B. abuse; dependence
43. Adolescents tend to use the _____ in the temporal lobe of the brain for emotional reactions. A. prefrontal cortex B. amygdala C. hippocampus D. thalamus
B. amygdala
66. An effective treatment for bulimia might be _____. A. isolation from family members with negative influences B. cognitive behavioral therapy C. a drug that decreases fat stores in the body D. a low-calorie diet
B. cognitive behavioral therapy
48. Compared to low-income adolescents, well-off adolescents are likely to possess all the following characteristics except _____. A. being better educated B. drinking and smoking less C. having healthier diets D. being more physically active
B. drinking and smoking less
20. The sequence of pubertal events is _____. A. extremely inconsistent in order and timing B. fairly consistent in order but not in timing C. consistent in both order and timing D. consistent in girls but inconsistent in boys
B. fairly consistent in order but not in timing
44. The _____ lobe is in charge of the more accurate, reasoned choices associated with adulthood. A. parietal B. frontal C. temporal D. occipital
B. frontal
42. The most rapid period of brain development occurs during _____. A. early childhood B. middle childhood C. adolescence D. early adulthood
C. adolescence
39. Alice is an adolescent who tends to be shy and introverted, lacks poise, and feels unhappy about having menstrual periods. Alice is probably _____. A. sexually active B. underweight C. an early-maturing girl D. a late-maturing girl
C. an early-maturing girl
25. Phillipe is 16 and has just begun his adolescent growth spurt. How old would you predict he will be when the growth spurt ends? A. 13 B. 15 C. 18 D. 21
C. 18
68. An upsurge in drug use occurred in the early _____. A. 1960s B. 1900s C. 1990s D. 2000s
C. 1990s
55. The number of overweight young people has increased _____ percent over the past two decades. A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 400
C. 300
77. Firearm-related deaths of 15- to 19-year olds constitute more than _____ percent of all homicides in that age group. A. 65 B. 75 C. 85 D. 95
C. 85
57. Which of the following statements regarding body image is FALSE? A. Girls' increase in body fat at puberty leads to more dissatisfaction with their bodies, whereas boys become more satisfied with their increasing muscularity. B. Fashion magazines, which promote unrealistic ideals of thinness, contribute to girls' dissatisfaction with their bodies. C. About one-quarter of girls are dieting or think they should be. D. Relationships with parents may be a factor that influences adolescent body image.
C. About one-quarter of girls are dieting or think they should be.
7. Which of the following statements about adolescence in the United States today is FALSE? A. American adolescents face hazards to their physical well-being. B. American adolescents face hazards to their mental health. C. About three in five adolescents will deal with major problems in adolescence. D. Physical hazards of adolescence include early pregnancy and high death rates from accidents, homicide, and suicide.
C. About three in five adolescents will deal with major problems in adolescence.
64. Which of the following statements regarding eating disorders is true? A. Bulimia is less common than anorexia. B. The majority of anorexics are female, and the majority of individuals who have bulimia nervosa are male. C. Approximately 3 percent of the population is made up of binge eaters. D. So much overlap exists between anorexia and bulimia that they are considered to be different aspects of a single disorder.
C. Approximately 3 percent of the population is made up of binge eaters.
53. Seventeen-year-old Quentin requires _____ hours of sleep each night for healthy development and functioning. A. 6-7 B. Less than 7 C. At least 8 D. 10
C. At least 8
50. Approximately how many hours of sleep do average adolescents need? A. 6 to 7 hours B. Less than 7 hours C. At least 8 hours D. 10 hours
C. At least 8 hours
47. _____ out of 10 early and mid-adolescents consider themselves healthy. A. Five B. Seven C. Nine D. Ten
C. Nine
5. Which of the following statements is NOT one of the reasons why, in modern industrial societies, it is unclear when adolescence ends? A. Complex industrial societies require a long period of education, which postpones adulthood beyond the attainment of physical maturity. B. Most of these societies have no definitive markers to establish adulthood. C. Puberty in these societies is beginning much later than it used to, because young people are less active and less physically fit. D. Vocational apprenticeships are rare or absent in these societies.
C. Puberty in these societies is beginning much later than it used to, because young people are less active and less physically fit.
81. Which of the following is NOT true of suicide? A. Young people who attempt suicide tend to have histories of emotional illness. B. Alcohol plays a part in half all teenage suicides. C. The prefrontal cortex has not been identified in postmortem brain studies of suicide victims. D. Protective factors include connectedness to family and school.
C. The prefrontal cortex has not been identified in postmortem brain studies of suicide victims.
80. Protective factors shown to reduce the risk of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT A. connectedness to family and school. B. emotional well-being. C. attention to physical attractiveness. D. parental availability to the child.
