Developmental Psychology Chapter 15

Degeneration associated with presbycusis accelerates after what age?

50

What is the average age for the onset of menopause in the US?

50

Statistically, which of the following groups has the shortest life expectancy in the US?

African American men

What is the most common mechanism that causes heart disease?

Decreasing oxygen supply to the heart due to the build-up of plaque on artery walls.

Which of the following best explains the typical pattern of cognitive functioning in middle adulthood?

Individuals may maintain or even gain in skill on tasks that are highly practiced or based on specific learning, such as playing a card game.

Which of the following is a reason why it takes middle-aged adults longer to perform cognitive tasks than younger adults?

A larger area of brain tissue is activated, so it takes longer to process information.

What is sildenafil?

A medication used to treat erectile dysfunction.

What is the name of the drug that can help recovering alcoholics deal with withdrawal symptoms?

Acamprostate

Which of the following groups has a more positive view of aging and a less negative view of menopause?

African American women

Which of the following statements is accurate?

African Americans have the highest rates of prostate, colon, and lung cancer.

Which of the following groups are most likely to die of heart disease?

African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans.

How do death rates of men with alcoholism in their 50s and early 60s compare with nonalcoholics?

Alcoholics are 5-6 times more likely to die in mid-life.

What term is used for deposits of plaque in the arteries that cause them to narrow or become blocked?

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes?

Blindess

How does physical exercise help maintain cognitive abilities in middle age?

By maintaining cardiovascular fitness

Which of the following is the second leading cause of death of adults over age 45 in the US?

Cancer

What is the leading cause of death among adults in the US?

Cardiovascular disease

Jose and Isabella want to repaint their entire house and renovate some of the rooms as well. They look at many paint samples, magazine pictures, and try out several different arrangements of furniture. This process represents what type of thinking?

Divergent

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?

Early menopause

Grayson told her mother everything that happened at her school dance last night. Grayson was relying on which type of memory?

Episodic

Which of the following viruses is linked to cancers of the nose and throat?

Epstein-Barr

Which of the following theorists viewed the issues of generativity and stagnation as critical issues that most middle-aged adults must deal with?

Erik Erikson

Which of the following factors is linked most directly to osteoporosis in women?

Estrogen and progesterone levels

Which of the following is a dietary factor that contributes to the risk of osteoporosis?

Excessive caffeine consumption

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for heart disease?

First degree relatives with cardiovascular disease

Angela is very conscious of cancer risk factors so she tries to take care of herself and minimize as many of the controllable risk as possible. She is vaccinated against hepatitis, she practices safe sex, and when she travels to strange places, she drinks bottled water to decrease her chances of developing a bacterial infection that has been linked to some cancers. What is the name of this bacteria?

Helicobactger pylori

Which characteristic of Type A personality is most closely linked to CVD?

Hostility

Which of the following is associated with the male climacteric?

Increased difficulty attaining and maintaining an erection

How does being overweight affect one's risk of cancer?

It is a significant risk factor in many types of cancer.

Why do we know so little about normal middle-aged brains?

Most research has focused on changes associated with trauma and disease

Of the following, which individual might be expected to experience earlier or larger intellectual declines?

Mr. Jones, age 70, who has taken medication for high blood pressure for 20 years

Among minority women, what is the major risk factor for CVD?

Obesity

Which of the following is a condition of primary aging characterized by loss of bone mass and brittle, porous bones?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is correct regarding osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis in women is accelerated by menopause.

During which phase of menopause do both types of estrogen drop, progesterone levels drop, and ovulation ceases?

Postmenopausal

Which of the following is one of the four stages of "mulling over" proposed by Daniel Goleman?

Preparation

Adella has never had anything but perfect vision, but shortly after her 40th birthday, she noticed it was getting more and more difficult to read the morning newspaper-as if her arms were not long enough to hold the paper far enough away to get in focus. If Adella visits her ophthalmologist she will likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Presbyopia

Which hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the sloughing off of accumulated material in the uterus each month if conception has not occurred?

Progesterone

According to data collected from interviews of successful and creative older adults, what was one of the consistent themes reported to enhance creativity?

Recognizing the value of accumulated knowledge and experience

Rodney wears reading glasses, uses an ergonomically designed chair when he works at the computer, and exercises regularly to offset the effects of aging. He is also taking two courses at the local community college just for the sake of learning. What principle is at work here?

