Dermatropic Viruses

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

*Gential Lesions *MOT: Direct Sexual Contact/Birth canal, or placental transmission -Recurrent Infection -STD -45 million people ages 12+ (1/5) are infected -Most common among African Americans -Increasing rates are among white teens -Most people have no signs/symptoms -Signs: 1 or more blisters on or around genitals/rectum, blisters break leading to tender sores taking 2-4 weeks to heal, future outbreaks are less severe than the first -Condoms only help to decrease transmission -Virus can be releases from sores or from skin that appears normal -No cure but there are medications to help reduce the severity and frequency of occurance

Measles

*MOT: Droplet *POE: Respiratory Tract *Causes: Skin lesions/rashes *EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS *Effective vaccine *Oral Lesions -Similar to chicken and small pox in development -Spreads from respiratory system after ~10-12 days, causing the same symptoms as common cold -Rash appears on the face which spreads to trunk then extremities -Encephalitis can develop in some cases

Smallpox

*MOT: Droplet *POE: Respiratory Tract *Causes: Skin lesions/rashes which can lead to scarring and pitting *Effective vaccination has lead to worldwide eradication -Europeans --> Native Americans -Orthopoxvirus -Possible biological weapon

German Measles

*MOT: Droplet *POE: Respiratory Tract *Causes: Skin lesions/rash *Effective Vaccine *Crosses Placenta *More mild than Rubeola -Characterized by rash of red spots and fever -Encephalitis can occur in adults that get it -Incubation period ~2-3 weeks

Chickenpox

*MOT:Droplet *POE: Respiratory Tract *Causes: Skin lesions/rash *Serious complication with kids *A herpes virus *Effective vaccine *Mostly a childhood disease -Infectious, acute inflammatory disease -Blisters last 3-4 days and fill with pus causing crusting -Typically found on face, neck, and lower back -Can be fatal from related Encephalitis and Viral Pneumonia -Adults = ^ Mortality rate -After recovery, virus remains in dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord *Later reactivation = Shingles

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

*Oral Lesions (cold sores/fever blisters) *MOT: Direct contact with infected lesions, saliva, or mucus membranes (oral) or respiratory routes -Recurrent Infection -Almost everyone has been infected during infancy -Can appear due to: exposure to UV rays, emotional upsets, and hormonal changes -Can lead to infection of the cornea of the eye = Herpetic Keratitis -Remain dormant in the trigeminal nerve ganglia of the brain

Shingles

*Reactivation of dormant Varicella Zoster Virus *Primarily Adults -Blisters found of face, chest, back, and around waist -Usually only affects 1 side of body -Painful and can lead to nerve impairment and paralysis -Fatal in ~17% of US cases

The Smallpox Vaccine

-Created by Edward Jenner -Led to worldwide eradication in 1980

Monkeypox

-Similar to Smallpox -Orthopoxvirus -Occurs in remote Africa -Transmitted to humans from squirrels and primates through contact with animals blood or through a bite

Virus (physical definition)

A piece of genetic material wrapped in protein and only contain 1 type of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)

Virus (definition)

An intracellular, infectious parasite capable of living and replicating only in living cells.

Varicella Zoster Virus is AKA

Chickenpox Virus

CHART

Viral Pathogen -- Disease Name -- MOT -- S+S: _____________________________________________ 1)Herpes Simplex 1-- Cold Sore -- Oral or Respiratory -- Cold sore lesion on mouth 2)Herpes Simplex 2 -- Genital Herpes -- STD -- Chronic, painful blistering on genitals; flu-like symptoms; fever; swollen glands 3)Rubella-- German Measles -- Inhalation of Respiratory droplets -- Red spots and fever that can lead to encephalitis 4)Rubeola -- Measles -- Inhalation of Respiratory droplets -- Red spots on face, trunk, and extremities that can lead to encephalitis; more severe than German measles 5)Varicella Zoster-- a) Chickenpox (Varicella)-- Inhalation of respiratory droplets -- Lesions on the face, throat, lower back, chest and shoulders that fill with pus and dry/crusting --b) Shingles (Zoster) -- Reactivation of Varicella Virus-- Blistering of the waist, face, chest, and back that follows the sensory nerve paths and can lead to paralysis 6)Variola -- Smallpox -- Respiratory route (droplet) -- Characteristic pox lesions of the skin and organs

Congenital Rubella

German measles contracted by the pregnant mother during the first trimester which crosses the placenta and causes neurological complications/birth defects -15% of babies die in first year -Others: Stunted growth, body disfigurement, deafness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation

Oral Lesions caused by Measles

Koplik's Spots

Viruses can infect almost any...

Living cell

Effective German Measles Vaccine

MMR

Effective Measles Vaccine

MMR

German Measles is AKA

Rubella Virus 3 Day Measles

Measles Virus is AKA

Rubeola Virus

Herpes Zoster Virus is AKA

Shingles Virus

Dermatropic Viruses affect

The skin

The Smallpox Virus is AKA

Variola Virus