C. attention to physical attractiveness.
29. The secular trend refers to _____. A. earlier sexual activity B. better nutrition and health care C. earlier physical and sexual maturity D. lengthening adolescence through education
C. earlier physical and sexual maturity
37. Jung tends to worry about being liked, is very cautious in his actions, and feels most comfortable following the rules. He is also popular with his peers and good-natured. According to research from the text, Jung is probably a(n) _____. A. depressed teenager B. late-maturing boy C. early-maturing boy D. preadolescent
C. early-maturing boy
27. After the period of rapid adolescent growth, females tend to have a more rounded appearance than males, which is mainly due to _____. A. menstruation B. overeating C. layers of fat under the skin D. androgen production
C. layers of fat under the skin
11. Increased levels of ____ may signal the pituitary and sex glands to increase their secretion of hormones. A. DHEA B. GnRH C. leptin D. GPR54
C. leptin
2. The process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce is called _____. A. the adolescent growth spurt B. adrenarche C. puberty D. all of the above
C. puberty
28. The trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago, is an example of a _____ trend. A. behavioral B. psychosocial C. secular D. retrospective
C. secular
13. Jenna is experiencing an increased output of her oil- and sweat-producing glands. What other physiological changes is she probably experiencing at this time? A. growth of pubic hair B. the beginning of body growth C. menarche D. the appearance of underarm hair
D. the appearance of underarm hair
74. Adolescent girls and adult women are more likely to suffer from depression than are males. Which of the following is a reason for this gender difference? A. Biological changes B. Difference in socialization C. Greater vulnerability to stress in social relationships D. All of the above may explain the gender difference.
D. All of the above may explain the gender difference.
36. Research suggests that family relationships might be related to the timing of sexual maturation. Based on this research, which girl would you predict to mature last? A. Adrianna, who has an unaffectionate, uninvolved father B. Beth, who is being raised by a single mother C. Carol, who is exposed to many unrelated male adults D. DeeDee, who has a close, supportive relationship with her father
D. DeeDee, who has a close, supportive relationship with her father
17. Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic? A. Underarm hair B. Breasts C. Pubic hair D. Ovaries
D. Ovaries
72. Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking is FALSE? A. The rate of teen smoking has shown a recent decrease. B. A strong relationship exists between adolescents who smoke and parents who smoke. C. Early smoking may damage the DNA in the lungs. D. Over half of high school students are smokers.
D. Over half of high school students are smokers.
19. Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic? A. Axillary hair B. Pubic hair C. Voice changes D. Seminal vesicles
D. Seminal vesicles
32. A nocturnal emission is _____. A. a sign of maladjustment B. always associated with erotic dreams C. associated with the end of male puberty D. a normal occurrence during adolescence
D. a normal occurrence during adolescence
26. An adolescent generally reaches sexual maturity _____. A. when the primary sex characteristics appear B. at the onset of puberty C. at the onset of the adolescent growth spurt D. after the adolescent growth spurt ends
D. after the adolescent growth spurt ends
10. The secretion of gradually increasing levels of androgens, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), influences _____. A. the growth of body and pubic hair B. the development of body odor C. faster body growth D. all of the above
D. all of the above
9. The rush of hormonal activity associated with puberty seems to depend on reaching a critical amount of _____ necessary for successful reproduction. A. estrogen B. neurotransmitters C. androgens D. body fat
D. body fat
70. Heavy usage of marijuana can _____. A. damage the brain, heart, lungs, and immune system B. impede memory, learning, perception, and judgment C. lessen motivation and interfere with schoolwork and other activities D. cause all of these
D. cause all of these
60. Anorexia nervosa typically includes all of the following symptoms except _____. A. a severe loss of body weight B. a distorted body image C. a preoccupation with food D. poor academic achievement
D. poor academic achievement
31. In boys, the principal sign of sexual maturity is the _____. A. ability to maintain an erection B. first nocturnal emission C. growth of the penis D. production of sperm
D. production of sperm
18. Pubic hair is one of the _____. A. signs of menarche B. signs that a young person is capable of reproduction C. primary sex characteristics D. secondary sex characteristics
D. secondary sex characteristics
30. Puberty began for Molly when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11, and her grandmother at 13. This is an example of a _____ trend. A. cross-sectional B. sexual C. physiological D. secular
D. secular
107. The adolescent years are fraught with health concerns.
FALSE
109. Outcomes for anorexia are generally more successful than for bulimia.
FALSE
92. The beginning and ending of adolescence is clearly marked in Western cultures but not in Eastern cultures.
FALSE
95. Risky behaviors like smoking, drinking, and promiscuity are generally not established until late in adolescence.
FALSE
96. Puberty begins earlier in boys than girls.
FALSE
97. The adolescent growth spurt occurs at the same time for both males and females.
FALSE
99. The secular explains declining religious involvement in U.S. adolescents.
FALSE
108. Many adolescents do not get enough sleep because the high school schedule is incongruent with natural body rhythms.
TRUE
93. In the United States today, adolescence lasts about a decade.
TRUE
94. In many societies, there are rites of passage when adolescence is reached.
TRUE