Selective optimization with compensation

What is the term used by Baltes and Baltes to refer to the process of balancing the gains and losses associated with aging?

Selective optimization with compensation

Gilda is 35 years old. Her estrogen levels have decreased, her menstrual periods have become very irregular, and she experiences periods of extreme sweating. What's happening with Gilda?

She is in the perimenopausal phase of menopause.

Which of the following is a risk factor for both heart disease and cancer?

Smoking

Which of the following best defines the term creativity?

The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas and/or solutions to problems.

Fifty-year-old Evan has begun to experience difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection. These changes might indicate that Evan is experiencing which of the following?

The climacteric

Alleena has noticed that she is becoming forgetful, sometimes gets words mixed up, and her emotions seem to be "making her crazy." She is also very fatigued. What is the likely cause of this?

The hot flashes and hormonal changes of perimenopause are probably disturbing her sleep, so she is sleep-deprived.

Which of the following is accurate concerning the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

The more high-risk behaviors or characteristics a person has, the higher the person's risk of heart disease.

Which of the following is a factor that is likely to lead to clinical depression during and after menopause?

The number of life stressors present both before and during menopause.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current research on hormone therapy (HT) for menopause?

The use of HT should be approached cautiously and should be symptom-specific.

Which of the following is a physical effect that is attributed to the reduction in estrogen during the phases of menopause?

The walls of the vagina are less elastic.

Which of the following is most consistent with Denney's view of age-related change in physical and cognitive functioning?

There is an underlying decay curve, so that with increased age there will eventually be a point at which even maximum exercise will not help an individual maintain his lifetime's peak functioning in either physical or cognitive abilities.

Which of the following is one of the hypotheses as to why diabetes has a more devastating effect on minority individuals that on whites?

They are likely to contract the disease earlier in life so it has a longer time to adversely affect the body

A researcher who is testing the cognitive functioning of middle-aged adults would find which of the following to be true of her subjects regarding well-rehearsed, familiar tasks?

They maintain or gain in skill

Which of the following includes personality traits such as a competitive drive, a sense of time urgency, and sometimes aggressiveness or hostility?

Type A personality

Lorn is not particularly worried about setting the world on fire. He takes his time and is fairly laid back in most cases. He's not the least bit competitive and seems to just take things as they come. Lorn would be considered to be a...

Type B personality

Which of the following is likely to contribute to a male's problems with sexual functioning?

Use of blood pressure medication

Which of the following represents the best example of the Type A personality characteristic that is most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease?

When Jack loses a business deal, he takes his anger and hostility out on other drivers during his evening commute.

How does aging affect memory?

With advancing age, individuals tend to remember fewer specific details of a story and more of the theme or meaning of the story.

Which of the following is true of cognitive functioning and automobile accidents?

Young adults are more likely to get into an accident because of lapses of judgment and a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol.

What is the most frequently abused substance in the US?

alcohol

According to several studies, the psychological effects of menopause should not be linked with...

an increased likelihood of major depression

According to the most current research, which of the following is a benefit of hormone replacement therapy?

fewer hot flashes

Hepatitis B virus is closely linked to which of the following?

liver cancer

Bernice is 45. At least once a week, she wakes up in the middle of the night wringing wet with sweat. She is having ___, a form of ___.

night sweats; hot flashes

In middle adulthood, which of the following correlate with socioeconomic class and are predictive of health?

occupational level and education

overall physical health and cognitive performance in middle adulthood are most closely inked to...

physical exercise

Mason is 55 and has come to believe that his phone is not working properly, because whenever his elderly mother calls, he has trouble hearing her voice. Mason should be examined for...

presbycusis

What is the condition that results when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic?

presbyopia

According to Denney's model, the maximum level of cognitive and physical function an individual can achieve with exercise...

steadily decreases after middle adulthood

Which of the following are most helpful in preventing osteoporosis?

sufficient calcium intake and exercise

What is the most likely explanation for the decline in sexual activity associated with mid-life?

the demands and pressures of everyday living

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between gender and health?

women tend to live longer but they also have more diseases and disabilities

Why do women fare better after a heart attack than men?

women's heart muscle seems to be better able to adapt to stressors and physical exertion.